Apoptosis and cell cycle aberrations in epithelial odontogenic lesions : an evidence by the expression of p53, Bcl-2 and Bax

Ameloblastoma (AMB), odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) and adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) are epithelial odontogenic lesions with diverse biologic profiles. Defects in regulation of apoptosis and cell cycle may be involved in the development and progression of those lesions, therefore we aimed to investigate the expression of Bcl-2, Bax and p53 to better understand the possible role of these proteins in AMBs, OKCs and AOTs. The studied sample consisted of 20 AMBs, 20 OKCs and 20 AOTs. Immunohistochemistry technique was performed for the antibodies p53, Bcl-2 and Bax. Immunoreactivity was observed in the epithelial component and positive cells were counted in five fields (100x magnification). Statistical analysis was performed with Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman tests (p<0.05). All lesions exhibited staining for the three studied proteins. There was no statistically significant associations between the expression of proteins and the lesions, however we identified a positive correlation between the expression of p53 and Bcl-2 (r = 0.200) and a negative correlation between p53 and Bax expressions (r = -0.100). In addition, p53 and Bax were similarly expressed between AMBs and OKCs. Bcl-2 was similarly expressed in AMBs and AOTs. Apoptosis regulatory proteins, as well as cell cycle proteins, are differently expressed in epithelial odontogenic lesions and their expression is possibly related to the biological behavior of AMB, OKC and AOT

Unusual epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma in palate: case report and immunohistochemical study

Ephitelial-myoepithelial carcinoma (EMC) is a neoplasm of salivary gland extremely rare and low-grade malig- nant, exhibiting predilection for major salivary gland, especially parotid gland. This paper described a case of EMC localized in soft palate. The initial clinical diagnosis were mucoepidermoid and adenoid cystic carcinoma. A incisional biopsy was performed, and the histological diagnosis was adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified. The patient underwent excisional biopsy, where was realized immunohistochemical analysis, staining the duct-like structures, where the inner layer of epithelial cells positively for CK 14, whereas outer layer of myoepithelial cells stained positively for smooth muscle actin (SMA) and vimentin antibodies. Based on these findings, the final histological diagnosis was EMC. The patient was submitted 30 sessions of radiotherapy, and she is being follow-up about 2 years without evidence recurrences

Squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue: clinical and morphological analysis of 57 cases and correlation with prognosis

Introduction: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), which represents more than 90% of head and neck malignant neoplasms, has a poor prognosis due to its high frequency of lymph node metastasis and local invasion. Previous studies have investigated parameters related to the biological behavior of OSCC and its correlation with disease outcome (DO). Objective: To evaluate clinical and morphological data in cases of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC), correlating these findings with prognosis. Material and methods: Fifty-seven specimens of TSCC were obtained from patients undergoing surgical excision at a referral hospital in Natal, Brazil. Clinical data, such as tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage and DO, were collected from medical records. Hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections were analyzed regarding histological grade of malignancy (HGM), based on the system proposed by Bryne (1998) Results: The majority of patients (38.6%) were diagnosed as TNM stage III, and 57.9% developed metastases. Remission of the tumor occurred in 77.2% of the cases. The parameter “metastasis” exhibited a significant association with DO (p = 0) and TNM stage (p = 0.001), thus constituting a good indicator of tumor progression. Correlation of HGM and TNM stage with DO was not evidenced. Nevertheless, statistical analysis showed a significant association between HGM and TNM stage (p = 0.006). Conclusion: TNM clinical staging and HGM, evaluated in association, may be useful to estimate the prognosis of TSCC

Fatores de risco da ulceração aftosa recorrente – uma revisão dos achados atuais

The Recurrent Aphthous Ulceration (RAU) is the most common oral mucosal disorder, attacking mainly non-keratinized areas. It is characterized by painful, recurring, superficial ulcers, surrounded by erythematous haloes. The ulcers are classified, according to clinical characteristics, as minor ulcers, major ulcers and herpetiform ulcers. Its etiology is multifactorial and can be associated with family history and local, systemic and genetic factors. The diagnosis is fundamentally made through anamnesis and clinical exam, because no laboratory procedures exisst to confirm the diagnosis. To date, there is no curative therapy to prevent the recurrence of ulcers, and all available treatment modalities can only reduce the frequency and severity of the lesions. Based in the actual findings, the main objective of this paper is to relate and discuss the main risk factors of the recurrent aphthous ulceration, found in the literature, and so it contributes for better understanding this disorder.A Ulceração Aftosa Recorrente (UAR) é a desordem que afeta a mucosa oral com maior freqüência, acometendo principalmente áreas não ceratinizadas. Caracteriza-se por ulcerações dolorosas, recorrentes, superficiais, circundadas por um halo eritematoso. As úlceras são classificadas de acordo com suas características clínicas em úlceras aftosas menores, úlceras aftosas maiores e úlceras herpetiformes. Sua etiologia é multifatorial, e podem estar associadas com histórico familiar, fatores locais, sistêmicos e genéticos. O diagnóstico é basicamente feito através de uma boa anamnese e um exame clínico, já que não existem exames laboratoriais que confirmem o diagnóstico. Até o momento, não existe tratamento curativo para prevenir a recorrência das ulcerações: todas as modalidades disponíveis podem apenas reduzir a freqüência e a severidade das lesões. Com base nos achados atuais, o objetivo do presente trabalho é relatar e discutir os principais fatores de risco da ulceração aftosa recorrente encontrados na literatura e, assim, colaborar para o melhor entendimento dessa desordem

Clinicopathological study of oral focal mucinosis : a retrospective case series

Oral focal mucinosis (OFM) is a rare soft tissue lesion of unknown etiology that exhibits tumor-like growth. It is considered the oral counterpart of cutaneous focal mucinosis or cutaneous myxoid cyst. This is a retrospective study of oral OFM diagnosed over a period of 42 years at an oral pathology service. Clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical data were analyzed. Alcian blue staining and S-100 immunohistochemistry were performed. Eleven cases were retrieved (4:1 female-to-male ratio). The mean age was 44 years. The gingiva was the most affected site. The main clinical presentation was sessile or pedunculated lesions of fibrous or hyperplasic appearance, most of them asymptomatic. Positive Alcian blue staining and absence of S-100 protein were observed in all specimens, which supported the histological diagnosis of OFM. Surgical excision was the treatment of choice. Although rare, this study supports the inclusion of OFM in the differential diagnosis of intraoral myxoid lesions

Peripheral and central giant cell lesions: etiology, origin of giant cells, diagnosis and treatment

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: The peripheral and central giant cell lesions (PGCL and CGCL) are a group of pathological entities with similar histopathological features and whose origin has not been fully elucidated. The former is reactive and the latter exhibits a non-neoplastic proliferative behavior. This article aims to review the literature on peripheral giant cell lesions (PGCL) and central giant cell lesions (CGCL) by discussing the most important aspects pertaining to each of them. RESULTS: These lesions are found in different locations and show diverse clinical signs despite having the same histopathological features. The treatment consists in the surgical resection by different techniques depending on the type of the lesion and clinical conditions. In the case of CGCL, drug therapy may also be employed. CONCLUSION: Although there is no consensus in the literature, it is essential to know the etiology of these lesions as well as the exact origin of the giant cells. Due to their singular biological behavior, it is of utmost importance to establish a differential diagnosis between the two lesions and other processes that have similar clinical, radiological and histological characteristics, inasmuch as this procedure is essential to provide a suitable treatment and establish a prognosis

Vesículas extracelulares: o que sabemos até agora

Com base em uma revisão de literatura, este estudo teve como objetivo abordar e esclarecer alguns conceitos referente às vesículas extracelulares (VE) e sua nomenclatura. Realizou-se uma busca por artigos científicos e revisões bibliográficas relativos às VE publicados de 2010 a 2021 em língua inglesa nas bases de dados eletrônicas Scielo, Lilacs e Medline/PubMed. Trinta e três artigos pertinentes ao tema foram selecionados para compor esse estudo. VE são partículas nano/micrométricas, delimitadas por uma membrana celular e produzidas por organismos vivos, que desempenham um papel importante na comunicação celular. Dentre as principais classes de VE, encontram-se os exossomos, microvesículas e corpos apoptóticos. Contudo, essas vesículas compartilham algumas características comuns, dificultando sua caracterização. Embora diversos estudos tenham tentado isolar os diferentes tipos de VE, ainda não há métodos eficazes de purificação nem marcadores específicos. Com base na literatura atual, o presente artigo reforça a importância de uma descrição detalhada acerca dos métodos de isolamento e caracterização em estudos que se utilizam de VE. Além disso, de modo a tentar reduzir possíveis vieses e facilitar a comparação entre estudos, sugere também que se padronize o uso do termo “VE” em detrimento a termos mais específicos.This study aimed to address and clarify some concepts about the extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their nomenclature based on a literature review. A literature review was performed using the Scielo, Lilacs and Medline/PubMed databases. Scientific research and literature review articles about VEs published from 2010 to 2021 in English language were verified. Thenceforth, 33 articles were selected to compose this study. EVs are nano to micrometric- sized particles, delimited by cell membrane and released from living organisms, which play an important role on cell communication. The main types of EVs are exosomes, microvesicles and apoptotic bodies, which present overlapping features that may lead to confusion in their characterization. Studies have tried to isolate the different types of VEs, but there are neither effective methods of purification nor specific markers yet. Based on the current literature, the present study reinforces the importance of detailed description about methods of isolation and characterization in studies which use VEs and suggests maintaining the use of the term “EVs” instead of more specific terms, thus attempting to reduce possible biases and facilitate comparison between studies