O surdo e o espaço geográfico / The deaf and the geographic space

Este artigo apresenta uma narrativa que relata uma experiência vivenciada no ano de 2019 em uma escola estadual da cidade de Posse no estado de Goiás com um aluno surdo através de estratégia de aplicação e atividade em sala de aula para ensino de Geografia, de modo que os alunos pudessem passar pela aprendizagem dos fenômenos, elementos e dinâmica da natureza e sua distribuição na superfície terrestre e, especialmente, a dinâmica desses fenômenos e elementos do meio ambiente e suas relações com o homem, sendo este o tema delimitado e o principal objetivo da atividade, revelando que, para objetivo dessa narrativa, é explanar os resultados obtidos a partir da aplicação dessa atividade e como foram construídas as relações com os alunos surdos. A metodologia é de abordagem qualitativa e descritiva da aplicação prática de uma atividade dada em sala de aula no ano de 2019, envolvendo o uso da Língua Brasileira de Sinais – LIBRAS e recursos de imagem, atividade escrita e desenhada, além de corte, recorte e colagem. Os resultados revelaram que os alunos surdos possuíam grande potencial de aprendizagem, especialmente ao destacar para esses alunos as estratégias condicionantes para o desencadear do conhecimento de si próprio, aumentando a autoestima desses alunos e lhes apresentando os próprios resultados. Ao final do projeto dessa atividade, foi possível perceber que os alunos compreenderam quais os estados brasileiros, alguns aspectos das tradições e cultura de cada um e qual estado residem e estudam

Use of probiotic with Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus faecium and Sacharomyces cerevisae in veal calves diet: effects on performance and meat quality

Fourteen Holstein-Zebu calves were used to evaluate the effects of probiotic with Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus faecium and Sacharomyces cerevisae in diet on performance and meat quality of veal calves. Calves were randomly assigned in two treatments: whole milk and whole milk with probiotic. Calves were weight at birth and every fifteen days until slaughter, between 160 and 190 kg body weight. Body weight daily gain, dry matter intake, feed efficiency, dressing percentage of carcass, fecal score and sensorial analyses in Longissimus dorsi muscle were evaluated in a completely randomized block design. Data were interpreted by variance analysis and means compared by F test. Weekly fecal scores were interpreted by non-parametric variance analysis, by Wilcoxon test. Any differences were observed in sensorial analysis of meat samples, and data indicate a quite clear coloration, with compatible intensity of red color wanted by market. Average values of body weight daily gain, feed efficiency, weight and dressing percentage of carcass for both treatments were 892 and 945 g, 1.41 and 1.30, 90.9 and 98.8 kg, 57.1 and 58.3%, respectively, for calves fed whole milk and whole milk with probiotic (p >; 0.05).Este trabalho objetivou avaliar o desempenho e a qualidade da carne de vitelos bovinos em função da adição na dieta de probiótico composto por Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus faecium e Sacharomyces cerevisae. Foram utilizados 14 bezerros mestiços Holandês-Zebu, distribuídos em blocos, de acordo com o peso ao nascer, nos tratamentos, leite integral e leite integral adicionado de probiótico. A alimentação foi constituída exclusivamente por leite integral. Os animais foram pesados quinzenalmente do nascimento ao abate, entre 160 e 190 kg de peso vivo. Avaliou-se o ganho de peso diário, consumo de matéria seca, conversão alimentar, rendimento da carcaça, escore fecal e análise sensorial da carne. Os resultados foram interpretados por análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de F e os valores médios semanais de escore fecal foram analisados por análise não-paramétrica utilizando o teste de Wilcoxon. Na análise sensorial não foram observadas diferenças entre tratamentos, e os resultados indicaram coloração clara, compatível com a cor vermelha desejada pelo mercado. Os resultados do ganho diário de peso vivo, conversão alimentar e peso e rendimento da carcaça dos animais para ambos os tratamentos foram de 892 e 945 g; 1,41 e 1,30; 90,9 e 98,8 kg; e 57,1 e 58,3%, respectivamente, para animais alimentados com leite integral e leite mais probiótico (p >; 0,05)

Effect of Conjugated Linoleic Acid on Memory and Reflex Maturation in Rats Treated During Early Life

In the critical period of neurodevelopment (gestation and lactation), maternal consumption of essential fatty acids (FAs) can alter the offspring cognitive function permanently causing damage. Lipids can regulate neurotrophin and compose brain tissue. However, the effects of maternal consumption of a mixture of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on an offspring nervous system are not completely clear. We aimed to investigate the impacts of different CLA concentrations mixed into the maternal diet during early life on neonatal reflex maturation and cognitive functions of the offspring. Three groups were formed: control (CG): receiving a standard diet; CLA1: receiving a diet containing 1% of CLA, and CLA3: receiving a diet containing 3% of CLA, offered during gestation and lactation. After birth, the reflex responses of the offspring were observed from the 1st to the 21st day. After weaning, the animals’ anxiety and memory were assessed using open field (OF) and novel object recognition tests. Fatty acids in the breast milk and the offspring’s brain were also quantified. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and the Kruskal–Wallis test. CLA1 presented accelerated palmar grasp disappearance versus CLA3 and negative-geotaxis versus CG; and the CLA3 presented increases for most reflexes (cliff-avoidance, vibrissa-placing, negative-geotaxis, and auditory-startle response), and decrease in reflexes palmar grasp and free-fall righting versus CG (p < 0.05). CLA3 group explored less of the OF in the second exposure. CLA1 and CLA3 presented an increased exploration ratio for new objects, which indicates memory improvement. The milk tested from CLA3 demonstrated an increase in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and a decrease in monounsaturated fatty acids. The amount of CLA in milk was greater in CLA1 and CLA3 and in the brain offspring both presented moderated amounts of CLA. Maternal treatment with the CLA mixture induced anticipated reflex maturation and improved memory in the offspring. Even though CLA was detected in the brains in only trace amounts, offspring’s brain PUFA and SFA levels were increased. Further studies aimed to delineate the effect of maternal CLA supplementation on offspring’s brain lipid metabolism and long-term neurologic outcome are needed to confirm these findings

Bioprospection of fungi lipase from marine sediment of Ceará coast (Northeastern Brazil)

This work reports the bioprospecting lipase activity of fungi isolated from marine sediments of the coast of Ceará state in northeastern Brazil. Five fungi strains were isolated from marine sediments (SM1 - SM5), collected at Barra do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE. They were subjected to the test of lipolytic activity by gel diffusion method, using olive oil and tributyrin as lipase-specific and esterase-specific substrate respectively. Rhodamine B was employed as colorimetric reagent. Of the five tested fungi strains, three (SM1, SM2, and SM3) were specifically positive for the lipase activity (LA), with moderate to high LA (2.4<LA≤3.8). Among these, one (SM2) showed high lipase activity, with a LA value equal to 3.8, quite similar to the positive control (Aspergillus niger). Isolates were identified according to their morphological characteristics and classified as Paecilomyces sp. (SM1), Aspergillus sp. (SM2) and Aspergillus flavus (SM3)

Uso de probiótico composto por Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus faecium e Sacharomyces cerevisae na dieta de vitelos bovinos: efeitos sobre o desempenho e a qualidade da carne

Este trabalho objetivou avaliar o desempenho e a qualidade da carne de vitelos bovinos em função da adição na dieta de probiótico composto por Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus faecium e Sacharomyces cerevisae. Foram utilizados 14 bezerros mestiços Holandês-Zebu, distribuídos em blocos, de acordo com o peso ao nascer, nos tratamentos, leite integral e leite integral adicionado de probiótico. A alimentação foi constituída exclusivamente por leite integral. Os animais foram pesados quinzenalmente do nascimento ao abate, entre 160 e 190 kg de peso vivo. Avaliou-se o ganho de peso diário, consumo de matéria seca, conversão alimentar, rendimento da carcaça, escore fecal e análise sensorial da carne. Os resultados foram interpretados por análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de F e os valores médios semanais de escore fecal foram analisados por análise não-paramétrica utilizando o teste de Wilcoxon. Na análise sensorial não foram observadas diferenças entre tratamentos, e os resultados indicaram coloração clara, compatível com a cor vermelha desejada pelo mercado. Os resultados do ganho diário de peso vivo, conversão alimentar e peso e rendimento da carcaça dos animais para ambos os tratamentos foram de 892 e 945 g; 1,41 e 1,30; 90,9 e 98,8 kg; e 57,1 e 58,3%, respectivamente, para animais alimentados com leite integral e leite mais probiótico (p >; 0,05)

Antihyperglycemic effect of Passiflora glandulosa cav. fruit rinds flour in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice

Objective: To investigate the effect of administration of Passiflora glandulosa (P. glandulosa) fruit rinds flour on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Methods: The preliminary phytochemical screening and parameters such as centesimal composition and brine shrimp toxicity were evaluated. For in vivo study Swiss female mice were divided into four groups: NC-normal control; DC-diabetic control animals receiving saline; MET-diabetic animals receiving metformin (200 mg/kg); PFRF-diabetic animals receiving P. glandulosa fruit rinds flour (200 mg/kg). All of them were treated for 28 d. STZ was used in a single dose of 120 mg/kg to establish diabetic models. Body weight, water and food intake, fasting blood glucose were measured. Histopathological analysis of pancreas and liver were performed to evaluate STZ-induced tissue injuries. Results: Phytochemical screening showed the presence of flavanones and triterpenoids. The P. glandulosa fruit rinds flour was non-toxic by the brine shrimp test. The fruit rinds flour also reduced the loss of body weight and significantly decreased food intake in the diabetic mice. Additionally, a significant reduction in blood glucose was observed for 15 d and this was maintained on 21 d and 28 d when compared with diabetic mice. Furthermore, the P. glandulosa fruit rinds flour has a favourable effect on the histopathological changes of the pancreas in STZ induced diabetes. Conclusions: It is concluded that P. glandulosa fruit rinds flour is a natural product that contains potent antioxidant compounds and presents good prospects for the improvement of diabetic mellitus by reducing serum glucose levels

Probiotic Propionibacterium freudenreichii requires SlpB protein to mitigate mucositis induced by chemotherapy

Propionibacterium freudenreichii CIRM-BIA 129 (P. freudenreichii wild type, WT) is a probiotic bacterium, which exerts immunomodulatory effects. This strain possesses extractable surface proteins, including SlpB, which are involved in antiinflammatory effect and in adhesion to epithelial cells. We decided to investigate the impact of slpB gene mutation on immunomodulation in vitro and in vivo. In an in vitro assay, P. freudenreichii WT reduced expression of IL-8 (p<0.0001) and TNF-α (p<0.0001) cytokines in LPS-stimulated HT-29 cells. P. freudenreichii ΔslpB, lacking the SlpB protein, failed to do so. Subsequently, both strains were investigated in vivo in a 5-FU-induced mucositis mice model. Mucositis is a common side effect of cytotoxic chemotherapy with 5-FU, characterized by mucosal injury, inflammation, diarrhea, and weight loss. The WT strain prevented weight loss, reduced inflammation and consequently histopathological scores. Furthermore, it regulated key markers, including Claudin-1 (cld1, p<0.0005) and IL-17a (Il17a, p<0.0001) genes, as well as IL-12 (p<0.0001) and IL-1β (p<0.0429) cytokines levels. Mutant strain displayed opposite regulatory effect on cld1 expression and on IL-12 levels. This work emphasizes the importance of SlpB in P. freudenreichii ability to reduce mucositis inflammation. It opens perspectives for the development of probiotic products to decrease side effects of chemotherapy using GRAS bacteria with immunomodulatory surface protein properties