Model of strategy control for delayed panic spread in emergencies

In emergencies similar to virus spreading in an epidemic model, panic can spread in groups, which brings serious bad effects to society. To explore the transmission mechanism and decision-making behavior of panic, a government strategy was proposed in this paper to control the spread of panic. First, based on the SEIR epidemiological model, considering the delay effect between susceptible and exposed individuals and taking the infection rate of panic as a time-varying variable, a SEIR delayed panic spread model was established and the basic regeneration number of the proposed model was calculated. Second, the control strategy was expressed as a state delayed feedback and solved using the exact linearization method of nonlinear control system; the control law for the system was determined, and its stability was proven. The aim was to eradicate panic from the group so that the recovered group tracks the whole group asymptotically. Finally, we simulated the proposed strategy of controlling the spread of panic to illustrate our theoretical results

Disulfide Bond Formation and N-Glycosylation Modulate Protein-Protein Interactions in GPI-Transamidase (GPIT)

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) transamidase (GPIT), the enzyme that attaches GPI anchors to proteins as they enter the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum, is a membrane-bound hetero-pentameric complex consisting of Gpi8, Gpi16, Gaa1, Gpi17 and Gab1. Here, we expressed and purified the luminal domain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) Gpi8 using different expression systems, and examined its interaction with insect cell expressed luminal domain of S. cerevisiae Gpi16. We found that the N-terminal caspase-like domain of Gpi8 forms a disulfide-linked dimer, which is strengthened by N-glycosylation. The non-core domain of Gpi8 following the caspase-like domain inhibits this dimerization. In contrast to the previously reported disulfide linkage between Gpi8 and Gpi16 in human and trypanosome GPIT, our data show that the luminal domains of S. cerevisiae Gpi8 and S. cerevisiae Gpi16 do not interact directly, nor do they form a disulfide bond in the intact S. cerevisiae GPIT. Our data suggest that subunit interactions within the GPIT complex from different species may vary, a feature that should be taken into account in future structural and functional studies

MicroRNA and transcription factor co-regulatory network analysis reveals miR-19 inhibits CYLD in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia

T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive hematological malignancy. The understanding of its gene expression regulation and molecular mechanisms still remains elusive. Started from experimentally verified T-ALL-related miRNAs and genes, we obtained 120 feed-forward loops (FFLs) among T-ALL-related genes, miRNAs and TFs through combining target prediction. Afterwards, a T-ALL miRNA and TF co-regulatory network was constructed, and its significance was tested by statistical methods. Four miRNAs in the miR-17–92 cluster and four important genes (CYLD, HOXA9, BCL2L11 and RUNX1) were found as hubs in the network. Particularly, we found that miR-19 was highly expressed in T-ALL patients and cell lines. Ectopic expression of miR-19 represses CYLD expression, while miR-19 inhibitor treatment induces CYLD protein expression and decreases NF-κB expression in the downstream signaling pathway. Thus, miR-19, CYLD and NF-κB form a regulatory FFL, which provides new clues for sustained activation of NF-κB in T-ALL. Taken together, we provided the first miRNA-TF co-regulatory network in T-ALL and proposed a model to demonstrate the roles of miR-19 and CYLD in the T-cell leukemogenesis. This study may provide potential therapeutic targets for T-ALL and shed light on combining bioinformatics with experiments in the research of complex diseases

Panic Spreading Model with Different Emotions under Emergency

Emotion plays an important role in decision making. In an emergency, panic can spread among crowds through person-to-person communications and can cause harmful effects on society. The aim of this paper is to propose a new theoretical model in the context of epidemiology to describe the spread of panic under an emergency. First, according to divisions in personality in the context of psychology, groups are divided into a level-headed group and an impatient group. Second, individuals in the two groups have unique personalities. Thus, the level-headed group only infects within the group, while the impatient group considers emotional infection within the group and cross infection between the groups. Then, a nonlinear infection rate is used to describe the probability of infection after an infected person contacts a susceptible person, which is more in line with the real situation. After that, the level-headed group–impatient group nonlinear SIRS panic spreading model is developed. Stable analysis of the model is obtained using the Lyapunov function method to study the stability of the panic-free equilibrium and panic-permanence equilibrium. Finally, simulations are carried out to dynamically describe the spread process of group emotional contagion

A Strategy Adaptive Evolution Approach Based on the Public Goods Game

Cluster behavior is prevalent in nature. Many individuals change their behavior to adapt to a dynamically changing environment by following simple rules of behavior and interacting with information from neighboring individuals. In this study, the traditional public goods game model is improved by combining the advantages of game theory and interactive learning. A strategy adaptive evolution method based on a public goods game is proposed. The emergence of cooperative behavior in weighted networks under the co-evolution of game strategies and node weights is explored in conjunction with multi-agent interactive learning. The results show that in a public goods game with strategic adaptation, a person’s influence becomes greater if their level of adaptation exceeds the desired level, and less otherwise. This weight adjustment is defined by the intensity parameter δ. A moderate δ value can effectively facilitate the occurrence of cooperative evolution. The level of cooperation depends mainly on the weight distribution of participants, which leads to the formation of cooperative clusters controlled by high-weighted cooperators. Even with the great temptation to defect, these cooperators can prevail over defectors. The adjustment of node weights increases the heterogeneity of individuals. This research provides a viable pathway to solve social dilemmas and will further promote the application of multi-agent intelligent decision making

Venetoclax Combined with Hypomethylating Agents for Treatment-Naïve B/Myeloid Mixed Phenotype Acute Leukemia

Mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL) is a rare hematological malignancy that lacks consensus on optimal management. We report for the first time two cases of treatment-naïve B/myeloid MPAL patients treated with a novel chemo-free regimen using venetoclax combined with hypomethylating agents, which successfully induced complete remission with tolerable toxicities

The different immunoregulatory functions of mesenchymal stem cells in patients with low-risk or high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes.

Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) are a group of progressive, clonal, neoplastic bone marrow disorders characterized by hematopoietic stem cell dysregulation and abnormalities in the immune system. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have gained further interests after the demonstration of an immunoregulatory role. Nevertheless, the immunoregulatory function of MDS bone marrow derived MSC (MDS-MSC) remains poorly defined. In addition, it is not clear whether there are differences in the regulatory functions between low-risk and high-risk MDS-MSC. In this study, we obtain and expand MSC from bone marrow of patients with MDS. Our results show that there are significant differences in the immunoregulatory functions between low-risk and high-risk MDS-MSC. Compare to low-risk MDS-MSC, high-risk MDS-MSC is associated with the presence of increased TGF-β1, higher apoptosis, higher immunosuppressive rate and a poor ability of hematopoietic support. In addition, our results find that there are great differences in the CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Tregs inducible rate between high-risk MDS-MSC and low-risk MDS-MSC. Compared to high-risk MDS-MSC, the inducible rate of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Tregs of low-risk MDS-MSC is lower. At last, we find that MDS-MSC derived TGF-β1 is largely responsible for the increase in CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Tregs based on knockdown studies. These results elucidate the different immunoregulatory role of MSC in low-risk and high-risk MDS, which may be important for understand the pathogenesis of MDS and the development of novel immunomodulatory strategies for the treatment of MDS

Involvement of the arachidonic acid cytochrome P450 epoxygenase pathway in the proliferation and invasion of human multiple myeloma cells

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) epoxygenases and the metabolites epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) exert multiple biological effects in various malignancies. We have previously found EETs to be secreted by multiple myeloma (MM) cells and to be involved in MM angiogenesis, but the role of the arachidonic acid cytochrome P450 epoxygenase pathway in the proliferation and mobility of MM cells remains unknown. In the present study, we found that MM cell lines generated detectable levels of 11,12-EET/14,15-EET and that increased levels of EETs were found in the serum of MM patients compared to healthy donors. The addition of exogenous EETs induced significantly enhanced proliferation of MM cells, whereas 17-octadecynoic acid (17-ODYA), an inhibitor of the CYP epoxygenase pathway, inhibited the viability and proliferation of MM cells. Moreover, this inhibitory effect could be successfully reversed by exogenous EETs. 17-ODYA also inhibited the motility of MM cells in a time-dependent manner, with a reduction of the gelatinolytic activity and protein expression of the matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2 and MMP-9. These results suggest the CYP epoxygenase pathway to be involved in the proliferation and invasion of MM cells, for which 17-ODYA could be a promising therapeutic drug

An evolutionary band-limited Gaussian noise jamming algorithm for LMS-based GPS

In this paper, evolutionary algorithm is used to optimize the flicker function of band-limited Gaussian noise interference, which disturbs the convergence of adaptive algorithm based on LMS in GPS receiver, so that the average null depth of GPS receiver under equal power is lower, and better jamming effect is achieved. The simulation results show that the jamming algorithm in this paper has better jamming effect than the band-limited Gaussian noise jamming in different jamming quantity