MiniSeg: An Extremely Minimum Network for Efficient COVID-19 Segmentation

The rapid spread of the new pandemic, i.e., COVID-19, has severely threatened global health. Deep-learning-based computer-aided screening, e.g., COVID-19 infected CT area segmentation, has attracted much attention. However, the publicly available COVID-19 training data are limited, easily causing overfitting for traditional deep learning methods that are usually data-hungry with millions of parameters. On the other hand, fast training/testing and low computational cost are also necessary for quick deployment and development of COVID-19 screening systems, but traditional deep learning methods are usually computationally intensive. To address the above problems, we propose MiniSeg, a lightweight deep learning model for efficient COVID-19 segmentation. Compared with traditional segmentation methods, MiniSeg has several significant strengths: i) it only has 83K parameters and is thus not easy to overfit; ii) it has high computational efficiency and is thus convenient for practical deployment; iii) it can be fast retrained by other users using their private COVID-19 data for further improving performance. In addition, we build a comprehensive COVID-19 segmentation benchmark for comparing MiniSeg to traditional methods

Design and Implementation of an Intelligent Water Regime Detection System

An intelligent water regime detection system was designed for water detection. In the designed system, water level is detected by a pressure sensor and water pH is detected by a pH meter. After being processed by the AD chip TLC2543, the data are sent to the MCU via serial communication and the detection result is displayed on OLED screen or Bluetooth mobile phone. The software adopts time-sharing and power-down operation modes, and combines the relay to turn on/off the MCU peripheral circuit to reduce power consumption. The measurement deviations of water level, pH, and voltage were respectively less than 2 mm, 0.1, and 0.01 V and the minimum operating current was less than 6 mA. The low-power, high-precision and intelligent water regime detection is realized by the designed system

Logistic regression analysis of clinical and computed tomography features of pulmonary abscesses and risk factors for pulmonary abscess-related empyema

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to investigate the risk factors for pulmonary abscess-related empyema by investigating the clinical characteristics and chest computed tomography imaging features of patients with pulmonary abscesses. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the chest computed tomography findings and clinical features of 101 cases of pulmonary abscess, including 25 cases with empyema (the experimental group) and 76 cases with no empyema (the control group). The potential risk factors for pulmonary abscess-related empyema were compared between the groups by using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: The incidence of pulmonary abscess-related empyema was 24.8% (25/101). Univariate analysis showed that male gender, diabetes, pleuritic symptoms, white blood cells 410 109 /L, albumin level o25 g/L, and positive sputum cultures were potential clinical-related risk factors and that an abscess 45 cm in diameter and transpulmonary fissure abscesses were potential computed tomography imaging-related risk factors for pulmonary abscess-related empyema. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that transpulmonary fissure abscesses (odds ratio=9.102, p=0.003), diabetes (odds ratio=9.066, p=0.003), an abscess 45 cm in diameter (odds ratio=8.998, p=0.002), and pleuritic symptoms (odds ratio=5.395, p=0.015) were independent risk factors for pulmonary abscess-related empyema. CONCLUSIONS: Transpulmonary fissure abscesses, diabetes, giant pulmonary abscesses, and pleuritic symptoms increased the risk of empyema among patients with pulmonary abscesses

Distinguishing two-component anomalous Hall effect from topological Hall effect in magnetic topological insulator MnBi2Te4

In transport, the topological Hall effect (THE) is widely interpreted as a sign of chiral spin textures, like magnetic skyrmions. However, the co-existence of two anomalous Hall effects (AHE) could give rise to similar non-monotonic features or "humps", making it difficult to distinguish between the two. Here we demonstrate that the "artifact" two-component anomalous Hall effect can be clearly distinguished from the genuine topological Hall effect by three methods: 1. Minor loops 2. Temperature dependence 3. Gate dependence. One of the minor loops is a single loop that cannot fit into the full AHE loop under the assumption of AHE+THE. In addition, by increasing the temperature or tuning the gate bias, the emergence of humps is accompanied by a polarity change of the AHE. Using these three methods, one can find the humps are from another AHE loop with a different polarity. Our material is a magnetic topological insulator MnBi2Te4 grown by molecular beam epitaxy, where the presence of the secondary phase MnTe2 on the surface contributes to the extra positive AHE component. Our work may help future researchers to exercise cautions and use these three methods to examine carefully in order to ascertain genuine topological Hall effect

Spatiotemporal transcriptomic atlas of mouse organogenesis using DNA nanoball-patterned arrays.

Spatially resolved transcriptomic technologies are promising tools to study complex biological processes such as mammalian embryogenesis. However, the imbalance between resolution, gene capture, and field of view of current methodologies precludes their systematic application to analyze relatively large and three-dimensional mid- and late-gestation embryos. Here, we combined DNA nanoball (DNB)-patterned arrays and in situ RNA capture to create spatial enhanced resolution omics-sequencing (Stereo-seq). We applied Stereo-seq to generate the mouse organogenesis spatiotemporal transcriptomic atlas (MOSTA), which maps with single-cell resolution and high sensitivity the kinetics and directionality of transcriptional variation during mouse organogenesis. We used this information to gain insight into the molecular basis of spatial cell heterogeneity and cell fate specification in developing tissues such as the dorsal midbrain. Our panoramic atlas will facilitate in-depth investigation of longstanding questions concerning normal and abnormal mammalian development.This work is part of the ‘‘SpatioTemporal Omics Consortium’’ (STOC) paper package. A list of STOC members is available at: http://sto-consortium.org. We would like to thank the MOTIC China Group, Rongqin Ke (Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China), Jiazuan Ni (Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China), Wei Huang (Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China), and Jonathan S. Weissman (Whitehead Institute, Boston, USA) for their help. This work was supported by the grant of Top Ten Foundamental Research Institutes of Shenzhen, the Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Single-Cell Omics (ZDSYS20190902093613831), and the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write (2017B030301011); Longqi Liu was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31900466) and Miguel A. Esteban’s laboratory at the Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA16030502), National Natural Science Foundation of China (92068106), and the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2021B1515120075).S

The Incipiency of the Socialist Movement of Taiwan and it’s Discussion around Capitalism (1920~1924)

這是一篇關於國際社會主義運動如何在殖民地出現的案例研究。殖民地台灣的社會主義者在島內外所發起或參與的持續性組織化活動、最終所形成的組織，以及在組織過程中圍繞著台灣資本主義發展問題而形成的論述或討論，則是本研究的對象。本文認為，台灣社會主義運動初期的發展以無政府主義與共產主義（布爾什維主義）的關係為主軸。隨著共產主義勢力的日漸上升，陸續出現以資本主義階級分化為主題的台灣資本主義論述、以及具有共產國際色彩的路線討論。本文並認為，存在於中國國民革命內部的緊張關係──政治革命對社會革命、民眾運動對武裝鬥爭、民主主義革命對社會主義革命、先鋒隊對統一戰線──是研究台灣社會主義運動史時不可或缺的參照系。This is a case study exploring how international socialist movement emerged in a colonized society. The constantly organized activities which socialists in the colonized Taiwan called into action and participated in, the organizations which came into existence as the results of these activities, and the discourses and discussions developed from questions concerning the development of Taiwanese capitalism through this period will be examined in the study. This thesis considers that the relation between Anarchism and Communism (Bolshevism) played a critical role in the early stage of Taiwanese socialist movement. As the Communist force got stronger, there came along the discourses on Taiwanese capitalism on the basis of class differentiation along with the discussion on political lines from the perspective of Comintern. Furthermore, this thesis assumes that tensions within the Chinese National Revolution - political revolution vs. social revolution, people''s movement vs. arms struggle, democratic revolution vs. socialist revolution, Communist avant-garde vs. united fronts - are integral parts of the study of Taiwanese socialist movement history.口試委員會審定書　i文摘要　iii文摘要　iii　例　v　錄　vii　論：把握社會主義運動史的方法　1　言、從一個關於台灣議會設置請願運動的討論談起　1　第一節、「台灣」「社會主義」「運動」「史」　3　第二節、「1920~1924」　7　第三節、當憤怒不只出詩人――台灣社會主義運動及其「資本主義論」的關係　9　第四節、章節安排與研究的展開　12一章、山口小靜的生與死　15　第一節、山口小靜：自東京走上社會主義道路　15　第二節、融入島內社會運動的山口小靜　20　第三節、花蕾落地　25二章：島內社會運動中的社會主義萌芽　29　引　言：路線對立中的蔣渭水　29　第一節、帶有社會主義色彩的「台灣第一號政治結社」：新台灣聯盟　31　第二節、從「馬克斯研究會」到社會問題研究會　35　第三節、時代問題：資本主義化　40　第四節、結論　47三章、台灣無政府主義者的活動　53　引　言、黃玉齋的《台灣革命史》　53　第一節、台灣的無政府主義起源：東京與北京　55　第二節、難獲「共鳴」：長期獨行的范本梁　62　第三節、時代問題：「政權」　67　第四節、結論　71四章、台灣社會主義運動的首次組織化　75　引　言：上海的兩個祕密集會：1921　年7　月　75　第一節：上海的複雜背景　77　第二節、平社與《平平旬刊》：無政府主義與共產主義的兼容與分裂　85　第三節、時代問題：如何面對請願運動的變局　92　第四節、結論　96五章、資本主義論與革命性質的抉擇――兩岸社會主義者的首次對話　99　引　言：從彰化通向莫斯科的道路　99　第一節、許乃昌與瞿秋白的對話　101　第二節、許、瞿對話所可能具有的多重面向111　第三節、結論　120六章、資本主義論的限制――從歷史建構能力出發的考察　125　引　言、舊雨來，今雨不來　125　第一節、「革命史」歷史建構：台灣社會主義運動史中的「國民革命」　127　第二節、中國「革命史」歷史建構的開端：重評義和團運動　132　第三節、結論　140　語、其實地上本沒有路　147　第一節、台灣社會主義運動起源問題的總結　149　第二節、台灣社會主義者對於台灣資本主義的看法以及革命性質的判斷　151　第三節、通向1927　年的道路　154　波：「蠹魚」的旅行日記――1924　年連溫卿的赴日之行　161　引　言、連溫卿史料的保存與翻譯的狀況　161　第一節、〈蠹魚的旅行日記〉文獻解題　162　第二節、向著五一節的東京而去的蠹魚　164　第三節、為了與山川夫婦的見面　169　錄　177　附錄3-1：〈謹迎新春〉明信片全文考證版　179　附錄3-2：〈華北臺灣人大會之宣言――為台灣民選議會請願團被拘〉全文考證版　180　附錄4-1：許乃昌，〈歐戰後的中國思想界〉　182　附錄5-1：許乃昌，〈台灣議會與無產階級解放〉　184　附錄6-1：謝廉清的「反帝大聯盟」文獻　187　191　表2-1：治警事件前夕，文協與島內相關團體、核心幹部　193　表2-2：〈蠹魚的旅行日記〉結構簡表　194　表2-3：〈蠹魚的旅行日記〉與連溫卿後續文章之關係略表　195　表3-1：范本梁的人際關係網　196　表3-2：新台灣（創刊號－第三號）目錄　198　表3-2：《台灣新青年》創刊號目錄　200　表4-1：關於《平平旬刊》聯絡人及聯絡處的記載　201　表4-2：《平平旬刊》目錄　201　表4-3：「平平同人」資料考證略表　204　表4-4：1924　年前後上海台灣人諸組織的活動簡表　208　表4-5：「表4-4」簡示　211　表4-6：各種組織及刊物的中文、英文、俄文名稱對照表　212　表4-7：許乃昌所謂的十三名台灣左翼積極份子（對照表4-6）　213　表4-8：上海各事件、組織的關係人列表（以1924　年上海為中心）　　215　表5-1：社會主義路線內的的兩條路線　218　表6-1：謝廉清在《台灣民報》所發表的文章列表　219　表6-2：反帝國主義大聯盟編，《反帝國主義》（武昌：時中合作書社，1926）目錄　219要參考文獻　221　23

Design and Implementation of an Intelligent Water Regime Detection System

An intelligent water regime detection system was designed for water detection. In the designed system, water level is detected by a pressure sensor and water pH is detected by a pH meter. After being processed by the AD chip TLC2543, the data are sent to the MCU via serial communication and the detection result is displayed on OLED screen or Bluetooth mobile phone. The software adopts time-sharing and power-down operation modes, and combines the relay to turn on/off the MCU peripheral circuit to reduce power consumption. The measurement deviations of water level, pH, and voltage were respectively less than 2 mm, 0.1, and 0.01 V and the minimum operating current was less than 6 mA. The low-power, high-precision and intelligent water regime detection is realized by the designed system

Review of Artificial Intelligence Adversarial Attack and Defense Technologies

In recent years, artificial intelligence technologies have been widely used in computer vision, natural language processing, automatic driving, and other fields. However, artificial intelligence systems are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, which limit the applications of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in key security fields. Therefore, improving the robustness of AI systems against adversarial attacks has played an increasingly important role in the further development of AI. This paper aims to comprehensively summarize the latest research progress on adversarial attack and defense technologies in deep learning. According to the target model’s different stages where the adversarial attack occurred, this paper expounds the adversarial attack methods in the training stage and testing stage respectively. Then, we sort out the applications of adversarial attack technologies in computer vision, natural language processing, cyberspace security, and the physical world. Finally, we describe the existing adversarial defense methods respectively in three main categories, i.e., modifying data, modifying models and using auxiliary tools