Aesthetically Relevant Image Captioning

Image aesthetic quality assessment (AQA) aims to assign numerical aesthetic ratings to images whilst image aesthetic captioning (IAC) aims to generate textual descriptions of the aesthetic aspects of images. In this paper, we study image AQA and IAC together and present a new IAC method termed Aesthetically Relevant Image Captioning (ARIC). Based on the observation that most textual comments of an image are about objects and their interactions rather than aspects of aesthetics, we first introduce the concept of Aesthetic Relevance Score (ARS) of a sentence and have developed a model to automatically label a sentence with its ARS. We then use the ARS to design the ARIC model which includes an ARS weighted IAC loss function and an ARS based diverse aesthetic caption selector (DACS). We present extensive experimental results to show the soundness of the ARS concept and the effectiveness of the ARIC model by demonstrating that texts with higher ARS's can predict the aesthetic ratings more accurately and that the new ARIC model can generate more accurate, aesthetically more relevant and more diverse image captions. Furthermore, a large new research database containing 510K images with over 5 million comments and 350K aesthetic scores, and code for implementing ARIC are available at https://github.com/PengZai/ARIC.Comment: Aceepted by AAAI2023. Code and results available at https://github.com/PengZai/ARI

A Multigrid Multilevel Monte Carlo Method for Stokes–Darcy Model with Random Hydraulic Conductivity and Beavers–Joseph Condition

A multigrid multilevel Monte Carlo (MGMLMC) method is developed for the stochastic Stokes–Darcy interface model with random hydraulic conductivity both in the porous media domain and on the interface. Three interface conditions with randomness are considered on the interface between Stokes and Darcy equations, especially the Beavers–Joesph interface condition with random hydraulic conductivity. Because the randomness through the interface affects the flow in the Stokes domain, we investigate the coupled stochastic Stokes–Darcy model to improve the fidelity. Under suitable assumptions on the random coefficient, we prove the existence and uniqueness of the weak solution of the variational form. To construct the numerical method, we first adopt the Monte Carlo (MC) method and finite element method, for the discretization in the probability space and physical space, respectively. In order to improve the efficiency of the classical single-level Monte Carlo (SLMC) method, we adopt the multilevel Monte Carlo (MLMC) method to dramatically reduce the computational cost in the probability space. A strategy is developed to calculate the number of samples needed in MLMC method for the stochastic Stokes–Darcy model. In order to accomplish the strategy for MLMC method, we also present a practical method to determine the variance convergence rate for the stochastic Stokes–Darcy model with Beavers–Joseph interface condition. Furthermore, MLMC method naturally provides the hierarchical grids and sufficient information on these grids for multigrid (MG) method, which can in turn improve the efficiency of MLMC method. In order to fully make use of the dynamical interaction between these two methods, we propose a multigrid multilevel Monte Carlo (MGMLMC) method with finite element discretization for more efficiently solving the stochastic model, while additional attention is paid to the interface and the random Beavers–Joesph interface condition. The computational cost of the proposed MGMLMC method is rigorously analyzed and compared with the SLMC method. Numerical examples are provided to verify and illustrate the proposed method and the theoretical conclusions

Cooperator driven oscillation in a time-delayed feedback-evolving game

Considering feedback of collective actions of cooperation on common resources has vital importance to reach sustainability. But such efforts may have not immediate consequence on the state of environment and it is unclear how they influence the strategic and environmental dynamics with feedbacks. To address this issue, we construct a feedback-evolving game model in which we consider the growth capacity of resources and the punishment efficiency on defectors who do not provide returns to the environment. Importantly, we further assume a delay in adopting the contribution of cooperative individuals to environmental change in our model. We find that when this contribution amount from cooperators' endowment is fixed, the time delay has no particular consequence on the coevolutionary dynamics. However, when the return is proportional to their endowment, then the time delay can induce periodic oscillatory dynamics of cooperation level and environment. Our work reveals the potential effects of time delay of cooperative actions on the coevolutionary dynamics in strategic interactions with environmental feedback

Integrated multi-omics of the gastrointestinal microbiome and ruminant host reveals metabolic adaptation underlying early life development

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Application simulation of a resistive type superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) in a transmission and wind power system

Due to the increased fault-level currents, superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) is more likely to penetrate into a low voltage and medium voltage transmission network to improve their stability and lower the electric devices capacity. Therefore it is important to model a SFCL in power system to analyze its performance and study its characteristics. In this paper, a simulation model for a resistive type SFCL consisted of YBCO tapes is developed using Matlab/Simulink software. This model will take into account SFCL's internal electromagnetic behavior by coupling its internal resistance and the current density characteristics based on the E-J power law. Finally, the SFCL simulation model is applied in a transmission and a wind farm power grid, respectively. Different fault limiting scenarios are investigated and the results show that the SFCL is effective in limiting fault currents with a maximum of 50% in transmission lines, particularly for wind farm networks

Effect of vineyard soil variability on chlorophyll fluorescence, yield and quality of table grape as influenced by soil moisture, grown under double cropping system in protected condition

Environmental factors greatly influence grape quality. Among them, the effect of within-vineyard variability of soil in relation to soil moisture on table grape under protected condition has rarely been studied. In this present research, we investigated the influence of soil variability, in relation with soil moisture on chlorophyll fluorescence, yield and quality attributes of the “Summer Black” (Vitis vinifera L. × V. labruscana L.) table grape, popularly grown under double cropping system in protected covering in the southern part of China. The vineyard was divided vertically into three sites (lower, middle and upper, 192, 202 and 212 m above sea level, respectively) and data on soil moisture and other yield and quality parameters were recorded. Among the three vineyard sites, middle site resulted in higher yield compared to the upper and lower sites during winter and summer cropping cycles. However, compared to regular summer cycle, winter cycle provided grapevines with higher quality attributes. Polyphasic OJIP fluorescence transient exhibited a considerable increase in fluorescence intensity at J, I and P phase in the upper and middle sites compared to the lower site due to variation in soil moisture in both seasons. Values of fluorescence parameters including minimal fluorescence, relative variable fluorescence at phase J and I, the maximal quantum yield of photosystem II were also influenced by soil moisture in different sites. Different sites also exhibited a significant difference in total phenolics, flavonoid, antioxidant activity and individual anthocyanin which was influenced by available soil moisture. The present study shows that chlorophyll fluorescence OJIP transient can be used as a sensitive indicator to determine the moisture stress in grape grown in a varied soil. Double cropping proved to be a powerful technique to improve the fruit quality. This result may be useful for the table grape growers to better utilize the vineyard soil variability with water management to get higher yield and quality table grape under protected condition