18 research outputs found
Bidirectional Propagation for Cross-Modal 3D Object Detection
Recent works have revealed the superiority of feature-level fusion for
cross-modal 3D object detection, where fine-grained feature propagation from 2D
image pixels to 3D LiDAR points has been widely adopted for performance
improvement. Still, the potential of heterogeneous feature propagation between
2D and 3D domains has not been fully explored. In this paper, in contrast to
existing pixel-to-point feature propagation, we investigate an opposite
point-to-pixel direction, allowing point-wise features to flow inversely into
the 2D image branch. Thus, when jointly optimizing the 2D and 3D streams, the
gradients back-propagated from the 2D image branch can boost the representation
ability of the 3D backbone network working on LiDAR point clouds. Then,
combining pixel-to-point and point-to-pixel information flow mechanisms, we
construct an bidirectional feature propagation framework, dubbed BiProDet. In
addition to the architectural design, we also propose normalized local
coordinates map estimation, a new 2D auxiliary task for the training of the 2D
image branch, which facilitates learning local spatial-aware features from the
image modality and implicitly enhances the overall 3D detection performance.
Extensive experiments and ablation studies validate the effectiveness of our
method. Notably, we rank on the highly competitive
KITTI benchmark on the cyclist class by the time of submission. The source code
is available at https://github.com/Eaphan/BiProDet.Comment: Accepted by ICLR2023. Code is avaliable at
https://github.com/Eaphan/BiProDe
GLENet: Boosting 3D Object Detectors with Generative Label Uncertainty Estimation
The inherent ambiguity in ground-truth annotations of 3D bounding boxes
caused by occlusions, signal missing, or manual annotation errors can confuse
deep 3D object detectors during training, thus deteriorating the detection
accuracy. However, existing methods overlook such issues to some extent and
treat the labels as deterministic. In this paper, we formulate the label
uncertainty problem as the diversity of potentially plausible bounding boxes of
objects, then propose GLENet, a generative framework adapted from conditional
variational autoencoders, to model the one-to-many relationship between a
typical 3D object and its potential ground-truth bounding boxes with latent
variables. The label uncertainty generated by GLENet is a plug-and-play module
and can be conveniently integrated into existing deep 3D detectors to build
probabilistic detectors and supervise the learning of the localization
uncertainty. Besides, we propose an uncertainty-aware quality estimator
architecture in probabilistic detectors to guide the training of IoU-branch
with predicted localization uncertainty. We incorporate the proposed methods
into various popular base 3D detectors and demonstrate significant and
consistent performance gains on both KITTI and Waymo benchmark datasets.
Especially, the proposed GLENet-VR outperforms all published LiDAR-based
approaches by a large margin and ranks among single-modal methods on
the challenging KITTI test set. We will make the source code and pre-trained
models publicly available
Generalized Category Discovery in Semantic Segmentation
This paper explores a novel setting called Generalized Category Discovery in
Semantic Segmentation (GCDSS), aiming to segment unlabeled images given prior
knowledge from a labeled set of base classes. The unlabeled images contain
pixels of the base class or novel class. In contrast to Novel Category
Discovery in Semantic Segmentation (NCDSS), there is no prerequisite for prior
knowledge mandating the existence of at least one novel class in each unlabeled
image. Besides, we broaden the segmentation scope beyond foreground objects to
include the entire image. Existing NCDSS methods rely on the aforementioned
priors, making them challenging to truly apply in real-world situations. We
propose a straightforward yet effective framework that reinterprets the GCDSS
challenge as a task of mask classification. Additionally, we construct a
baseline method and introduce the Neighborhood Relations-Guided Mask Clustering
Algorithm (NeRG-MaskCA) for mask categorization to address the fragmentation in
semantic representation. A benchmark dataset, Cityscapes-GCD, derived from the
Cityscapes dataset, is established to evaluate the GCDSS framework. Our method
demonstrates the feasibility of the GCDSS problem and the potential for
discovering and segmenting novel object classes in unlabeled images. We employ
the generated pseudo-labels from our approach as ground truth to supervise the
training of other models, thereby enabling them with the ability to segment
novel classes. It paves the way for further research in generalized category
discovery, broadening the horizons of semantic segmentation and its
applications. For details, please visit https://github.com/JethroPeng/GCDS
Phytophthora Root Rot Resistance in Soybean E00003
Phytophthora root rot (PRR) is a devastating disease in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production. Michigan elite soybean E00003 is resistant to Phytophthora sojae and has been used as a resistance source in breeding. Genetic control of PRR resistance in this source is unknown. To facilitate marker-assisted selection (MAS), the PRR resistance loci in E00003 and their map locations need to be determined. In this study, a genetic mapping approach was used to identify major PRR -resistant loci in E00003. The mapping population consists of 240 F4–derived lines developed by crossing E00003 with the P. sojae susceptible line PI 567543C. In 2009 and 2010, the mapping population was evaluated in the greenhouse for PRR resistance against P. sojae races 1, 4, and 7, using modified rice (Oryza sativa L.) grain inoculation method. The population was genotyped with seven simple sequence repeat (SSR) and three single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers derived from bulk segregant analysis. The heritability of resistance in the population ranged from 83 to 94%. A major locus, contributing 50 to 76% of the phenotypic variation, was mapped within a 3 cM interval in the Rps1 region. The interval was further saturated with more BARCSOY SSRs and SNPs with TaqMan assays. Two SSRs and three SNPs within the Rps1k gene were highly associated with PRR resistance in the mapping population. The major resistance gene in E00003 is either allelic or tightly linked to Rps1k.The molecular markers located in the Rps1k gene can be used to improve MAS for PRR resistance
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Identification and validation of candidate genes associated with domesticated and improved traits in soybean
Soybean, an important source of vegetable oils and proteins for humans, has undergone significant phenotypic changes during domestication and improvement. However, there is limited knowledge about genes related to these domesticated and improved traits, such as flowering time, seed development, alkaline-salt tolerance, and seed oil content (SOC). In this study, more than 106,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified by restriction site associated DNA sequencing of 14 wild, 153 landrace, and 119 bred soybean accessions, and 198 candidate domestication regions (CDRs) were identified via multiple genetic diversity analyses. Of the 1489 candidate domestication
genes (CDGs) within these CDRs, a total of 330 CDGs were
related to the above four traits in the domestication, gene ontology (GO) enrichment, gene expression, and pathway analyses. Eighteen, 60, 66, and 10 of the 330 CDGs were significantly associated with the above four traits, respectively. Of 134 traitassociated CDGs, 29 overlapped with previous CDGs, 11 were consistent with candidate genes in previous trait association studies, and 66 were covered by the domesticated and improved quantitative trait loci or their adjacent regions, having six common CDGs, such as one functionally characterized gene Glyma15 g17480 (GmZTL3). Of the 68 seed size (SS) and SOC CDGs, 37 were further confirmed by gene expression analysis. In addition, eight genes were found to be related to artificial selection
during modern breeding. Therefore, this study provides an
integrated method for efficiently identifying CDGs and valuable information for domestication and genetic research
Protein and mRNA expression of estradiol receptors during estrus in yaks (Bos grunniens)
ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to investigate mRNA by real-time PCR and protein expression by immunofluorescence of the estradiol receptors (ER) in the pineal gland, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and gonads of yaks (Bos grunniens). The analysis showed that the level of expression of ER mRNA was greater in the pituitary gland tissue than in other glands during estrus. Immunofluorescence analyses showed that ER proteins were located in the pineal cells, synaptic ribbon, and synaptic spherules of the pineal gland. In the hypothalamus, ER proteins were located in the magnocellular and parvocellular neurons. The ER proteins were located in acidophilic cells and basophilic cells in the pituitary gland. In the ovary, ER proteins were present in the ovarian follicle, corpus luteum and Leydig cells. Estradiol exerts its main effects on the pituitary gland during estrus in yak