Imaginaires de l'immense : Représentation des océans et du lointain à l'époque des grandes navigations chinoises et européennes

The main subject of the paper is the comparison between the Chinese and European navigations of the 15th and 16th centuries in literature. The study is about some well-known travellers such as Christopher Columbus, Jean de Lery and Vasco da Gama ; it is also about some underknown travellers such as André Thevet and Zheng He, Chinese navigator of the 15th century. The research is built on various Chinese and European paper works in the theme of great navigations. Both Columbus facing the "America" and Zheng He travelling in the countries of the "Western sea" experienced an impact of the unkown world. The people, the customs and the objects that they found in the new world turned out to be very different from what they had in their old world. For the first explorers, whoever they might be, what was the biggest shock that the discovery brought? During the time of great navigations, China and Europe were in very different situations. Their cultures were far from each other, even in a vacuum. Therefore the question is to know how they adapted their visions and thoughts to the image of the other in the unknown world.Le sujet principal de la thèse est la comparaison entre les voyages maritimes européens et chinois en littérature aux 15e et 16e siècle. Il s'agit des navigateurs et des voyageurs célèbres comme Christophe Colomb, Jean de Léry et Vasco de Gama ; et il s'agit tout de même de certains navigateurs méconnus en Europe, tels qu'André Thevet et un navigateur chinois nommé Zheng He. La recherche aboutit à rassembler un corpus européen et chinois sur la littérature maritime de l'époque des grandes navigations. Aussi bien Colomb face à l'« Amérique » que Zheng He dans les pays de l' « océan ouest » ont évolué dans un monde inconnu. Les populations, les usages et les objets qu'ils découvrent dans ce nouveau monde diffèrent de ceux qu'ils ont connus dans leur monde d'origine. Pour les premiers explorateurs du « Nouveau Monde », quel qu'il soit, quel impact mental avait la découverte ? Aux siècles des grandes navigations, les situations étaient très différentes en Europe et en Chine. Les cultures étaient éloignées, parfois étanches l'une à l'autre. La question est dès lors de savoir comment la pensée et la vision des uns et des autres s'accommodait de la figure de l'Autre

Regulation of MYC activity by post-translational modifications

MYC is a transcription factor that is often found deregulated in cancer. Post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation and ubiquitination, play important role in controlling MYC expression and activity. This thesis investigates the in vivo effect of the cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A)-regulated phosphorylation of MYC. Here, I find that phosphorylation of MYC at serine 62 (pS62MYC) recruits MYC to Lamin A/C-associated structures. In mouse model, CIP2A-mediated phosphorylation of MYC at S62 is connected to MYC-dependent initiation of proliferation, and support of intestinal regeneration in response to DNA damage. The study also identified ubiquitin protein ligase E3 component nrecognin 5 (UBR5) as a novel E3 ligase for MYC. UBR5 promotes MYC degradation by ubiquitination. Functionally, UBR5 defines MYC-dependent phenotypes both in normal and in cancer cells. In drosophila, inhibition of UBR5/HYD causes MYC-overgrowth of wing imaginal discs. In cancer cells, UBR5 keeps MYC expression level below the apoptotic priming threshold. Taken together, these results give us further understanding of the role of post-translational modifications in regulating MYC activity in normal tissue growth and regeneration, as well as in cancer.Post-translationaaliset modifikaatiot transkriptiotekijä MYC:in aktiivisuuden säätelyssä MYC on transkriptiotekijä. Tietyillä post-translationaalisilla modifikaatioilla,kuten fosforylaatiolla ja ubikitinylaatiolla on tärkeä rooli MYC:in ilmentymisen ja aktiivisuuden säätelyssä. Tässä väitöskirjatyössä tutkittiin CIP2A-välitteisen MYC-fosforylaation in vivovaikutuksia. Havaitsimme että MYC proteiniissa oleva seriini62 aminohapon fosforylaatio aikaansaa MYC:in kulkeutumisen tumakalvon lamiini A/C:ta sisältäviin rakenteisiin sekä soluviljelmissä että hiiren kudoksissa. Hiirimallissa CIP2A:n todettiin olevan välttämätön DNA-vaurion jälkeiselle MYC seriini-62:n fosforylaatiolle, joka puolestaan tarvittiin suolipoimujen solujen jakautumiseen sekä suolen epitteelin uudistumiseen. Tässä tutkimuksessa tehtiin myös uusi havainto siitä, että UBR5 toimii E3-ligaasina MYC:lle ja edistää MYC proteiinin hajoamista. UBR5 määrittää MYC-riippuvaisia fenotyyppejä sekä normaaleissa soluissa että syöpäsoluissa. Banaanikärpäsessä UBR5/ HYD-inhibitio aiheuttaa MYC:in välityksellä siipien imaginaalilevyjen epänormaalia kasvua in vivo. Syöpäsoluissa UBR5 säätelee MYC:in ilmentymistasoa siten, että solut eivät joudu apoptoosiin. Saadut tulokset lisäävät ymmärrystämme post-translationaalisten modifikaatioiden merkityksestä MYC:in aktiivisuuteen normaalien kudosten kasvussa ja syövässä

Detection of HC3_3N maser emission in NGC253

We report the detection of maser emission from the $J=4-3$ transition of HC$_3$N at 36.4~GHz towards the nearby starburst galaxy NGC253. This is the first detection of maser emission from this transition in either a Galactic or extragalactic source. The HC$_3$N maser emission has a brightness temperature in excess of 2500 K and is offset from the center of the galaxy by approximately 18 arcsec (300 pc), but close to a previously reported class~I methanol maser. Both the HC$_3$N and methanol masers appear to arise near the interface between the galactic bar and the central molecular zone, where it is thought that molecular gas is being transported inwards, producing a region of extensive low-velocity shocks.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters, 7 pages, 3 figure

The catalogues and mid-infrared environment of Interstellar OH Masers

Data for a number of OH maser lines have been collected from surveys. The posi- tions are compared to recent mid-infrared (MIR) surveys such as Spitzer-GLIMPSE and WISE, restricting the comparison to point sources. The colors and intensities of the IR sources are compared. There are many 18 cm OH masers, but far fewer in lines arising from higher energy levels. We also make a comparison with the 5 cm Class II methanol masers. We have divided the results into 3 subsamples: those associated with OH masers only, those associated with OH masers and Class II methanol masers, and those only associated with Class II methanol masers. There are no obvious dif- ferences in the color-color or color-magnitude results for the GLIMPSE point sources. However, according to the results from the WISE 22 {\mu}m survey, the sources associ- ated with OH masers are brighter than those associated with methanol masers. We interpret the presence of OH and methanol masers mark the locations of regions where stars are forming. The OH masers are located on the borders of sharp features found in the IR. These are referred to as bubbles. If the OH masers mark the positions of protostars, the result provides indirect evidence for triggered star formation caused by the expansion of the bubbles.Comment: 23 pages (11 pages online only), 12 figures, Accepted. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society,201

Effect Equilibrium Approach in Calculating the Economic Range of a Freeway Industrial Zone

This research aims to develop a valid method to examine the relationship between transportation infrastructure and economic growth through the measurement of the economic boundary of a freeway industrial zone in developing countries. By comparing the similarities of a freeway industrial zone with an electromagnetic field, the Boit-Schwander law in electromagnetism is applied to create an electromagnetic model, which can calculate the attractive effect caused by a freeway on its influential area. When the attractive effect is equal to the traffic impedance, the economic range of the industrial zone can be determined by the effective equilibrium approach. An empirical analysis of the Ha-Shuang freeway demonstrates this approach is valid and practical

Application analysis on different suture of scleral flap in trabeculectomy

AIM: To research the application of scleral flap suture in trabeculectomy. <p>METHODS: Totally 114 primary angle-closure glaucoma patients, aged from 36-72 years old, were selected as the objects, and randomly divided into research group and control group. The two groups received different administration methods. Traditional sewing method of sclera flap was used in research group and improved sewing method of sclera flap was used in control group. <p>RESULTS: There was statistical differences between postoperative intraocular pressure of the patients in the observation group and the control group after 1d; 2wk; 1, 3mo(<i>P</i><0.05). There was no statistical difference in intraocular pressure between the two groups. There was statistical differences between incidence of shallow anterior chamber of the patients in the observation group and the control group postoperatively early stage(<i>P</i><0.05). After 6mo, the filtering bleb formation in observation group was no significantly better than control group(<i>P</i>>0.05).<p>CONCLUSION: It is safe and effective that the improved sewing method of sclera flap for trabeculectomy of acute angle-closure glaucoma, and it is a better method to avoid the occurrence of shallow anterior chamber than the traditional sewing method in the early stage after operation

Safety Analysis of the Reactor Pressure Vessel of NHR-200

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