Automatic Train Operation Speed Profile Optimization and Tracking with Multi-Objective in Urban Railway

Besides energy-efficiency, people also want train operation to be comfortable, punctual and parking precise. In this paper, a multi-objective model for automatic train operation in urban railway is proposed by unifying dimensions of different objectives firstly. This model is built by applying multi-objective decision with the penalty function, based on the analysis of train performance and its operation environment. Then a genetic algorithm is developed to solve this model and obtain the optimal recommended speed profiles. Thirdly, fuzzy controller is designed to achieve track recommended speed profiles. Finally, with the help of Matlab software, control effect is verified based on simulation. From the simulation results, it can be seen this strategy can meet the requirement of multi-objective, which are energy-saving, parking precisely, running punctually and comfort

Chemical Modification of Fast-Grown Poplar by Urea Formaldehyde and Polyacrylic Resin

In this study, methylolurea and polyacrylic resin were used to modify fast-grown poplar. The dimensional stability and mechanical properties of natural and modified wood were investigated. Also, the modified samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform IR spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results showed that the chemical modifier was impregnated into the wood inner structure, which improved the chemical and mechanical performance of wood. FTIR demonstrated that the hydroxyl groups of wood were decreased, which decreased the water absorption of natural wood. XRD tests indicated that the crystallinity of wood increased but the structure of cellulose was not disrupted after modification. TGA analysis showed that the thermal stability of the hemicelluloses and cellulose was enhanced after modification. The prepolymer was not only impregnated into the wood cell, but also reacted with the wood fiber. A crosslinking reaction occurred between the wood modifier and wood fiber

Identification of driving factors of algal growth in the South-to-North Water Diversion Project by Transformer-based deep learning

Accurate and credible identification of the drivers of algal growth is essential for sustainable utilization and scientific management of freshwater. In this study, we developed a deep learning-based Transformer model, named Bloomformer-1, for end-to-end identification of the drivers of algal growth without the needing extensive a priori knowledge or prior experiments. The Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project (MRP) was used as the study site to demonstrate that Bloomformer-1 exhibited more robust performance (with the highest R$^{2}$, 0.80 to 0.94, and the lowest RMSE, 0.22–0.43 ​μg/L) compared to four widely used traditional machine learning models, namely extra trees regression (ETR), gradient boosting regression tree (GBRT), support vector regression (SVR), and multiple linear regression (MLR). In addition, Bloomformer-1 had higher interpretability (including higher transferability and understandability) than the four traditional machine learning models, which meant that it was trustworthy and the results could be directly applied to real scenarios. Finally, it was determined that total phosphorus (TP) was the most important driver for the MRP, especially in Henan section of the canal, although total nitrogen (TN) had the highest effect on algal growth in the Hebei section. Based on these results, phosphorus loading controlling in the whole MRP was proposed as an algal control strategy

Evaluation and Analysis of Administrative Monopoly in China's Oil Industry

China's oil and petrochemical industry is under administrative monopoly. Administrative monopoly, according to the Unirule Institute of Economics, refers to trade monopoly from concessions granted and the monopolistic power conferred by administrative departments through administrative documents on business entities—enterprises or administrative institutions that are also engaged in profit-making activities. Administrative monopolies come in various forms, including barriers to entry, special privileges and price regulation, which lead to multi-level monopolistic powers and status. The administrative monopoly in China's oil and petrochemical industry has evolved from the previous planned economy. Although the central government has the motivation to reform state-owned enterprises to increase revenue, which has been mainly from taxation, it lacks the impetus to break the administrative monopoly. This article shows that the barriers to entry form high monopoly prices and transfer the consumer surplus into business profit, which is unfair and distorts income allocation. After analysing the forms and origins of administrative monopoly in China's oil and petrochemical industry, the article demonstrates that administrative monopoly causes distorted factor prices, compromises fair trade, reduces efficiency and causes loss of social welfare and degradation of business ethics. This article also proposes judicial, administrative and market-oriented reform solution

An Empirical Investigation Between CO2 emission, Energy Consumption, Export and Economic growth: A Case of China

The purpose of this study is to examine the long-run and short-run relationship between environmental degradation (proxied by C02 emission), gross domestic product, energy consumption and exports in China over the period from 1971 to 2014, using time-series analysis. The study used the annual data which was obtained from a World Development Indicator of the World Bank. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller and Phillips-perron test is applied in this study to establish the stationarity among datasets. Their results show that all variables were non-stationary at level (I(0)). However, they became stationary at the first difference (I(1)). Base on the findings, a well-defined Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL) was applied to the datasets, and the results were in support of the long-run and short-run relationships among the variables. C02 emission and exports accelerate economic growth, however, energy consumption has an inverse impact on economic growth; economic growth and energy consumption also play a significant impact on C02 emission whereas export has a significant negative impact. Furthermore, the granger causality test shows the existence of bi-directional causality between exports and economic growth. A unidirectional causality is running from energy consumption and C02 emission to economic growth as well as energy consumption and C02 emission to exports. The findings support that C02 emission and exports have a substantial impact on the economic growth of China. Furthermore, energy use and economic growth accelerate C02 emission. This study concludes with an examination of the policy implications of the findings

Phase Separation in two-Species Atomic Bose-Einstein Condensate with Interspecies Feshbach Resonance

We consider a mixture of two-species atomic Bose-Einstein codensates coupled to a bound molecular state at zero temperature via interspecies Feshbach resonance. The interspecies Feshbach coupling precludes the possibility of doubly mixed phases while enables not only the pure molecular superfluid but also the pure atomic superfluids to exist as distinct phases. We show that this system is able to support a rich set of phase separations, including that between two distinct mixed atom-molecule phases. We pay particular attention to the effects of the Feschbach coupling and the particle collisions on the miscibility of this multi-component condensate system.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figure

Nr1d1 Mediated Cell Senescence in Mouse Heart-Derived Sca-1+CD31− Cells

Aim: Sca-1+CD31− cells are resident cardiac progenitor cells, found in many mammalian tissues including the heart, and able to differentiate into cardiomyocytes in vitro and in vivo. Our previous work indicated that heart-derived Sca-1+CD31− cells increased the Nr1d1 mRNA level of Nr1d1 with aging. However, how Nr1d1 affects the senescence of Sca-1+CD31− cells. Methods: Overexpression and knockdown of Nr1d1 in Sca-1+CD31− cells and mouse cardiac myocyte (MCM) cell lines were performed by lentiviral transduction. The effects of Nr1d1 abundance on cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, and transcriptomics were evaluated. Moreover, binding of Nr1d1 to the promoter region of Nr4a3 and Serpina3 was examined by a luciferase reporter assay. Results and Conclusions: Upregulation Nr1d1 in young Sca-1+CD31− cells inhibited cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis. However, depletion of Nr1d1 in aged Sca-1+CD31− cells promoted cell proliferation and inhibited apoptosis. Furthermore, Nr1d1 was negatively associated with cell proliferation, promoting apoptosis and senescence-associated beta-galactosidase production in MCMs. Our findings show that Nr1d1 stimulates Serpina3 expression through its interaction with Nr4a3. Nr1d1 may therefore act as a potent anti-aging receptor that can be a therapeutic target for aging-related diseases

Intravitreous injection of Lucentis combined with argon laser photocoagulation for treatment of retinal macroaneurysm

AIM: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of intravitreous injection of Lucentis combined with argon laser photocoagulation on retinal macroaneurysm.<p>METHODS: A retrospective observation about intravitreous injection of Lucentis combined with argon laser photocoagulation was performed on 9 patients(9 eyes)with retinal macroaneurysms with macular edema between January 2011 and July 2013. Through the collection of clinical data in patients best-corrected visual acuity, change of the retinal macroaneurysm, optical coherence tomography and fluoresce in fundus angiography before therapy and 1 mouth,3 mouths after therapy, comparative analysis the changes in best-corrected visual acuity and central macular retinal thickness(CMT)between before and after treatment.<p>RESULTS: Followed for more than 3 months, all patients' best-corrected visual acuity were improved obviously, the difference was significant(<i>P</i><0.05); The patients' macular edema was obviously absorbed and the average CMT was significantly lower, the difference was significant(<i>P</i><0.05). In fundus fluorescein angiography, the neoplasia body was atrophied inordinately after 3 months of treatment.<p>CONCLUSION:Intravitreous injection of Lucentis combined with argon laser photocoagulation is effective and security to improving visual acuity of retinal macroaneurysms with macular edema

Realization of the unidirectional amplification in a cavity magnonic system

We experimentally demonstrate the nonreciprocal microwave amplification using a cavity magnonic system, consisting of a passive cavity (i.e., the split-ring resonator), an active feedback circuit integrated with an amplifier, and a ferromagnetic spin ensemble (i.e., a yttrium-iron-garnet sphere). Combining the amplification provided by the active circuit and the nonreciprocity supported by the cavity magnonics, we implement a nonreciprocal amplifier with the functions of both unidirectional amplification and reverse isolation. The microwave signal is amplified by 11.5 dB in the forward propagating direction and attenuated in the reverse direction by -34.7 dB, giving an isolation ratio of 46.2 dB. Such a unidirectional amplifier can be readily employed in quantum technologies, where the device can simultaneously amplify the weak signal output by the quantum system and isolate the sensitive quantum system from the backscattered external noise. Also, it is promising to explore more functions and applications using a cavity magnonic system with real gain.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure

Calculation of Atomic Number States: a Bethe Ansatz Approach

We analyze the conditions for producing atomic number states in a one-dimensional optical box using the Bethe ansatz method. This approach provides a general framework, enabling the study of number state production over a wide range of realistic experimental parameters