Simulation Analysis of Medium Access Techniques

This paper presents comparison of Access Techniques used in Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol for Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs). Comparison is performed between Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA), Pure ALOHA and Slotted ALOHA (S-ALOHA). Performance metrics used for comparison are throughput (T), delay (D) and offered load (G). The main goal for comparison is to show which technique gives highest Throughput and lowest Delay with increase in Load. Energy efficiency is major issue in WBAN that is why there is need to know which technique performs best for energy conservation and also gives minimum delay.Comment: NGWMN with 7th IEEE International Conference on Broadband and Wireless Computing, Com- munication and Applications (BWCCA 2012), Victoria, Canada, 201

Intelligent agent for formal modelling of temporal multi-agent systems

Software systems are becoming complex and dynamic with the passage of time, and to provide better fault tolerance and resource management they need to have the ability of self-adaptation. Multi-agent systems paradigm is an active area of research for modeling real-time systems. In this research, we have proposed a new agent named SA-ARTIS-agent, which is designed to work in hard real-time temporal constraints with the ability of self-adaptation. This agent can be used for the formal modeling of any self-adaptive real-time multi-agent system. Our agent integrates the MAPE-K feedback loop with ARTIS agent for the provision of self-adaptation. For an unambiguous description, we formally specify our SA-ARTIS-agent using Time-Communicating Object-Z (TCOZ) language. The objective of this research is to provide an intelligent agent with self-adaptive abilities for the execution of tasks with temporal constraints. Previous works in this domain have used Z language which is not expressive to model the distributed communication process of agents. The novelty of our work is that we specified the non-terminating behavior of agents using active class concept of TCOZ and expressed the distributed communication among agents. For communication between active entities, channel communication mechanism of TCOZ is utilized. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed agent using a real-time case study of traffic monitoring system

PWM effect on MPPT for hybrid PV solar and wind turbine generating systems at various loading conditions

Hybrid systems employing different kinds of renewable energy sources, like wind and solar energy conversion systems, are used to reduce generation costs and the pollution of traditional fossil fuel-based electrical generation methods. The current paper presents the design of an off-grid hybrid connection of an 852 W photovoltaic (PV) panel with a 1 kW small-scale wind turbine. This work is based on a study of the effect of the changes in the pulse width modulation (PWM) of a DC/DC converter that was connected to each renewable energy source at various loads. The pulse width can be varied by changing its duty cycle value (D). In this paper, the D value is changed manually for each renewable energy source and automatically using an incremental conductance (IC) and Perturb and Observe (P&O) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms. The IC algorithm is used for the PV system whereas the P&O algorithm with a smaller step size is used for the PMSG wind turbine. The hybrid system is exposed to different environmental conditions to test the validity of the MPPT algorithm for both renewable energy sources. The results of manual and automatic changes of D values are compared for different loads. The AC output voltage is regulated to obtain a constant RMS voltage at different loads. The hybrid system is tested and simulated using MATLAB SIMULINK R2017a software

Pakistan’un Punjab Eyaletinde Glayöl Yetiştiriciliğinin Bugünkü Durumu ve Geleceği İçin Öneriler

Present status and future prospects of gladiolus cultivation in Punjab, Pakistan were investigated so as to explore the potential areas for gladiolus cultivation, analyze the trends prevailing in the area, study the infrastructural facilities available for gladiolus cultivation and study the socio-economic conditions of growers. It was concluded that gladiolus is a potential crop but the practices being performed by the farmers at present time are not according to the international standards and government and private agencies should help the growers for the uplift of the gladiolus industry.Pakistan’un Punjab eyaletinde glayöl yetiştiriciliğinin bugünkü durumu ve geleceği ile ilgili olarak; glayöl yetiştiriciliği için potansiyel bölgelerin saptanması, halen bölgede geçerli olan eğilimlerin irdelenmesi, glayöl yetiştiriciliği için mevcut olan altyapı imkanlarının ve glayöl üreticilerinin sosyo-ekonomik durumlarının araştırılması üzerinde çalışılmıştır. Sonuç olarak glayölün potansiyeli olan bir ürün olduğu ancak üreticilerin uyguladığı yetiştiricilik yöntemlerinin uluslararası standartlara uygun olmadığı, kamu ve özel sektör kuruluşlarının glayöl endüstrisinin gelişmesi için üreticilere yardımcı olması gerektiği kanaatına varılmıştır

Transmission Delay of Multi-hop Heterogeneous Networks for Medical Applications

Nowadays, with increase in ageing population, Health care market keeps growing. There is a need for monitoring of Health issues. Body Area Network consists of wireless sensors attached on or inside human body for monitoring vital Health related problems e.g, Electro Cardiogram (ECG), ElectroEncephalogram (EEG), ElectronyStagmography(ENG) etc. Data is recorded by sensors and is sent towards Health care center. Due to life threatening situations, timely sending of data is essential. For data to reach Health care center, there must be a proper way of sending data through reliable connection and with minimum delay. In this paper transmission delay of different paths, through which data is sent from sensor to Health care center over heterogeneous multi-hop wireless channel is analyzed. Data of medical related diseases is sent through three different paths. In all three paths, data from sensors first reaches ZigBee, which is the common link in all three paths. After ZigBee there are three available networks, through which data is sent. Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) are connected with ZigBee. Each network (WLAN, WiMAX, UMTS) is setup according to environmental conditions, suitability of device and availability of structure for that device. Data from these networks is sent to IP-Cloud, which is further connected to Health care center. Main aim of this paper is to calculate delay of each link in each path over multihop wireless channel.Comment: BioSPAN with 7th IEEE International Conference on Broadband and Wireless Computing, Communication and Applications (BWCCA 2012), Victoria, Canada, 201

Continuous circulation and mutation at the hypervariable region of the VP2 gene of very virulent infectious bursal disease virus in Nigeria

Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is a highly contagious viral disease of poultry with huge economic consequences. First reported in Nigeria in 1973, the disease has since become endemic across the country. Inspite of routine vaccine administration, outbreaks are frequently reported in vaccinated flocks which questions the effectiveness of the vaccine to confer adequate protection against the circulating strains of the virus. In this study, suspected IBD outbreaks from 9 poultry farms spanning 2015 – 2016 were investigated. The hypervariable region (HVR) of the VP2 gene of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) from these outbreaks was sequenced. Based on the phylogenetic tree and deduced amino acid sequences, the viruses clustered with African very virulent (vv) types (VV2-1) with markers typical for vvIBDV at positions 222A, 242I, 256I, 294I and 299S. Also, unique substitutions were identified at the hydrophilic peak A (215Q→P) and minor peak 2 (280N→Y) in addition to that previously unreported at position 308I→L. These results demonstrate continuous circulation and mutations at the HVR of the VP2 which underscores the need for constant monitoring of IBDV in Nigerian poultry. Further study is required to establish the biological function(s) of these mutations on the pathogenicity and antigenicity of the virus.Keywords: very virulent infectious bursal disease virus, VP2 gene, mutation, poultry, Nigeri

An Analysis Review: Optimal Trajectory for 6-DOF-based Intelligent Controller in Biomedical Application

With technological advancements and the development of robots have begun to be utilized in numerous sectors, including industrial, agricultural, and medical. Optimizing the path planning of robot manipulators is a fundamental aspect of robot research with promising future prospects. The precise robot manipulator tracks can enhance the efficacy of a variety of robot duties, such as workshop operations, crop harvesting, and medical procedures, among others. Trajectory planning for robot manipulators is one of the fundamental robot technologies, and manipulator trajectory accuracy can be enhanced by the design of their controllers. However, the majority of controllers devised up to this point were incapable of effectively resolving the nonlinearity and uncertainty issues of high-degree freedom manipulators in order to overcome these issues and enhance the track performance of high-degree freedom manipulators. Developing practical path-planning algorithms to efficiently complete robot functions in autonomous robotics is critical. In addition, designing a collision-free path in conjunction with the physical limitations of the robot is a very challenging challenge due to the complex environment surrounding the dynamics and kinetics of robots with different degrees of freedom (DoF) and/or multiple arms. The advantages and disadvantages of current robot motion planning methods, incompleteness, scalability, safety, stability, smoothness, accuracy, optimization, and efficiency are examined in this paper

Development of a Novel Bioactive Functionally Guided Tissue Graded Membrane for Periodontal Lesions

Periodontal disorders are chronic inflammatory condition of the supporting structures of the tooth. Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membranes have been used in the management of destructive forms of periodontal disease as a means of aiding regeneration of lost supporting tissues, such as alveolar bone, cementum, gingiva and periodontal ligament. In this study, individual layers of a functionally graded bioactive composite membrane were fabricated using the techniques of solvent casting, freeze gelation and electrospinning by incorporating Hydroxyapatite (HA) alongside Chitosan and using acetic acid as the primary solvent. The techniques were simple, time /energy efficient and reproducible resulting in novel non porous and porous scaffolds with potential for use in periodontal tissue regeneration. Scaffolds were characterised in terms of ultra structure morphology by scanning electron microscopy, physiochemical properties, water uptake, and degradation by weight loss, mechanical properties and biocompatibility. Microscopy revealed porous features and presence of hydroxyapatite was confirmed with Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Morphology of the pores varied with different solvents, which were affected by addition of HA. Biocompatibility studies were carried out using a human osteosarcoma cell line and human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells. All tested scaffolds showed increasing cell viability over the tested culture period. In conclusion, solvent casting, freeze gelation and electrospinning were successfully used to fabricate scaffolds with different morphology and porosity. Future work will focus on incorporation of drug into the core layer and combining the surface and core layers to form a spatially designed functionally graded biodegradable membrane with the potential of being used for periodontal tissue regeneration

Modified almost unbiased two-parameter estimator for the Poisson regression model with an application to accident data

Due to the large amount of accidents negatively affecting the wellbeing of the survivors and their families, a substantial amount of research is conducted to determine the causes of road accidents. This type of data come in the form of non-negative integers and may be modelled using the Poisson regression model. Unfortunately, the commonly used maximum likelihood estimator is unstable when the explanatory variables of the Poisson regression model are highly correlated. Therefore, this paper proposes a new almost unbiased estimator which reduces the instability of the maximum likelihood estimator and at the same time produce smaller mean squared error. We study the statistical properties of the proposed estimator and a simulation study has been conducted to compare the performance of the estimators in the smaller mean squared error sense. Finally, Swedish traffic fatality data are analyzed to show the benefit of the proposed method