Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density

Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data

Adéu, Guau!

Treball de recerca realitzat per alumnes d'ensenyament secundari i guardonat amb un Premi CIRIT per fomentar l'esperit científic del Jovent l'any 2009. Aquest treball és una creació d’un projecte empresarial, per tal d’analitzar la viabilitat, examinar els objectius i descobrir els inconvenients de la creació d’una empresa. En aquest cas es tracta de crear un cementiri i vetlla d’animals de tot tipus, simulant el comiat que es realitza a les persones estimades, però destinat a les nostres mascotes, amb un servei de qualitat, serietat, responsabilitat i adequat als usuaris i clients. Es tracta d’una empresa que s’encarregarà de la recollida de l’animal, l’acondicionament per a la vetlla, la cerimònia de comiat, la impressió dels panegírics, l’obtenció d’objectes per recordar-ho, les decoracions florals o similars, la venta de plaquetes, tombes, gerros... segons el tipus de mètode seleccionat per a l’enterrament, així com la prestació d altres serveis addicionals que s’adaptin a les necessitats específiques dels usuaris/clients per tal de cobrir la demanda actual al sector. Es tracta d’una iniciativa destinada a les persones que necessiten desprendre s de les restes de les seves mascotes, després de la seva defunció, que volen oferir un comiat proper i afectuós a les seves mascotes.Research project carried out by pupils of secondary education and rewarded with a Prize CIRIT to foster the scientific spirit of the Youth in year 2009. In this case it consists in creating a cemetery of animals of every type, simulating the farewell that it is carried out to the loved persons, but destined to our mascots, with a service of quality, seriousness, responsibility and suitable for the users and customers. It is a matter of a company that will be in charge of the collection of the animal, the acondicionament for the eve, the ceremony of farewell, the printing of the panegyrics, the obtaining of objects to remember it, the floral or similar decorations, fans of platelets, vases, graves... according to the type of method selected for the burial. It is a initiative destined to the persons who need to detach of the remains of their mascots

Stress transfer and matrix-cohesive fracture mechanism in microfibrillated cellulose-gelatin nanocomposite films

Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) obtained from eucalyptus was embedded in gelatin from two sources; namely bovine and salmon gelatin. Raman spectroscopy revealed that stress is transferred more efficiently from bovine gelatin to the MFC when compared to salmon gelatin. Young's modulus, tensile strength, strain at failure and work of fracture of the nanocomposite films were improved by similar to 67, 131, 43 y 243% respectively when using salmon gelatin as matrix material instead of bovine gelatin. Imaging of the tensile fracture surface of the MFC-gelatin nanocomposites revealed that crack formation occurs predominantly within bovine and salmon gelatin matrices rather than within the MFC or at the MFC/gelatin interface. This suggests that the mechanical failure mechanism in these nanocomposite materials is predominantly governed by a matrix-cohesive fracture mechanism. Both strength and flexibility are desirable properties for composite coatings made from gelatin-based materials, and so the findings of this study could assist in their utilization in the food and pharmaceutical industry.CONICYT/FONDECYT 3140036 1171553 CONICYT/PCI Newton-Picarte 14014

Investigación joven con perspectiva de género IV

Actas del IV Congreso Internacional de Jóvenes Investigadorxs con perspectiva de género (Getafe, 24 - 26 de junio de 2019) organizado por el Instituto Universitario de Estudios de Género de la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid

Appropriateness of antiplatelet therapy for primary and secondary cardio- and cerebrovascular prevention in acutely hospitalized older people

Aims: Antiplatelet therapy is recommended for the secondary prevention of cardio- and cerebrovascular disease, but for primary prevention it is advised only in patients at very high risk. With this background, this study aims to assess the appropriateness of antiplatelet therapy in acutely hospitalized older people according to their risk profile. Methods: Data were obtained from the REPOSI register held in Italian and Spanish internal medicine and geriatric wards in 2012 and 2014. Hospitalized patients aged ≥65 assessable at discharge were selected. Appropriateness of the antiplatelet therapy was evaluated according to their primary or secondary cardiovascular prevention profiles. Results: Of 2535 enrolled patients, 2199 were assessable at discharge. Overall 959 (43.6%, 95% CI 41.5–45.7) were prescribed an antiplatelet drug, aspirin being the most frequently chosen. Among patients prescribed for primary prevention, just over half were inappropriately prescribed (52.1%), being mainly overprescribed (155/209 patients, 74.2%). On the other hand, there was also a high rate of inappropriate underprescription in the context of secondary prevention (222/726 patients, 30.6%, 95% CI 27.3–34.0%). Conclusions: This study carried out in acutely hospitalized older people shows a high degree of inappropriate prescription among patients prescribed with antiplatelets for primary prevention, mainly due to overprescription. Further, a large proportion of patients who had had overt cardio- or cerebrovascular disease were underprescribed, in spite of the established benefits of antiplatelet drugs in the context of secondary prevention

Pensando el bicentenario. Doscientos años de resistencia y poder en América Latina

El presente libro, fruto de las X Jornadas de Estudiantes de Postgrado en Humanidades, Artes, Ciencias Sociales y Educación, es una recopilación de textos que plantean múltiples modos de pensar los Bicentenarios en América Latina. Esta colección de estudios transita por tres ejes esenciales que permiten abordar las problemáticas de nuestro continente: el primer eje versa sobre las teorías culturales latinoamericanas y sus contextos, propuestas y proyecciones, en tanto vehículos para la resistencia cultural; un segundo eje considera algunas reflexiones histórico-políticas del siglo XX latinoamericano, reposicionando conceptos como política, poder y democracia, a partir del análisis de discursos y prácticas alternativas a las oficiales y tradicionales; finalmente, un tercer eje trata los procesos de mestizaje y mediación a través del examen de sistemas visuales y musicales de representación, que ponen en evidencia novedosas estrategias discursivas. Como consecuencia, este libro busca abrir el debate a partir del examen de diferentes espacios culturales y enfoques disciplinarios, atendiendo a las configuraciones de poder, a los mecanismos socioculturales de inclusión-exclusión que los cruzan a los movimientos de resistencia que se generan en dichos contextos

COVID-19 in hospitalized HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients : A matched study

CatedresObjectives: We compared the characteristics and clinical outcomes of hospitalized individuals with COVID-19 with [people with HIV (PWH)] and without (non-PWH) HIV co-infection in Spain during the first wave of the pandemic. Methods: This was a retrospective matched cohort study. People with HIV were identified by reviewing clinical records and laboratory registries of 10 922 patients in active-follow-up within the Spanish HIV Research Network (CoRIS) up to 30 June 2020. Each hospitalized PWH was matched with five non-PWH of the same age and sex randomly selected from COVID-19@Spain, a multicentre cohort of 4035 patients hospitalized with confirmed COVID-19. The main outcome was all-cause in-hospital mortality. Results: Forty-five PWH with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 were identified in CoRIS, 21 of whom were hospitalized. A total of 105 age/sex-matched controls were selected from the COVID-19@Spain cohort. The median age in both groups was 53 (Q1-Q3, 46-56) years, and 90.5% were men. In PWH, 19.1% were injecting drug users, 95.2% were on antiretroviral therapy, 94.4% had HIV-RNA < 50 copies/mL, and the median (Q1-Q3) CD4 count was 595 (349-798) cells/μL. No statistically significant differences were found between PWH and non-PWH in number of comorbidities, presenting signs and symptoms, laboratory parameters, radiology findings and severity scores on admission. Corticosteroids were administered to 33.3% and 27.4% of PWH and non-PWH, respectively (P = 0.580). Deaths during admission were documented in two (9.5%) PWH and 12 (11.4%) non-PWH (P = 0.800). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that well-controlled HIV infection does not modify the clinical presentation or worsen clinical outcomes of COVID-19 hospitalization

How do women living with HIV experience menopause? Menopausal symptoms, anxiety and depression according to reproductive age in a multicenter cohort

CatedresBackground: To estimate the prevalence and severity of menopausal symptoms and anxiety/depression and to assess the differences according to menopausal status among women living with HIV aged 45-60 years from the cohort of Spanish HIV/AIDS Research Network (CoRIS). Methods: Women were interviewed by phone between September 2017 and December 2018 to determine whether they had experienced menopausal symptoms and anxiety/depression. The Menopause Rating Scale was used to evaluate the prevalence and severity of symptoms related to menopause in three subscales: somatic, psychologic and urogenital; and the 4-item Patient Health Questionnaire was used for anxiety/depression. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) of association between menopausal status, and other potential risk factors, the presence and severity of somatic, psychological and urogenital symptoms and of anxiety/depression. Results: Of 251 women included, 137 (54.6%) were post-, 70 (27.9%) peri- and 44 (17.5%) pre-menopausal, respectively. Median age of onset menopause was 48 years (IQR 45-50). The proportions of pre-, peri- and post-menopausal women who had experienced any menopausal symptoms were 45.5%, 60.0% and 66.4%, respectively. Both peri- and post-menopause were associated with a higher likelihood of having somatic symptoms (aOR 3.01; 95% CI 1.38-6.55 and 2.63; 1.44-4.81, respectively), while post-menopause increased the likelihood of having psychological (2.16; 1.13-4.14) and urogenital symptoms (2.54; 1.42-4.85). By other hand, post-menopausal women had a statistically significant five-fold increase in the likelihood of presenting severe urogenital symptoms than pre-menopausal women (4.90; 1.74-13.84). No significant differences by menopausal status were found for anxiety/depression. Joint/muscle problems, exhaustion and sleeping disorders were the most commonly reported symptoms among all women. Differences in the prevalences of vaginal dryness (p = 0.002), joint/muscle complaints (p = 0.032), and sweating/flush (p = 0.032) were found among the three groups. Conclusions: Women living with HIV experienced a wide variety of menopausal symptoms, some of them initiated before women had any menstrual irregularity. We found a higher likelihood of somatic symptoms in peri- and post-menopausal women, while a higher likelihood of psychological and urogenital symptoms was found in post-menopausal women. Most somatic symptoms were of low or moderate severity, probably due to the good clinical and immunological situation of these women