MATERNAL DEATH, QUALITY SERVICES, AND MENTAL HEALTH: A CYCLE OR REPEATED EPISODE ?

Maternal issues are classic issues in every edition of the Indonesian Journal of Health Administration. In this issue, our authors, Fatmaningrum et al. (2022), revealed how the COVID-19 pandemic had increased the number of maternal deaths. Research conducted by Ernawaty and Sri (2022) again shows how big the risks Indonesian women must bear during pregnancy and childbirth are. Not only are they risking their lives because they have to give birth to children, but once discharged from treatment, they still have to be faced with high delivery costs. The National Health Insurance does help a lot, but who will help JKN from a deficit if there are many cases of diseases that require huge costs. A systematic review conducted by Muhlis (2022) found that the low level of participation in the JKN program was due to various multidimensional factors. This factor is not only related to the ability to pay contributions, but many are due to individual and environmental internal factors

The Consequences Financing Prompt Treatment Until Terminal of HIV AIDS in Universal Health Coverage

Even though almost entire chronic diseases are covered in Universal Health Coverage, the mechanisms for financing aggregate HIV AIDS treatment costs are different between countries. This study aims to forecast the financing consequences of providing financial protection for HIV AIDS patients through National Health Insurance in Indonesia. It analyzed hospital financial report of patients along early NHI implementation. Data are retrieved from biggest referral hospital in eastern Indonesia. The cost is compared based on cost drivers of treatment. This financial map then forecast according to developing rate of HIV AIDS in Indonesia. This study shows that HIV AIDS treatment mostly paid by health insurance. At least people spent IDR 4,298,250 for each inpatient treatment. The biggest cost is derived by laboratory examination which spent more than 10% of total treatment cost. Most of HIV AIDS patients seek for treatment in emergency situation which mean that already in chronic phase. It will bear huge amount of HIV AIDS treatment cost considering that it is chronic diseases with many number of cases. Dominant cost drivers of country, donor spending on HIV treatment and medical prevention become important to consider when calculating financial ability providing in financing the HIV AIDS patients

Penerapan Total Quality Management (TQM) di Lajnah Ta'lif wan Nasyr Nahdlatul Ulama' (LTN-NU) Pengurus Wilayah Nahdlatul Ulama' (PWNU) Jawa Timur

Penelitian ini memfokuskan pada satu rumusan masalah, yaitu: Bagaimanakah penerapan Total Quality Mangement (TQM) di LTN-NU PWNU Jawa Timur?. Untuk menjawab rumusan maslah tersebut penulis menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Informan dalam penelitian ini adalah Kepala Pengurus LTN-NU di PWNU Jawa Timur dan Sekretaris LTN-NU di PWNU Jawa Timur. Setelah itu data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan analisis induktif dan deskriptif menurut Lexy J. Moleong. Dalam proses penelitian ini penulis berusaha untuk mengetahui bagaimana langkah-langkah yang dilakukan oleh pengurus LTN-NU PWNU Jawa Timur dalam menerapkan Total Quality Management. Dari hasil temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan Total Quality Management di LTN-NU PWNU Jawa Timur telah diterapkan dengan sebaik-baiknya

Health insurance literacy: discussion and reaction of Facebook users’ towards the National Health Insurance in Indonesia

Universal Health Coverage always persevered as a pro poor policy in many countries, characterized by a major impact on higher out-of-pocket healthcare costs, with low-cost alternative prescription drugs and capitation payments made to physicians, in order to reduce inequity. These concerns have been discussed widely on social media, including Facebook, but social media are consistently neglected as a source of scientific information. The purpose of this study, therefore, is to analyze the thought process or feelings of individuals about the policies, also focusing on the possible reactions. Hence, a systematic review in the form of discussion forums on the Facebook page of the National Health Insurance Agency, Indonesia was conducted from 2015 to 2016, with regards to the implementation of National Health Insurance, within a year and half after the policy was launched. In addition, the contents of 148 discussions were deductively analyzed, and the findings showed the pragmatic disposition of most Facebook users towards health care utilization, the costs of Insurance, and the possible benefits of payment. Furthermore, the debate conducted in social media related with the policy and its practice issues ought to be countered through appropriate modification

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FORMING BREASTFEEDING SUPPORT GROUP PROGRAM TO IMPROVE EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING

 Background: Exclusive breastfeeding is a problem of maternal and child health in Indonesia. With Breastfeeding Support Group, exclusive breastfeeding is expected to improve. Sugihwaras Village and Sumbergede Village have been initiating Breastfeeding Support Group program. However, the framework of Breastfeeding Support Group program and intervention methods for pregnant and breastfeeding mothers in both villages were different.Aim: It analyzed the effectiveness of forming Breastfeeding Support Group program and intervention programs for pregnant and breastfeeding mothers to improve exclusive breastfeeding in Sugihwaras Village and Sumbergede Village.Methods: This study used a case study approach to the formation of Breastfeeding Support Group program. Comparative analysis was done descriptively by selecting samples from the Fieldwork Report of Group 14 and 15 in the period of 2017/2018, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga. This study applied total sampling technique and descriptive analysis by comparing community’s characteristics (as input), a form of intervention and program management (as a process), and results of evaluating the formation of Breastfeeding Support Group (as an output).Results: Community’s characteristics in both villages tend to be similar, and the average duration of each program was the same. Sumbergede Village focused on the readiness of forming cadres for Breastfeeding Support Group program, while Sugihwaras Village focused on breastfeeding mothers and their husbands. Indicator analysis of the program showed that Sumbergede Village (80.00% achieved) had a 5.71% higher percentage of attainment compared to Sugihwaras Village (85.71% achieved). Analysis of the program’s strengths and weaknesses pointed out that Sumbergede Village had more values and power in resources in its region.Conclusion: The intervention program in Sumbergede Village tends to be more effective. It has greater potential to be a sustainable program in the following year to improve 100% exclusive breastfeeding. Keywords: Breastfeeding Support Group, exclusive breastfeeding, intervention, effectiveness

Pembiasaan Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat di Pondok Pesantren di Era Adaptasi Kebiasaan Baru

Pondok pesantren merupakan tempat berisiko terjadinya penularan Covid-19 karena santri tinggal dan melakukan kegiatan bersama-sama setiap hari. Kondisi seperti ini perlu adanya komitmen pimpinan, pengelola, santri dan seluruh masyarakat pesantren agar aktif melakukan pengendalian dan pencegahan penularan Covid-19. Beberapa permasalahan pesantren terkait PHBS salah satunya berasal dari para santri yang saling meminjam alat makan, alat ibadah bahkan pakaian masih belum 100% hilang. Santri masih belum terbiasa mencuci tangan dengan sabun dan air mengalir, belum menggunakan masker dengan baik atau bahkan tidak menggunakan masker sama sekali, sulit mejaga jarak, kurangnya aktifitas fisik, dan konsumsi makanan yang kurang bergizi. Program pemberdayaan ini dilaksanakan dengan metode Community Based Research (CBR) yang memperhatikan identifikasi permasalahan serta upaya preventif bagi masyarakat dan proritas dukungan, pengembangan sistem serta pembangunan sosial yang fokus pada masyarakat, dan menjawab kebutuhan masyarakat. Adapun tahapan CBR adalah: laying the foundation, research planning, information gathering and analysis, dan acting on findings. Luaran yang diharapkan yaitu tersusunnya kebijakan pencegahan dan pengendalian Covid-19 di pesantren, terlaksanakannya analisis situasi pondok pesantren, terbentuknya organisasi pencegahan dan pengendalian Covid-19, pesantren bisa bermitra dengan mitra potensial, terbentuknya duta PHBS santri, pengelola pesantren dapat membuat media KIE, dan 75% santri mempunyai PHBS yang lebih baik dibanding sebelum adanya program

KOMPARASI ELASTISITAS PEMBIAYAAN PENANGGULANGAN PENYAKIT MENULAR DIREGIONAL JAWA BALI DAN PAPUA

The rapid growth and the various communicable diseases should be compensated with qualifi ed health programs. The programs’ budget should be able to meet the need of communicable disease intervention. In the era of decentralization, differences in the ability of each district in handling health problems could triger the disparity between districts. This research analyzes the difference of budget elasticity that existed in the communicable disease intervention between districts in Java Bali and Papua region. This is an analytical study which analyze the difference of communicable disease budget elasticity based on the geographic characteristics, fi scal capacity, and health status in each districts. The data is collected cross sectional in all districts that exist in Java Bali and Papua as the population. The difference of elasticity based on each indicator used in this study was analysed using independent t-test. The elasticity of communicable disease prevention fi nancing is different among districts with different public health index inJava Bali and Papua regional. Themajority of communicable disease budget in districts are inelastic, in both regions. It is different with the assumption that budget elasticity of communicable disease should be responsive. The budget elasticity of communicable disease in Indonesia is infl uenced by its health condition of each district. This condition is contrast to the ideal budget elasticity that should be elastic in accordance to the communicable disease problems. The use of economic assumption for further research should be concerns to the uncertainty of health characteristic. Abstrak Tingginya laju pertumbuhan dan bervariasinya jenis penyakit menular harus diimbangi dengan upaya penanggulangan yang responsif. Pembiayaan penanggulangan penyakit menular harus menyesuaikan dengan perkembangan penyakit menular. Di era desentralisasi, terdapat perbedaan kemampuan tiap daerah dalam pembiayaan kesehatan sehingga menyebabkan adanya disparitas penyakit antar daerah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan komparasi elastisitas pembiayaan yang telah dikeluarkan oleh pemerintah daerah dalam penanggulangan penyakit menular di regional Jawa Bali dan Papua. Komparasi ini dilakukan sebagai analisis lanjut Riset Pembiayaan Kesehatan tahun 2015 oleh Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Penelitian analitik ini melakukan komparasi elastisitas pembiayaan  penanggulangan penyakit menular berdasarkan perbedaan karakteristik geografi , kemampuanfiskal, dan status kesehatan pada setiap kabupaten/kota yang ada di regional Jawa Bali dan Papua. Data dikumpulkan secara cross sectional pada Dinas Kesehatan kabupaten/kota yang ada di regional Jawa Bali dan Papua. Komparasi elastisitas terhadap setiap indikator yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dianalisis menggunakan independent t-test. Elastisitas pembiayaan penanggulangan penyakit menular antar Kabupaten/Kota berbeda pada regional Jawa Bali dan Papua dengan IPKM berbeda. Kondisi pembiayaan penanggulangan penyakit menular yang seharusnya elastis, tidak terjadi pada kedua regional. Mayoritas Kabupaten/Kota cenderung inelastis dalam membiayai penanggulangan penyakit menular di masing-masing daerah. Elasitisitas pembiayaan penanggulangan penyakit menular pada Kabupaten/Kota di Indonesia dipengaruhi oleh kondisi kesehatan masing-masing daerah. Kondisi ini bertolak belakang dengan asumsipembiayaan penanggulangan penyakit menular yang harusnya responsif sesuai dengan masalah penyakit menular yang muncul. Penggunaan asumsi yang juga memperhatikan beberapa masalah kesehatan lain merupakan hal yang perlu digunakan pada penelitian selanjutnya

تطبيق المنهج الدراسي لعام 2013 على أساس قرار وزير الشؤون الدينية رقم 183 لعام 2019 في تعليم اللغة العربية بالمدرسة المتوسطة الإسلامية الحكومية 1 تولونج أجونج

ملخص البحث العلمي تحت العنوان "تطبيق المنهج الدراسي لعام 2013 على أساس قرار وزير الشؤون الدينية رقم 183 لعام 2019 في تعليم اللغة العربية بالمدرسة المتوسطة الإسلامية الحكومية 1 تولونج أجونج" كتبته نزل الأوليا بوديئنا بوتري، رقم القيد : 12202173033، قسم تعليم اللغة العربية كلية التربيّة والعلوم التعليمية الجامعة الإسلامية الحكومية تولونج أجونج. المشرف :نورياني، الماجستير. الكلمات الرئيسية: تطبيق المنهج الدراسي لعام 2013، قرار وزير الشؤون الدينية رقم 183 لعام 2019، تعليم اللغة العربية. خلفية هذا البحث هي: يواجه تنفيذ المنهج الجديد نسبيًا عقبات يجب معالجتها في محاولة لتحسين المناهج السابقة التي لم يتم تعظيمها. المدرسة المتوسطة الإسلامية الحكومية 1 تولونج أجونج هي إحدى المدارس التي أصبحت رائدة في تطبيق المنهج الدراسي لعام 2013 على أساس قرار وزير الشؤون الدينية رقم 183 لعام 2019. يهدف هذا البحث لوصف مواد التطبيق وعملية التطبيق وعملية تقويم المناهج الدراسي لعام 2013 على أساس قرار وزير الشؤون الدينية رقم 183 لعام 2019 في تعليم اللغة العربية بالمدرسة المتوسطة الإسلامية الحكومية 1 تولونج أجونج. مسائل هذا البحث هي: 1) كيف مواد المنهج الدراسي لعام 2013 على أساس قرار وزير الشؤون الدينية رقم 183 لعام 2019 في تعليم اللغة العربية بالمدرسة المتوسطة الإسلامية الحكومية 1 تولونج أجونج؟ 2) كيف عملية تطبيق المنهج الدراسي لعام 2013 على أساس قرار وزير الشؤون الدينية رقم 183 لعام 2019 في تعليم اللغة العربية بالمدرسة المتوسطة الإسلامية الحكومية 1 تولونج أجونج؟ 3) كيف عملية تقويم في تعليم اللغة العربية المنهج الدراسي لعام 2013 على أساس قرار وزير الشؤون الدينية رقم 183 لعام 2019 بالمدرسة المتوسطة الإسلامية الحكومية 1 تولونج أجونج ؟. و منهجية البحث: المدخل الكيف و نوع البحث الوصفي. طرق جمع الحقائق: المقابلة، الملاحظة، والتوثيق. طرق تحليل البيانات : جمع البيانات، وتقليل البيانات، وعرض البيانات، واستخلاص النتائج. و تفتيش صحة الحقائ : تمديد المشاركة ، و ترقية المثابرة، و التثليث. ونتائج البحث هي: 1) مواد المنهج الدراسي لعام 2013 على أساس قرار وزير الشؤون الدينية رقم 183 لعام 2019 في تعليم اللغة العربية بالمدرسة المتوسطة الإسلامية الحكومية 1 تولونج أجونج المادة المناسبة با المنهج، أبسط، الكاملة، مناسبة وذات صلة، ليست رتيبة. 2) عملية تطبيق المنهج الدراسي لعام 2013 على أساس قرار وزير الشؤون الدينية رقم 183 لعام 2019 في تعليم اللغة العربية بالمدرسة المتوسطة الإسلامية الحكومية 1 تولونج أجونج بالخطوات كما يلى: أ) مقدمة: (1) التحية وقراءة الدعاء، (2) قراءة سورة قصيرة من الاختيار ، (3) ملء ورقة الحضور ، (4) طرح الأسئلة ، (5) نقل الاختصاصات والأهداف الأساسية. ب) الأنشطة الأساسية: (1) المراقبة، (2) تقديم السؤال ، (3) التجربة / الاستكشاف ، (4) الرابط ، (5) الاتصالات. ج) النشاط النهائي: (1) تلخيص جوهر المادة ، (2) تقديم اختبار تقويم ، (3) توفير الدافع ، (4) قراءة الدعاء والترحيب المتبادلين. 3) عملية تقويم في التعليم اللغة العربية المنهج الدراسي لعام 2013 على أساس قرار وزير الشؤون الدينية رقم 183 لعام 2019 بالمدرسة المتوسطة الإسلامية الحكومية 1 تولونج أجونج بالخطوات كما يلى: أ) التخطيط تقويم التعليم. ب) تنفيذ تقويم التعليم: (1) تقويم المواقف الروحية (KI-1) والاجتماعية (KI-2), (2) تقويم المعرفة (KI-3), (3) تقويم المهارات (KI-4). ج) تقديم نتائج بعد تقويم: (1) إعطاء قيمة الموقف الروحي (KI-1) والاجتماعية (KI-2)،(2) تقديم نتائج المجال المعرفة (KI-3)، (3) تعيين نتائج المهارات (KI-4)

ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY IN JAMBI PROVINCE BASED ON HEALTH AND EDUCATION PERSPECTIVE

ABSTRACT Background: Many challenges must be faced when entering adolescence, being attracted to the opposite sex, trying new things and behaviors that will be carried for life. If it cannot be controlled properly, it will result in dangerous behavior which will result in one of them being teenage pregnancy. Many adolescent pregnancies occur due to low access to health and education services, the same thing also happened in Jambi Province.Obective: The purpose of this study is to see how the phenomenon of adolescent pregnancy is in terms of health and education. Method: This research is a qualitative research with 33 informants consisting of 1 Jambi Provincial Health Office, 1 Jambi Provincial Education Office, and 31 youth in 10 districts/cities in Jambi Province.Result: The results of in-depth interviews show that there are still many adolescents who have not utilized reproductive health services at existing health facilities and also the occurrence of pregnancies during the school period makes adolescents drop out of school and are lazy to continue their education due to constraints on husband's permission, child care, and financial circumstances. Conclusion: The lack of information regarding reproductive health and the low level of education that has been completed have proven to influence the decision of adolescents in Jambi Province to marry earlier than the proper age.Keywords: Adolescent Pregnancy, Education, Health