Hydroxyl Radical Scavenging Activity of Stachytarpheta jamaecensis Root Extract using In Vitro Deoxyribose Degradation Assay

Use and demand of traditional medicinal plants currently growing in the direction that research in traditional medicines have also increased. One of the plants that is efficacious as a medicine is S. jamaecensis. This plant is usually used by people as a traditional medicine to treat various diseases. This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity of porterweed root. Antioxidant activity assays performed using hydroxyl radical scavenger that begins with the extraction by maceration. Dry roots of S. jamaecensis  (250 g) was soaked with ethanol 96% for 3x24 hours at room temperature. The liquid extract obtained is evaporated by rotary evaporator and waterbath till viscous extracts is obtained. Then to extract performed phytochemical screening by quantitative and qualitative method. The antioxidant test was carried out using the hydroxyl radical scavenger method. The extract concentrations were varied, namely 125, 250, 500 and 1000 ppm. The data obtained was performed one-way ANOVA test. The results of the phytochemical screening showed the extract contains flavonoids, alcaloids, saponins, phenols and tannins. The results obtained were significant values from the antioxidant test with the antiradical scavenger method, the largest average value of root extract was 60.606% at a concentration of 1000 ppm. The results of spectrophotometric measurements showed that the extract has IC50 was 683.5294 µg/ml, while vitamin C has  IC50 lower value (251.700 µg/ml). 

Chitosan From Haruan (Channa Striata) Fish Scale Accelerate Wound Healing By Promoting Angiogenesis And Fibroblast Proliferation

Background: Damage to the integrity of some body tissues due to trauma commonly referred to as injury can occur intentionally or unintentionally. Angiogenesis and fibroblast proliferation are important stages in the proliferation stage in determining the success of the wound healing process. Chitosan from haruan fish scales has active functional groups in the form of anti-inflammatory and antioxidants that are effective in accelerating wound healing. Method: This study was a pure experimental study with a post-test only design with a control group design which was divided into a treatment group and a control group. The treatment group consisted of chitosan haruan fish scales at concentrations of 1%, 3%, and 5%. The control group consisted of povidone iodine as a positive control and no treatment as a negative control. All rats were injured on the back and then euthanized on days 3, 5, 7, and 14. Result: The chitosan from haruan fish scales affected the formation of new blood vessels and fibroblasts on day-3, increase the number of new blood vessels on day-5, decrease the number of new blood vessels accompanied by increase the number of fibroblasts on day-7, and also decrease the number of fibroblasts on day-14.Conclusion:  3%, and 5% chitosan from haruan fish scale proved to be effective against angiogenesis and fibroblast proliferation in wound healing.

Characterization of Streptococcus sanguis molecular receptors for Streptococcus mutans binding molecules

Background: Dental caries is a major problem in oral cavity. If dental caries causes cavity, the structure of dental hard tissue will not be reversible because of damage in the structure of the hard tissue. The early pathogenesis mechanism of dental caries is an adhesion interaction between cariogenic Streptococcus mutans microorganisms and tooth surface pellicles. The attachment involves a specific molecular component interaction between the bacterial complement molecules and the surface of the host. Streptococcus sanguis as a dominant ecology at the beginning of bacterial plaque aggregation will colonize the tooth surface earlier than S. mutans. The surface of bacterial cells can express some adesin. The bacteria also can express receptors for adhesins of other bacteria. Specific receptors for adhesions of S. Mutans bacteria are not only found in the pellicles, but also present in pioneer bacteria, such as S. sanguis. Adhesion between those bacteria is called as coagregation. Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the characterization of Streptococcus sanguis molecular receptors for Streptococcus mutans binding molecules. Method: This study used a sonication method for protein isolation of S. mutans and S. sanguis bacterial biofilms, as well as electrophoresis method using 12 % SDS-PAGE gel and Western Blot analysis. Result: Results of the protein profile analysis of S. mutans biofilms using 12% SDS-PAGE showed that there were 17 bands, each of which molecular weights was 212, 140, 81, 65, 61, 48, 45, 44, 40, 39, 33 , 25, 23, 19, 17, 12, and 11 kDa. On the other hand, results of the protein profile analysis of S. sanguis biofilms using 12% SDS-PAGE showed that there were 15 bands, each of which molecular weight was 130, 85, 65, 61, 48, 46, 40, 37, 29, 25, 23, 21, 17, 15, and 12 kDa. And, results of the analysis of S. sanguis receptor molecules using Western blot showed that there were three bands, each of which molecular weight was 130, 85, and 40 kDa. Conclusion: S. sanguis bacteria have specific receptor molecules for S. mutans bacteria with the molecular weight of 130, 85, and 40 kDa. Keywords: receptor; adherence; coagregation; biofilm

The Antibacterial Activity of Chitosan from Haruan (Channa striata) Fish Scales on the Growth of Streptococcus sanguinis

  Introduction: Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis (RAS) is the most common oral lesion in Banjarmasin, with a prevalence of 45.42%. Streptococcus sanguinis (S. sanguinis) is thought to be one of the factors causing RAS. One natural ingredient that is often used by the people of South Kalimantan is the Haruan fish. The high Haruan fish consumption will eventually leave fish scales that have the potential to pollute the environment if not addressed immediately. Fish scales contain chitin, which when deacetylated produces chitosan, which has antibacterial properties. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the chitosan from the scales of the Haruan fish (Channa striata) at inhibiting S. sanguinis growth. Methods: This study used a randomized pretest-posttest with control group design using five treatments. The five treatments were subjected to liquid dilution using the UV-Vis Spectrophotometer method to obtain minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and a solid dilution test using the Total Plate Count method to obtain minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Results: The results showed that Haruan scale chitosan proved to be effective as an antibacterial against S. sanguinis, with a MIC of 1.25% and a minimum lethal concentration of 2.5%. One-Way Anova test results showed significance for the MIC test (p = 0,000) and MBC test (p = 0.000; p < 0.05). Conclusion: Chitosan from Haruan fish scales is both inhibitory and lethal to S. sanguinis

Characterization of Streptococcus sanguis molecular receptors for Streptococcus mutans binding molecules

Background: Dental caries is a major problem in oral cavity. If dental caries causes cavity, the structure of dental hard tissue will not be reversible because of damage in the structure of the hard tissue. The early pathogenesis mechanism of dental caries is an adhesion interaction between cariogenic Streptococcus mutans microorganisms and tooth surface pellicles. The attachment involves a specific molecular component interaction between the bacterial complement molecules and the surface of the host. Streptococcus sanguis as a dominant ecology at the beginning of bacterial plaque aggregation will colonize the tooth surface earlier than S. mutans. The surface of bacterial cells can express some adesin. The bacteria also can express receptors for adhesins of other bacteria. Specific receptors for adhesions of S. Mutans bacteria are not only found in the pellicles, but also present in pioneer bacteria, such as S. sanguis. Adhesion between those bacteria is called as coagregation. Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the characterization of Streptococcus sanguis molecular receptors for Streptococcus mutans binding molecules. Method: This study used a sonication method for protein isolation of S. mutans and S. sanguis bacterial biofilms, as well as electrophoresis method using 12 % SDS-PAGE gel and Western Blot analysis. Result: Results of the protein profile analysis of S. mutans biofilms using 12% SDS-PAGE showed that there were 17 bands, each of which molecular weights was 212, 140, 81, 65, 61, 48, 45, 44, 40, 39, 33 , 25, 23, 19, 17, 12, and 11 kDa. On the other hand, results of the protein profile analysis of S. sanguis biofilms using 12% SDS-PAGE showed that there were 15 bands, each of which molecular weight was 130, 85, 65, 61, 48, 46, 40, 37, 29, 25, 23, 21, 17, 15, and 12 kDa. And, results of the analysis of S. sanguis receptor molecules using Western blot showed that there were three bands, each of which molecular weight was 130, 85, and 40 kDa. Conclusion: S. sanguis bacteria have specific receptor molecules for S. mutans bacteria with the molecular weight of 130, 85, and 40 kDa

Diversification of Ironwood Waste as Educational Dental Keychains

ABSTRACT The incidence of oral disease is primarily due to neglected dental and oral hygiene factors. The leading cause of oral hygiene problems is the lack of knowledge about dental and oral maintenance, so the behavior applied is inappropriate and tends to ignore oral hygiene.  This program aims to create media for dental and oral health counseling and increase sales.  The method used is counseling, training, mentoring, and evaluation. This program resulted in diversified ironwood waste products and promotions to convey dental and oral health messages. Diversification of ironwood waste into educational dental keychains is expected to improve the level of dental and oral health of the community, especially in South Kalimantan, and is expected to increase sales. Keywords: Diversification, Ironwood Waste, Educational Dental Keychain

The Antibacterial Activity of Actinomycetes Against the Growth of

Antibacterial compounds are generally produced from many herbal ingredients, but antibacterials may be produced from soil microbes, one of which is Actinomycetes. Actinomycetes are a soil bacterium capable of producing secondary metabolites in the form of antibacterial compounds. The antibacterial compound has the potential as an alternative antibacterial agent against oral microbes. One of the oral microbes that have a major role in the occurrence of caries is Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus. This study aimed to analyze the antibacterial activity of Actinomycetes against the growth of S. mutans and L. acidophilus Actinomycetes extracts at the concentration of 0.625%, 1.25%, 2.5%, 5%, 10%, 20%, and 40% were respectively exerted as the treatment groups while 0.12% Chlorhexidine Gluconate (CHX) and aquadest as control. The measurement of antibacterial activity is done by looking at MIC and MBC. One Way ANOVA and Post Hoc Dunnets T3 test MIC and MBC values show p=0,000 (p <0.05). Actinomycetes extract at the concentration of 0.625% was able to inhibit the growth of S. mutans and L. acidophilus which was determined as the MIC and at the concentration of 40% as MBC of S.mutans and the concentration of 10% as MBC of L. acidophilus. There was an antibacterial activity of Actinomycetes to the growth of S. mutans and L.acidophilus

Educational Dental Keychains Application in Student Team Achievement Division : Implementation of Dental and Oral Health Promotion

ABSTRACT The implications of effective, efficient, attractive dental and oral health promotion are closely related to a person's level of awareness and behavior in improving the maintenance of oral health and hygiene. The purpose of this community service is to implement the use of Educational Dental Keychains in Student Team Achievement Division as an effort to promote oral health.  The method used 6 steps, they are consisting of conveying goals and motivating students, convey goals and information, motivating students, organizing and guiding students in study groups, evaluating learning outcomes, clarification and feedback by experts and giving awards.: The application of Educational Dental Keychains in the Student Team Achievement Division as an effort to promote dental and oral health has a good influence on students' dental and oral knowledge and a good understanding of students' dental and oral health knowledge. Student knowledge increased descriptively and statistically. The use of Educational Dental Keychains and the STAD health promotion method can be applied as an effort to increase oral and dental health knowledge in children. Keyword: Educational Dental Keychains, health promotion, Student Team Achievement Division, Dental and Oral Health Knowledge, Childre