RELATIONSHIP AMONG MANGROVE STAND STRUCTURE PARAMETERS IN ESTIMATING THE COMMUNITY SCALE OF ABOVEGROUND CARBON STOCK

Mangrove merupakan ekosistem pesisir yang memiliki kemampuan sangat baik dalam menyerap dan menyimpan karbon. Struktur tegakan mangrove memberikan kontribusi signifikan terhadap estimasi simpanan karbon yang umumnya tergambarkan pada persamaan alometrik dalam skala individu. Penelitian simpanan karbon atas permukaan tanah (abovegroundada komunitas mangrove telah dilakukan di mangrove Teluk Benoa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membangun model dalam mengestimasi simpanan karbon aboveground dari beberapa parameter struktur tegakan mangrove. Metode stratified purposive sampling digunakan dalam penentuan sebaran titik penelitian. Sebanyak tiga zona (1–3) diidentifikasi berdasarkan interpretasi analisis mRE-SR (modified red edge-simple ratio) dan jenis mangrove yang mendominasi. Estimasi simpanan karbon aboveground diperoleh dengan metode non-destructive menggunakan persamaan common allometric. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan struktur tegakan mangrove zona 1 cenderung berbeda signifikan dengan zona lainnya. Secara keseluruhan, rata-rata simpanan karbon aboveground sebesar 193,45±34,88 ton C/ha. Simpanan karbon aboveground tertinggi ditemukan pada zona 1 yang didominasi jenis Sonneratia alba. Analisis regresi linear dan Akaike’s Information Criterion (AIC) menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi dari tutupan kanopi, kerapatan pohon, kerapatan pancang dan diameter pohon menjadi model terbaik dalam mengestimasi simpanan karbon pada skala komunitas. Model kombinasi ini memiliki nilai koefisien regresi tertinggi dan nilai root mean squared error (RMSE) terendah dibandingkan dengan model lainnya. Hasil penelitian diharapkan dapat digunakan dalam mengestimasi simpanan karbon secara lebih efisien dan akurat dalam skala komunitas.Mangrove is one of coastal ecosystem which has a major role to sequastrate and store carbon. Mangrove stand structure delivers a significant contribution for estimating biomass carbon stock through individual scale allometric equations. On the other hand, the aboveground carbon research on the community scale was conducted in Teluk Benoa. The study aimed to establish a model for estimating mangrove aboveground carbon stock from the multiple variables of mangrove stand structure. A stratified purposive sampling method was applied for distributing quadratic samples. Three mangrove zones (1–3) were identified using mRE-SR (modified red edge-simple ratio) interpretation based on mangrove species domination. A common allometric equation was applied for estimating aboveground carbon stock. The result showed that mangrove stand structure in zone 1 was significantly different to other zones. Aboveground carbon stock was 193.45±34.88 tons C/ha on entire sites. It was found highest in zone 1 which was dominated by Sonneratia alba. The linear regression and Akaike’s Information Criterion (AIC) analysis showed that the combination of canopy cover, tree density, sapling density and tree diameter became the best model in estimating carbon stock at the community scale. The multiple model had the highest regression coefficient and the lowest root mean square error (RMSE) value. We expect that the multiple variable model could be more efficient and accurate to estimate aboveground carbon stock on community scale

Biopori Untuk Peresapan Limpasan Air Hujan dan Pengendalian Genangan di Dusun Tanah Embet Kecamatan Batulayar

Peristiwa bencana banjir yang terjadi di Dusun Tanah Embet Kecamatan Batulayar di akhir tahun 2021 telah menyebabkan kerugian material yang sangat besar. Banjir yang terjadi karena tingginya intensitas curah hujan serta tidak berfungsinya/tidak tersediannya saluran drainase. Genangan yang terjadi membutuhkan waktu beberapa hari sampai surut sehingga kegiatan masyarakat sangat terganggu.             Selain harus menyediakan saluran drainase yang memadai cara sederhana yang bisa dilaksanakan yaitu dengan membuat/memasang bio pori pada tempat-tempat yang elevasinya rendah atau pada setiap pekarangan penduduk. Biopori akan dapat mengurangi limpasan permukaan walaupun tidak 100%. Namun demikian pemasangan bio pori akan sangat bermanfaat jikalau terjadi hujan dengan intensitas tinggi. Selain mengurangi genangan biopori juga dapat berfungsi untuk konservasi air bawah permukaan. Berdasarkan tinjauan lokasi dan analisis menunjukkan bahwa lokasi desa Tanak Embet memiliki potensi terjadi genangan karena topografinya cukup rendah dan ada aliran permukaan air hujan yang bersumber dari perbukitan. Pemasangan Biopori di Desa Tanak Embet sangat mendapat dukungan dari masyarakat setempat dan sangat mengharapkan ada tambahan dibeberapa titik yang sering mengalami genangan pada saat musim hujan. Biopori yang terpasangan berjumlah 5 titik dengan demikian diharapkan akan dapat mengurangi titik genangan yang terjadi pada saat musim huja

High Myostatin Serum Related with High Prevalence of Sarcopenia Among Elderly Population in Pedawa Village, Bali, Indonesia

BACKGROUND: Sarcopenia is defined as a decrease in muscle mass accompanied by a decrease in muscle strength and performance. Sarcopenia arises from the disruption of the complex balance between anabolic and catabolic factors. Myostatin strongly influences muscle growth inhibition. Deletion and function loss of myostatin causes hyperplasia and skeletal muscle hypertrophy.METHODS: This study was an analytical cross-sectional study. Seventy respondents aged ≥60 years in Pedawa Village, Bali, Indonesia were selected by using the stratified random sampling technique. Sarcopenia status was assessed according to Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) criteria, including muscle mass, grip strength, and walking speed. While the myostatin serum levels was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).RESULTS: The incidence of sarcopenia in the elderly was 45 people (64.3%). Based on the analysis, there was a significant difference between myostatin levels in sarcopenia subjects (47.59 ng/mL) and non-sarcopenia subjects (39.7 ng/mL). Based on the statistical calculations, it was determined that the cut-off range of myostatin levels was 48.91 ng/mL. The prevalence ratio of sarcopenia incidence based on the myostatin levels in the elderly was 3.84, while based on the combination of age risk and myostatin levels was 9.75.CONCLUSION: Based of the data, there are significant differences of myostatin level between elderly people with and without sarcopenia. The prevalence of high myostatin levels in elderly is almost 4 times higher than low myostatin levels in the elderly.KEYWORDS: myostatin, sarcopenia, elderl

Indonesian Geriatrics Society Consensus on COVID-19 Management in Older Adults

More than 80% of death cases and 95% of severe COVID-19 occur in patients aged over 60 years. Atypical clinical manifestations with high morbidity and mortality further emphasize the importance of COVID-19 management in older adults. Some older patients may appear asymptomatic while other may present with acute respiratory distress syndrome and multi organ failure. Fever, higher respiratory rate and crackles may present. The most common chest x-ray finding is ground glass opacity. Other imaging modalities that are often used are pulmonary computed tomography scan and lung ultrasonography. COVID-19 management in older adults should be comprehensive, starting from oxygen, fluid, nutritional, physical rehabilitation, pharmacology and psychosocial therapy. In this consensus, we also discuss about management of older adults with special condition such as diabetes mellitus, kidney disease, malignancy, frailty, delirium, immobilization and dementia. In post COVID-19 phase, we believe that physical rehabilitation is important as it is done to improve fitness. keywords : COVID-19; older adults; consensus; managemen

ANALISIS POTENSI DISTRIBUSI AIR IRIGASI SISTEM IRIGASI TETES BERTINGKAT UNTUK USAHA TANI DI PERMUKIMAN PERKOTAAN

Agricultural activities in urban housing need to be supported by adequate irrigation systems such as efficient drip irrigation. In addition, drip irrigation does not require a large area or large amount of water, but with limited land area and water sources, horticultural crop farming can be carried out. By using polybags as a planting medium and with drip irrigation, more planting points will be obtained. To obtain a guarantee that the multilevel drip irrigation system can be applied properly, it is necessary to test it so that the ability to use irrigation is known. This study aims to determine the ability of stratified drip irrigation on the distribution of irrigation volume and the provision of soil moisture (w) in polybags, at each level of polybag land. The research was conducted on land measuring 1m x 2m x 4 m, water source from 150 liter tank, irrigation network from ¾”, ½”, and ¼” PVC pipe and 12 mm Netafim (NTF) drip pipe. Data analysis was carried out on uniformity, irrigation volume, soil moisture (w) and irrigation pattern. The irrigation test for 5 minutes showed that the average irrigation diversity was above 98% and the deviation of the irrigation volume for each level was an average of 15 ml. The resulting soil moisture levels 1, 2, and 3 are 13.4%, 5.5%, and 3.9%, respectively. To obtain the same irrigation volume, drip irrigation should be carried out in turns with different durations.Kegiatan pertanian di perumahan perkotaan perlu didukung oleh sistem irigasi yang memadai seperti irigasi tetes yang efisien. Selain itu irigasi tetes tidak membutuhkan lahan yang luas maupun jumlah air yang besar, tetapi pada luas lahan dan sumber air yang terbatas usahatani tanaman horti kultura akan dapat dilakukan. Dengan pemanfaatan polybag sebagai media tanam dan dengan irigasi tetes yang bertingkat, akan diperoleh lebih banyak jumlah titik tanam. Untuk memperoleh jaminan sistem irigasi tetes bertingkat dapat diaplikasikan dengan baik, maka perlu diuji agar diketahui kemampuan dalam penggunaan irigasi tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan irigasi tetes bertingkat terhadap distribusi volume irigasi dan pemberian lengas tanah (w) pada polybag, pada masing masing tingkat lahan polybag. Penelitian dilakukan pada lahan berukuran 1m x 2m x 4 m, sumber air dari tangki 150 liter, jaringan irigasi dari pipa pvc ¾”, ½” dan ¼” dan pipa tetes Netafim (NTF) 12 mm. Analisis data dilakukan terhadap keseragaman, volume irigasi, lengas tanah (w) dan pola irigasi. Uji irigasi selama 5 menit menunjukkan hasil keragaman irigasi  rata-rata di atas 98% dan  deviasi volume irigasi tiap tingkat rata-rata 15 ml. Lengas tanah yang dihasilkan tingkat 1, 2, dan 3 berturut-turut adalah 13.4%, 5.5%, dan 3.9%. Untuk memperoleh volume irigasi yang sama sebaiknya irigasi tetes bertingkat dilakukan secara bergiliran dengan durasi yang berbeda