3 research outputs found
ΠΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΡΠΊΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ° ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅ Π³ΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΡΠΌΠΊΠΈ (1600-1200. Π³.ΠΏ.Π½.Π΅.) ΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ° Π Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π° (ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΡΠΊΠ° ΠΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ°) ΠΈ ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎ (ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΠΎ)
ΠΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π·Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ°Π²Π°ΡΠ° Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΈ Π‘ΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° 2012. ΠΈ 2013. Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅, Π½Π° Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ° Π Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π° (ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΡΠΊΠ° ΠΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ°) ΠΈ ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎ (Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΠΎ) ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΡ Π΄Π²Π° Π³ΡΠΎΠ±Π° Π·Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠ° Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΏΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅ Π³ΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΈΡ
Ρ
ΡΠΌΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»Π° ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π° ΡΠΊΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ Ρ Π³ΡΠΎΠ±Ρ 1 ΡΠ° Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ° Π Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π° (ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΡΠΊΠ° ΠΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ°) ΠΏΡΠΈΠΏΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΠΊΠΎ 10 Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°, Π΄ΠΎΠΊ ΡΠΊΠ΅Π»Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π³ΡΠΎΠ±Ρ 1 ΡΠ° Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎ (ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΠΎ) ΠΏΡΠΈΠΏΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΌΠ»Π°ΡΠΎΡ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΈ ΠΌΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π° ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ 15 β18 Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»Π° Π΄Π° Π½ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ Π½ΠΈ ΠΌΠ»Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΌΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Ρ Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π΅ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ°, ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΠΈ Π΄Π° ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ Ρ ΡΠΎΠΊΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΡΡΡΠ²Π°, Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ΅ Π·Π°Π±Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Ρ
ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π·ΡΠ±Π½Π΅ Π³Π»Π΅Ρ ΠΈ ΠΈ cribraorbitaliae. ΠΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ ΡΠΎΠ³Π°, ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π·ΡΠ±Ρ, Π΄ΠΎΠΊ ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Π·Π°Π±Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π½Π° Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π·ΡΠ±Π°, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΈΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅, Π»ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ°Π»Π½Π΅ Ρ
ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π΅ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅, ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ Π·Π°Π±Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ²Π° Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π·ΡΠ±Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ βΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΊΠ΅β. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ° ΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ ΠΌΠ»Π°ΡΠ΅Π³ ΠΌΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»Π° ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΡΠ°ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°Π΄ ΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ³ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΡΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΠΈ Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρ Π»Π΅Π·ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ° Ρ
ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ° ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·Π°. ΠΡΠΈΡΡΡΠ½Π° Π·Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ Π΄ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡΠ° ΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΡΠ΅ Π½Π° Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ°Ρ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ²Π° ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ° Π±ΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠ° ΡΠ³ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° (13C) ΠΈ Π°Π·ΠΎΡΠ° (15N), ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΡ Π΄Π° ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»Π΅ ΠΈΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π±Π°Π·ΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ Π½Π° C4 Π±ΠΈΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ°, ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎ, Π΄ΠΎΠΊ ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ±Π΅ Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π·Π°ΡΡΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ. ΠΠ±Π°Π²ΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π°ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ»Π° Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°, ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΠΈ Π°Π½ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅ ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ°. ΠΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΏΠ°Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅ Π·Π° ΡΠ°Π΄Π° ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΊΡΠ΄Π½Π°, ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ³Π° Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°, ΠΈΠ°ΠΊΠΎ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
, ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ° Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠ½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΎΡΡ, Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΈ ΠΈΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈ Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΠ° ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅ Π³ΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΈΡ
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ΡΠΌΠΊΠΈ
Living off the land : Terrestrial-based diet and dairying in the farming communities of the Neolithic Balkans
The application of biomolecular techniques to archaeological materials from the Balkans is providing valuable new information on the prehistory of the region. This is especially relevant for the study of the neolithisation process in SE Europe, which gradually affected the rest of the continent. Here, to answer questions regarding diet and subsistence practices in early farming societies in the central Balkans, we combine organic residue analyses of archaeological pottery, taxonomic and isotopic study of domestic animal remains and biomolecular analyses of human dental calculus. The results from the analyses of the lipid residues from pottery suggest that milk was processed in ceramic vessels. Dairy products were shown to be part of the subsistence strategies of the earliest Neolithic communities in the region but were of varying importance in different areas of the Balkan. Conversely, milk proteins were not detected within the dental calculus. The molecular and isotopic identification of meat, dairy, plants and beeswax in the pottery lipids also provided insights into the diversity of diet in these early Neolithic communities, mainly based on terrestrial resources. We also present the first compound-specific radiocarbon dates for the region, obtained directly from absorbed organic residues extracted from pottery, identified as dairy lipids
Copper production and supra-regional exchange networks ? Cu-matte smelting in the Balkans between 2000 and 1500 BC
The Balkan Peninsula played a crucial role for the introduction of metallurgy during the Copper Age and numerous archaeometallurgical examinations have delivered highly interesting insights on this topic. However, there is a lack of systematic analytical research on copper ore smelting and metal exchange for the later Bronze Age. In this paper we focus on the first archaeometallurgical results of slags from the sites Ruz?ana, Trnjane and C?oka Njica, Eastern Serbia, complimented by the discussion of XRF and lead isotope analyses carried out on 28 copper-based artefacts. Importantly, radiocarbon dating from these sites points to copper production already being undertaken at the end of the Early Bronze Age (19th?18th centuries BC), more than 500 years earlier than previously assumed. This enables us to investigate the flow of metal during the 1st half of the 2nd millennium BC. The analyses of the metallurgical slags indicate a copper matte smelting process in small open pit furnaces and the use of local sulfidic copper ore sources. The fact that these intensive smelting activities in Eastern Serbia can be paralleled with the early production hotspots in central Europe e.g. on the Hochko?nig (Mitterberg mining areas) sheds new light on the development of copper based metallurgy in Europe. At the same time, the evidence from Eastern Serbia shows that this area was a source of raw material for copper and bronze alloys providing a regional and supra-regional perspective. Furthermore, our analyses revealed the remarkable result, that by the start of the Middle Bronze Age (ca. 1700 BC) copper from the Northern Italian mining areas in the Trentino region also reached the western and central Balkans