Multi-Class Support Vector Machine Classification for Detecting Alopecia Areata and Scalp Diseases

Alopecia Areata is a health condition marked by the absence of hair in specific regions, such as the scalp, face, and parts of the body. It occurs due to an autoimmune reaction where the body's immune system erroneously targets the hair follicles, leading to irregular hair loss patterns. It can affect people of all ages, genders, and ethnicities, and it is estimated to affect about 2% of the population worldwide. Timely identification and precise diagnosis of this condition are crucial in order to implement effective treatment strategies. The most common type of alopecia is alopecia areata (AA), which is typically detected and diagnosed using medical image processing models. In this study, we describe a unique method for image processing that incorporates a multiclass support vector machine classification approach. Our proposed methodology aims to attain accurate detection and categorization of a wide range of scalp issues, encompassing Alopecia Areata and other related conditions. The proposed approach entails capturing images of individuals with alopecia disease, enhancing the quality of the images through preprocessing techniques, and extracting distinctive features from scalp images using a range of image processing methods. Next, the extracted features are fed into a Multi-class SVM classifier, and a machine learning model is trained to achieve precise classification of the various conditions associated with alopecia areata. The evaluation of the proposed method using hair and scalp image databases demonstrates that the Multi-class SVM model achieves an accuracy of 89.3%, outperforming other models in terms of classification accuracy

Pollen grains of poisonous plants

Nectars and pollen grains of poisonous plants contain various toxic ingredients. Bees generally do not visit these plants as long as there is a good supply of nectar and pollen from their usual forage plants. But every locality has a floral gap during the seasonal cycles when there is an acute shortage of normal nectars and pollcn grains. If a colony has not stored adequate food reserves to tide it over such adverse periods, starvation impels them to forage even on unpalatable poisonous plants

Newspaper – an ICT Instrument to Facilitate Teaching-Learning Process

Proficiency in English language can be a driving force for a person to excel in his/her careers, either at national or international level. Recent statistics indicate that the readership of newspapers, more particularly, that of English newspapers has increased to an appreciable level, and it is this strand which needs to be exploited. In spite of the digital revolution, the sheen of print media has not faded. Edgar Dale’s ‘Cone of Experience’ explicitly states that decoding the textual symbols is at the top of the cone, and thus by reading newspapers, one not only strengthens LSRW skills but also enhances higher order skills – problem solving, research, editorial, autonomous learning competence, and critical analysis. In the teaching- learning process, blended learning and flipped classroom are some methods which can be employed in the process of using newspaper as a learning device. Through activities like description, analysis, and synthesis; comparison and contrast; process description - learners will be able to upgrade their cognitive skills

Angular separations of the lensed QSO images

We have analyzed the observed image separations of the gravitationally lensed images of QSOs for a possible correlation with the source redshift. Contrary to the previously noted anti-correlation based on a smaller data set, no correlation is found for the currently available data. We have calculated the average image separations of the lensed QSOs as a function of source redshifts, for isothermal spheres with cores in a flat universe, taking into account the amplification bias caused by lensing. The shape of the distribution of average image separation as a function of redshift is very robust and is insensitive to most model parameters. Observations are found to be roughly consistent with the theoretical results for models which assume the lens distribution to be (i) Schechter luminosity function which, however, can not produce images with large separation and (ii) the mass condensations in a cold dark matter universe, as given by the Press-Schechter theory if an upper limit of 1-7$\times 10^{13}$ M$\odot$ is assumed on the mass of the condensations.Comment: 20 pages, 7 postscript figures, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journa

Mathematical Model: Comparative Study of Thermal Effects of Laser in Corneal Refractive Surgeries

Lasers have been widely used in ophthalmology. Refractive errors are some of the most common ophthalmic abnormalities worldwide. Laser refractive surgery was developed to correct refractive errors myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism. Two types of laser surgical techniques: lamellar and thermal are available to reshape the corneal curvature. Ultraviolet (UV) emitting argon fluoride (ArF) excimer laser is used to sculpt cornea in lamellar procedures, whereas, infrared (IR) emitting holmium yttrium aluminum garnet (Ho: YAG) laser is used to shrink cornea in thermal procedure. Tissue heating is common in all types of laser surgical techniques. Hence, in this paper, a finite element model is developed to investigate the temperature distribution of cornea in different laser refractive surgeries. Characteristics of optical and thermal processes and influence of the parameters of radiation and tissues on the results of laser action are investigated. The results of mathematical modeling in different surgical techniques are discussed, compared, and validated with experimental results

Robust recognition technique for handwritten Kannada character recognition using capsule networks

Automated reading of handwritten Kannada documents is highly challenging due to the presence of vowels, consonants and its modifiers. The variable nature of handwriting styles aggravates the complexity of machine based reading of handwritten vowels and consonants. In this paper, our investigation is inclined towards design of a deep convolution network with capsule and routing layers to efficiently recognize  Kannada handwritten characters.  Capsule network architecture is built of an input layer,  two convolution layers, primary capsule, routing capsule layers followed by tri-level dense convolution layer and an output layer.  For experimentation, datasets are collected from more than 100 users for creation of training data samples of about 7769 comprising of 49 classes. Test samples of all the 49 classes are again collected separately from 3 to 5 users creating a total of 245 samples for novel patterns. It is inferred from performance evaluation; a loss of 0.66% is obtained in the classification process and for 43 classes precision of 100% is achieved with an accuracy of 99%. An average accuracy of 95% is achieved for all remaining 6 classes with an average precision of 89%

Global Integration and Rupee Depreciation: Are Times Good Forward?

The S&P BSE Sensex has plunged over 1,000 points so far in August, weighed by a host of factors, including weakness in the currency, possible tapering of US Fed's bond-buying program and threats of ratings downgrade. The Indian rupee has depreciated by over ten per cent since May 2, 2013 against the US dollar, and eleven per cent against the Euro. Depreciating currency will adversely impact capital-intensive sectors and firms with foreign borrowings and those who import raw materials heavily. Automobiles, capital goods, petroleum, power and telecom companies will bear the brunt of a weak rupee. But sectors such as software services and pharma, with major export revenues, will benefit. The rupee's decline in the last six months has deep consequences for the Indian economy and various asset classes. Thus in the study, we examined the impact of rupee depreciation on broad and sectoral indices of BSE and NSE markets. Sample T-tests for means and variances were conducted on both the price returns and volume changes to understand the behavior of stock market in unison. The study finds conclusive evidence of impact of rupee depreciation on indices considered

Microstrip Patch Antenna for GPS Application

The study and the design of rectangular microstrip patch antenna for multiband applications are presented in this paper. They can be simulated on antenna design software’s such as High Frequency Simulation Software (HFSS), Advanced Design System Momentum (ADS) and Agilent Vector Network Analyzer (E8361A) where different feeding techniques have been deployed to get the desired results. Two rectangular microstrip patch antennas of frequencies 1.5 GHz and 2.4 GHz are designed and simulated on HFSS

Microstrip Patch Antenna for GPS Application

The study and the design of rectangular microstrip patch antenna for multiband applications are presented in this paper. They can be simulated on antenna design software’s such as High Frequency Simulation Software (HFSS), Advanced Design System Momentum (ADS) and Agilent Vector Network Analyzer (E8361A) where different feeding techniques have been deployed to get the desired results. Two rectangular microstrip patch antennas of frequencies 1.5 GHz and 2.4 GHz are designed and simulated on HFSS

Atmospheric concentration of pollen grains at human height

An atmospheric survey at human height (1.5-1.8 ft) was carried out from February 1988 to January 1990, in four different ecozones of the Delhi metropolis. The samples were collected by using Burkard Personal Volumetric Sampler at weekly intervals. The sampler was operating for 15 min three times a day (07, 14, 20 hrs). Altogether, 84 pollen types were identified. Some of the dominant pollen types recorded were Poaceae (25.1%), Cheno/Amaranthaceae (14.5%) and Ricinus communis (12.3%) followed by Morus, Cannabis, Prosopis, Parthenium and Artemisia. Weekly variations were recorded for the total number of pollen of different types in different months. Two major pollen seasons 1. February - April and 2. August - October were observed, although pollen was recorded throughout the year. Significant variation in total and individual pollen concentration was recorded from different inhabited areas in the same urban locality. Any definite daily pattern in the occurrence of pollen was not recorded. The concentration at lower height was also poor