The multifragmentation of spectator matter

We present the first microscopic calculation of the spectator fragmentation observed in heavy ion reactions at relativistic energies which reproduces the slope of the kinetic energy spectra of the fragments as well as their multiplicity, both measured by the ALADIN collaboration. In the past both have been explained in thermal models, however with vastly different assumptions about the excitation energy and the density of the system. We show that both observables are dominated by dynamical processes and that the system does not pass a state of thermal equilibrium. These findings question the recent conjecture that in these collisions a phase transition of first order, similar to that between water and vapor, can be observed.Comment: 7 page

A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON AGNIKARMA AND INDIGENOUS DRUGS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF JANU SANDHIGATA VATA W.S.R. TO OSTEOARTHRITIS OF KNEE JOINT

Sandhigatavata is the most common joint disorder worldwide. Sandhigatavata is a Vatavyadhi affecting people in the Vardhakyaavastha. The disease is characterized by Dhatukshaya and Lakshanas reflective of vitiated Vata. Therefore, the agents / therapies which are Vatahara, Shoolahara and Stambhahara properties should be advised in this disease. The study is focused on rectification of vitiated Vayu by Agnikarma and internal medication which helps to subside the Rooksha and Sheetaguna of Vata. Objectives: The study is aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Indigenous drugs (Indravaruni, Pippaali with Jaggery) in the management of Janusandhigatavata and to compare the effects of Agnikarma and Indigenous drugs in management of Janusandhigatavata. Method: The present study is ‘Comparative clinical trial’. Study was done in two groups. In this study, Agnikarma received group of patients were compared with orally treated group of patients. Result: Comparatively both the groups have almost same significance in the parameters. In terms of two parameters especially in pain and range of movements, Agnikarma treated patients showed very good result. Interpretation: On the basis of the results of both the groups it was observed that, both the groups have almost same significance in the parameters. But Group-B shows more net mean effect and long lasting effect even in follow-up period. With respect to the parameters in pain and in range of movements, Agnikarma treated patients showed very good response. Conclusion: Agnikarma was found very effective in the management of Janusandhigatavata

Polarographic Determination of Dimethylgly-oximates after Extraction with Naphthalene: Trace Analysis of Ni(II) & Pd(II)

72-7

Dynamic van der Waals Theory of two-phase fluids in heat flow

We present a dynamic van der Waals theory. It is useful to study phase separation when the temperature varies in space. We show that if heat flow is applied to liquid suspending a gas droplet at zero gravity, a convective flow occurs such that the temperature gradient within the droplet nearly vanishes. As the heat flux is increased, the droplet becomes attached to the heated wall that is wetted by liquid in equilibrium. In one case corresponding to partial wetting by gas, an apparent contact angle can be defined. In the ther case with larger heat flux, the droplet completely wets the heated wall expelling liquid.Comment: 6pages, 8figure

Cerebral spectroscopic and oxidative stress studies in patients with schizophrenia who have dangerously violently offended

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The aim of this study was to bring together all the results of <it>in vivo </it>studies of ethane excretion and cerebral spectroscopy in patients with schizophrenia who have dangerously seriously violently offended in order to determine the extent to which they shed light on the degree to which the membrane phospholipid hypothesis and the actions of free radicals and other reactive species are associated with cerebral pathophysiological mechanisms in this group of patients.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The patients investigated were inpatients from a medium secure unit with a DSM-IV-TR diagnosis of schizophrenia. There was no history of alcohol dependency or any other comorbid psychoactive substance misuse disorder. Expert psychiatric opinion, accepted in court, was that all these patients had violently offended directly as a result of schizophrenia prior to admission. These offences consisted of homicide, attempted murder or wounding with intent to cause grievous bodily harm. Excreted ethane was analyzed and quantified by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (<it>m</it>/<it>z </it>= 30). 31-phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy data were obtained at a magnetic field strength of 1.5 T using an image-selected <it>in vivo </it>spectroscopy sequence (TR = 10 s; 64 signal averages localized on a 70 × 70 × 70 mm³voxel).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Compared with age- and sex-matched controls, in the patient group the mean alveolar ethane level was higher (<it>p </it>< 0.0005), the mean cerebral beta-nucleotide triphosphate was lower (<it>p </it>< 0.04) and the mean gamma-nucleotide triphosphate was higher (<it>p </it>< 0.04). There was no significant difference between the two groups in respect of phosphomonoesters, phosphodiesters or broad resonances.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our results are not necessarily inconsistent with the membrane phospholipid hypothesis, given that the patients studied suffered predominantly from positive symptoms of schizophrenia. The results suggest that there is increased cerebral mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in patients with schizophrenia who have dangerously and seriously violently offended, with an associated increase in oxygen flux and subsequent electron 'leakage' from the electron transport chain leading to the formation of superoxide radicals and other reactive oxygen species. In turn, these reactive species might cause increased lipid peroxidation in neuroglial membranes, thereby accounting for the observation of increased ethane excretion.</p

Physicochemical Properties of Vegetable Proteins: Part V- Complexes of Vegetable Proteins with Zn(II), Co(II) & Ni(II)

311-31

Physicochemical Properties of Vegetable Proteins: Part VIII- Interaction of Proteins with Iodine in Vapour & Dissolved States

936-94

Physico-chemical Properties of Vegetable Proteins: Part IV- Flocculation of Protein Sols Stabilized at Different pH Values by Electrolytes

530-53

Executive function in first-episode schizophrenia

BACKGROUND: We tested the hypothesis that schizophrenia is primarily a frontostriatal disorder by examining executive function in first-episode patients. Previous studies have shown either equal decrements in many cognitive domains or specific deficits in memory. Such studies have grouped test results or have used few executive measures, thus, possibly losing information. We, therefore, measured a range of executive ability with tests known to be sensitive to frontal lobe function. METHODS: Thirty first-episode schizophrenic patients and 30 normal volunteers, matched for age and NART IQ, were tested on computerized test of planning, spatial working memory and attentional set shifting from the Cambridge Automated Neuropsychological Test Battery. Computerized and traditional tests of memory were also administered for comparison. RESULTS: Patients were worse on all tests but the profile was non-uniform. A componential analysis indicated that the patients were characterized by a poor ability to think ahead and organize responses but an intact ability to switch attention and inhibit prepotent responses. Patients also demonstrated poor memory, especially for free recall of a story and associate learning of unrelated word pairs. CONCLUSIONS: In contradistinction to previous studies, schizophrenic patients do have profound executive impairments at the beginning of the illness. However, these concern planning and strategy use rather than attentional set shifting, which is generally unimpaired. Previous findings in more chronic patients, of severe attentional set shifting impairment, suggest that executive cognitive deficits are progressive during the course of schizophrenia. The finding of severe mnemonic impairment at first episode suggests that cognitive deficits are not restricted to one cognitive domain