The multifragmentation of spectator matter

We present the first microscopic calculation of the spectator fragmentation observed in heavy ion reactions at relativistic energies which reproduces the slope of the kinetic energy spectra of the fragments as well as their multiplicity, both measured by the ALADIN collaboration. In the past both have been explained in thermal models, however with vastly different assumptions about the excitation energy and the density of the system. We show that both observables are dominated by dynamical processes and that the system does not pass a state of thermal equilibrium. These findings question the recent conjecture that in these collisions a phase transition of first order, similar to that between water and vapor, can be observed.Comment: 7 page

Crossover in Growth Law and Violation of Superuniversality in the Random Field Ising Model

We study the nonconserved phase ordering dynamics of the d = 2, 3 random field Ising model, quenched to below the critical temperature. Motivated by the puzzling results of previous work in two and three di- mensions, reporting a crossover from power-law to logarithmic growth, together with superuniversal behavior of the correlation function, we have undertaken a careful investigation of both the domain growth law and the autocorrelation function. Our main results are as follows: We confirm the crossover to asymptotic logarithmic behavior in the growth law, but, at variance with previous findings, the exponent in the preasymptotic power law is disorder-dependent, rather than being the one of the pure system. Furthermore, we find that the autocorre- lation function does not display superuniversal behavior. This restores consistency with previous results for the d = 1 system, and fits nicely into the unifying scaling scheme we have recently proposed in the study of the random bond Ising model.Comment: To be published in Physical Review

Domain Growth in Random Magnets

We study the kinetics of domain growth in ferromagnets with random exchange interactions. We present detailed Monte Carlo results for the nonconserved random-bond Ising model, which are consistent with power-law growth with a variable exponent. These results are interpreted in the context of disorder barriers with a logarithmic dependence on the domain size. Further, we clarify the implications of logarithmic barriers for both nonconserved and conserved domain growth.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure

Mass-Transport Models with Fragmentation and Aggregation

We present a review of nonequilibrium phase transitions in mass-transport models with kinetic processes like fragmentation, diffusion, aggregation, etc. These models have been used extensively to study a wide range of physical problems. We provide a detailed discussion of the analytical and numerical techniques used to study mass-transport phenomena.Comment: 29 pages, 4 figure

From fusion to total disassembly: global stopping in heavy-ion collisions

Using the quantum molecular dynamics model, we aim to investigate the emis- sion of light complex particles, and degree of stopping reached in heavy-ion colli- sions. We took incident energies between 50 and 1000 MeV/nucleon. In addition, central and peripheral collisions and different masses are also considered. We ob- serve that the light complex particles act in almost similar manner as anisotropic ratio. In other words, multiplicity of light complex particles is an indicator of global stopping in heavy-ion collisions. We see that maximum light complex particles and stopping is obtained for heavier masses in central collisions

Capitalism in American Society as Represented in Upton Sinclair's the Jungle

Nowadays, there is a phenomena about capitalism which becomes the main system in the world. Although capitalism becomes the main system in the world, there are some criticisms to capitalism. In one viewpoint, capitalism gives much wealth to capitalist class. On the other hand, capitalism becomes the main problem that gives miserable life to working class who is oftenly exploited by capitalist class in order to get profit, as represented in Upton Sinclair's The Jungle. In this thesis, the writer is interested to analyse how capitalism influences the miserable life of working class. The writer analyses a novel entitled The Jungle by Upton Sinclair as the object of research. The focus of this thesis is how capitalism becomes the main factor which causes the miserable life of working class. The main purpose of this thesis writing is to show the criticism to capitalism that gives miserable life to working class as represented in Upton Sinclair's The Jungle. In analysing the data, the writer uses library research method. In analysing intrinsic aspects of the novel, the writer uses some theories about theme, setting, character, and plot. While in analysing the extrinsic aspects of the novel, the writer uses some theories about capitalism, Marxist Literary Criticism, and alienation. The result of the research shows that there are a lot of criticisms to capitalism because capitalism becomes the main factor that gives miserable life to working class. In The Jungle, capitalism gives influence to social aspects of human life that lead the miserable life of Jugis and his family as the representation of working class. Capitalists class also exploits and treats working class badly. Moreover, there is a phenomena about alienation which estranges Jurgis and his family from humanitarian values as the effect of capitalism. Based on the result of the research, it can be concluded that capitalism fails in giving prosperity to working class, even capitalism becomes the main factor that gives miserable life to working class