Alternativas de fertilización nitrogenada en maíz bajo riego por pivot central

Título alternativo : Alternativas de fertilização com nitrogênio no milho sob irrigação por pivô centralIn the last 15 years, there has been an expansion of the use of center-pivots for irrigation in Uruguay. This equipment allows the application of diluted fertilizer in the irrigation water. The study aimed to generate information on fertilization strategies with nitrogen (N) in irrigated maize crops. A study was performed where five treatments were evaluated: T0, without additional nitrogen fertilization to the basal sowing fertilization; C0, cover fertilization with 150 Kg N ha⁻¹ split in three (V3) and seven leaves (V7); F1, idem “C0” but with liquid fertilizer in water; F2, 150 Kg N ha⁻¹ as liquid fertilizer in water split weekly from V3 to reproductive stage (R1); F3, idem "F2" but with 225 Kg N ha⁻¹. Irrigation was done according to water balance and the soil moisture was measured with an FDR probe. The N plant level and biomass were evaluated in states V3, V6, R1 and physiological maturity (R6). The grain yield was determined at harvest. The correlation between the color values and Color Index (InCol) was analyzed in R1 using aerial photography and software, with: % N; biomass; Nitrogen Sufficiency Index (NSI); and grain yield (kg ha⁻¹). The yield was higher in the treatment with the highest N dose, with no significant differences. No differences were found between the sources of N (sulfur urea and Fertec®) for the evaluated variables. A high correlation was obtained between the colors and the InCol and the cultivation variables.En los últimos 15 años, ha habido una expansión del uso de pivotes centrales para riego en Uruguay. Estos equipos permiten la aplicación de fertilizante con el riego. El objetivo fue generar información sobre estrategias de fertilización con nitrógeno (N) en maíz regado. Se instaló un experimento con 5 tratamientos: T0, sin fertilización nitrogenada adicional a la basal de la siembra; C0, fertilización en cobertura con 150 kg N ha⁻¹ fraccionado en tres (V3) y siete hojas (V7) de estado de desarrollo; F1, ídem a “C0” pero con fertilizante diluido en agua; F2,150 kg N ha⁻¹ como fertilizante diluido en agua, fraccionado semanalmente desde V3 hasta estado reproductivo (R1); F3, ídem a “F2” pero con 225 kg N ha⁻¹. Se manejó el riego a partir de un balance hídrico y se midió la humedad en el suelo con sonda FDR. Se evaluó contenido de N en planta y biomasa en los estados V3, V6, R1 y madurez fisiológica (R6). A cosecha se determinó el rendimiento en grano. En R1 mediante foto aérea del cultivo y software se analizó la correlación entre los valores de color e Índice de Color (InCol) con: %N; biomasa; Índice de Suficiencia de Nitrógeno (ISN); y rendimiento de grano (kg ha⁻¹). El rendimiento fue superior en el tratamiento con mayor dosis de N, sin detectar diferencias significativas. No se encontraron diferencias entre las fuentes de N (urea azufrada y Fertec®). Se obtuvo alta correlación entre los colores e InCol y las variables del cultivo analizadas.Nos últimos 15 anos, no Uruguai, houve uma expansão do uso de pivôs centrais para irrigação. Esses equipamentos permitem a aplicação de fertilizantes diluídos nas irrigaçãoes. O objetivo foi gerar informações sobre estratégias de fertilização com nitrogênio (N) no milho irrigado. Foram avaliados 5 tratamentos: T0, sem fertilização com nitrogênio adicional à fertilização de base da semeadura; C0, adubação em cobertura com 150 kg N ha⁻¹ dividido em três (V3) e sete (V7) folhas do estádio de desenvolvimento; F1, igual a “C0” mas com fertilizante diluído em água; F2, 150 kg N ha⁻¹ como fertilizante diluído em água, fracionado semanalmente de V3 ao estado reprodutivo (R1); F3, idem para “F2” mas com 225 kg N ha⁻¹. Foi regado de acordo com o balanço hídrico e a umidade do solo foi medida com uma sonda FDR. A concentração de N da planta e biomassa foram avaliadas nos estágios V3, V6, R1 e maturidade fisiológica (R6). Na colheita, foi determinado o rendimento de grãos. No R1, por meio de foto aérea e software, foi analisada a correlação entre os valores de cor e o Índice de Cor (InCol) com:% N; biomassa; Índice de Suficiência de Nitrogênio (ISN); e rendimento de grãos (kg ha⁻¹). O desempenho foi superior no tratamento com a maior dose de N, sem detectar diferenças significativas. Não foram encontradas diferenças entre as fontes de N (enxofre uréia e Fertec®). Uma alta correlação foi obtida entre as cores e o InCol e as variáveis de cultivo analisadas

Characterization of the physical capacity in children of the Chilean national program of cystic fibrosis

Introduction: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited, progressive, multisystem disease. Better physical capacity may slow disease progression, thus improving prognosis and survival. The objective of this research was to evaluate the physical capacity of children admitted to the National CF Program of the Metropolitan Region, Chile. Patients and Method: A multicenter, cross-sectional study design was used. The inclusion criteria were children aged 6 to 12 years enrolled in the National CF Program; Tanner sexual maturity stage I, no respiratory exacerbations in the last 30 days, and no musculoskeletal pathologies. The maximum aerobic capacity was assessed through the peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak) and determined with an incremental protocol in a magnetic cycle ergometer connected to an ergo-spirometer with which, at the same time, respiratory gases, oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production values every 30 seconds, anaerobic threshold, and maximum workload were analyzed. The values of forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC ratio, and forced expiratory flows between 25% and 75% of vital capacity were assessed through ergo-spirometry. At the beginning of the ergo-spirometry, arterial oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, heart rate, blood pressure, tidal volume and the perception of lower extremity fatigue and dyspnea were recorded using the modified Borg scale. The test lasted approximately 10 minutes. Results: The clinical records of 43 children collected from six health centers were reviewed. Out of these, 29 children met inclusion criteria, and 23 were recruited. Two children were unable to participate, reducing the final subject group to 21 (13 males, 8 females). The mean age was 8.8 ± 2 years; weight 30.5 ± 10.9 kg; height 1.32 ± 0.11 m; and body mass index 17.1 ± 3.5 (z-score 0.01 ± 1.34). More than half of the children (61%) had normal weight. The obtained VO2 peak was 43.7 ± 6.5 ml/min/kg (106.7 ± 19.8% of the predictive values). Only 10% of the children had values lower than those predicted by sex and age. No correlations were found between VO2 peak and anthropometric and pulmonary function variables. Conclusion: Most of the evaluated children (90%) had physical capacity similar to healthy subjects by sex and age

Tan lejos, tan cerca. Espacios tradicionales y alternativos para el estudio de la arquitectura y de las ciudades antiguas y medievales

Esta ponencia parte de la hipótesis de que el programa del Nivel 1 de la asignatura Historia de la Arquitectura (FADU, UBA) implica problemas particulares; la distancia espacio-temporal de la arquitectura y de las ciudades antiguas y medievales dificulta el acceso directo a los objetos de estudio, volviendo imprescindible el manejo de fuentes secundarias. Este asunto plantea la necesidad de generar herramientas didácticas para el abordaje de esas fuentes y de proponer prácticas alternativas para el estudio de esos objetos. En nuestro curso 2015se propusieron actividades teórico-prácticas tendientes a acercar a los estudiantes a la bibliografía, a las ciudades ya las obras de arquitectura. De tal modo, se diseñaron un grupo de trabajos prácticos(TP) con foco en la lectoescritura y un abanico de ejercicios teóricos que buscaban abordar el programa de la asignatura desde perspectivas no convencionales. En el primer cuatrimestre se realizaron dos trabajos prácticos que, con énfasis en las ciudades y en las obras respectivamente, y en tres etapas (individual, grupal y colectiva), invitaban a cada alumno a hacerse cargo de un libro para dar cuenta del enfoque propio de cada autor, favorecer el análisis comparativo entre textos y detectar temas de estudio de su interés a desarrollar en el segundo cuatrimestre. También se llevaron adelante, además de clases teóricas, tres ejercicios al inicio, al promediar y al finalizar la cursada, que proponían reflexiones acerca de las ciudades y la arquitectura desde aproximaciones extradisciplinares: a.se organizaron mesas de exposición donde cada docente recurría a diversas manifestaciones artísticas en el contexto de una unidad programática (textos literarios, selecciones fílmicas, obras teatrales y piezas musicales, entre otras); b. se trazaron itinerarios urbanos para visitar obras arquitectónicas programáticamente afines (hipódromo, templos religiosos, etc.); c. se realizó una actividad de “trabajo transversal” a partir de una serie de campos conceptuales, junto con los Niveles 2 y 3 de la Cátedra. Se espera, a partir del relato de estas experiencias, invitar a la reflexión acerca de problemáticas específicas que atañen al abordaje y a la enseñanza-aprendizaje de la arquitectura y las ciudades antiguas y medievales.Fill: Mónica Brazeiro, FADU-UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentin

The novel RHD c.325A>G single nucleotide variation found in Argentineans leads to a partial D phenotype

One novel RHD allele was detected in the analysed population of Argentina. The missense mutation c.325A>G is responsible for the amino acidic change p.Thr109Ala, predicted to be in the extracellular boundary of the fourth transmembrane segment of the RhD protein. This new allele has been submitted to GenBank with accession number MN262645 and was designated by the ISBT as RHD*66. The polymorphism had been annotated as rs1376983227 in the GnomAD database and is present in only one African individual with an allele frequency of 0.00006424. Interestingly, the three samples harboring the aforementioned mutation showed the agglutination pattern of a DFR phenotype as indicated by the ID-Partial RhD typing set (Table 1). While the already-reported five DFR variants result from hybrid structures involving RHD Exon 4 (and also Exon 3 in DFR-5),1,2 a point mutation in RHD Exon 2 is responsible for the new allele described in this work. Serologic and molecular results suggest a genetic association in cis between this new RHD variant and the RHCE*Ce allele (Table 1). Surprisingly, the novel RHD*66 allele was found in 2.48% (3/121) of serologic weak D samples from the central area of Argentina. We can speculate that the RHD*66 allele could not be attributed to the Amerindian genetic influence as no sample from the Northwestern area-where the native contribution is higher than in other parts of the country-exhibited the c.325A>G SNV. This new variant could be related rather to the Caucasian genetic component that predominates in the central region.5 Our findings suggest that a RHD genotyping strategy for our population should consider the detection of this relatively prevalent RHD*66 allele.Fil: Mufarrege, Nicolas Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Inmunología Clinica y Experimental de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Inmunología Clinica y Experimental de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Trucco Boggione, Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Inmunología Clinica y Experimental de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Inmunología Clinica y Experimental de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Puppo, Mónica. Gobierno de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Pediatría "Juan P. Garrahan". Centro Regional de Hemoterapia; ArgentinaFil: Ensinck, María Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Inmunología Clinica y Experimental de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Inmunología Clinica y Experimental de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Principi, Cintia Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Inmunología Clinica y Experimental de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Inmunología Clinica y Experimental de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Luján Brajovich, Melina Eliana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Inmunología Clinica y Experimental de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Inmunología Clinica y Experimental de Rosario; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas; ArgentinaFil: Mattaloni, Stella Maris. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Inmunología Clinica y Experimental de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Inmunología Clinica y Experimental de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Biondi, Claudia Silvia. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Inmunología Clinica y Experimental de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Inmunología Clinica y Experimental de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Kuperman, Silvina Laura. Gobierno de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Pediatría "Juan P. Garrahan". Centro Regional de Hemoterapia; ArgentinaFil: Cotorruelo, Carlos Miguel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Inmunología Clinica y Experimental de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Inmunología Clinica y Experimental de Rosario; Argentin

Estimation of sensitivity and specificity of several Trypanosoma cruzi antibody assays in blood donors in Argentina.

BackgroundThe absence of a gold standard test for Trypanosoma cruzi antibodies represents a problem not only for the evaluation of screening tests, but also for appropriate blood donor counseling. The aim of this study was to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of multiple blood donor screening tests for T. cruzi antibodies in Argentina.Study design and methodsFrom June 2006 to March 2007 a sample of 1455 blood donors was recruited from two blood banks in Chaco province, an area of Argentina with highly endemic T. cruzi infection. Samples were tested by three epimastigote lysate enzyme immunoassays (EIAs), one recombinant antigen EIA, two indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA) tests, a particle agglutination assay (PA), and a research trans-sialidase inhibition assay (TIA). Sensitivity and specificity were estimated using latent class analysis (LCA).ResultsLCA estimated the consensus prevalence of T. cruzi infection at 24.5%. Interassay correlation was higher among the four EIA tests and TIA compared to IHA tests. Assay sensitivities varied from 96 to 99.7 for different EIAs, 91% for TIA, 84% for PA, and 66 to 74% for IHA tests. Relative to the LCA, assay specificities were from 96% to almost 100%.ConclusionBased on the comparison of several tests in a large population from an endemic area for T. cruzi infection, our data showed an adequate sensitivity for EIA tests in contrast to PA and IHA assays. The latter tests should no longer be used for blood donor screening

Estimation of sensitivity and specificity of several Trypanosoma cruzi antibody assays in blood donors in Argentina.

BackgroundThe absence of a gold standard test for Trypanosoma cruzi antibodies represents a problem not only for the evaluation of screening tests, but also for appropriate blood donor counseling. The aim of this study was to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of multiple blood donor screening tests for T. cruzi antibodies in Argentina.Study design and methodsFrom June 2006 to March 2007 a sample of 1455 blood donors was recruited from two blood banks in Chaco province, an area of Argentina with highly endemic T. cruzi infection. Samples were tested by three epimastigote lysate enzyme immunoassays (EIAs), one recombinant antigen EIA, two indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA) tests, a particle agglutination assay (PA), and a research trans-sialidase inhibition assay (TIA). Sensitivity and specificity were estimated using latent class analysis (LCA).ResultsLCA estimated the consensus prevalence of T. cruzi infection at 24.5%. Interassay correlation was higher among the four EIA tests and TIA compared to IHA tests. Assay sensitivities varied from 96 to 99.7 for different EIAs, 91% for TIA, 84% for PA, and 66 to 74% for IHA tests. Relative to the LCA, assay specificities were from 96% to almost 100%.ConclusionBased on the comparison of several tests in a large population from an endemic area for T. cruzi infection, our data showed an adequate sensitivity for EIA tests in contrast to PA and IHA assays. The latter tests should no longer be used for blood donor screening