Maximal oxygen consumption in Mexican university studenst: Correlation between five predictive tests

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar si existen diferencias en los valores de VO2max indirecto obtenido con cinco pruebas físicas: UTMM, VAM-EVAL, Ida- Vuelta, 1000 m y Ramsbottom. Los sujetos fueron hombres mexicanos en edad universitaria sin entrenamiento previo y sin experiencia en deportes, con los siguientes parámetros: edad 19,33 ± 1,09 años (media ± 1 desviación estándar), peso 68,47 ± 9,93 kg, estatura 1,71 ± 0,06 m e IMC 23,62 ± 2,82. El VO2max indirecto (ml/kg/min, media ± 1 error estándar) por prueba fue de: 44,26 ± 3,74 para UMTT, 44,14 ± 3,01 para VAM-EVAL, 42,78 ± 2,80 para Ida y vuelta, 44,92 ± 2,33 para 1000 m y 42,67 ± 2,96 para Ramsbotton. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre el VO2max indirecto obtenido por los sujetos de estudio en las cinco pruebas. Concluimos que las cinco pruebas son equivalentes y pueden ser usadas indistintamente para evaluar el VO2max indirectoThe objetive of this study was determining if there are differences in the measurement of indirect VO2max among five different physical tests: UMTT, VAMEVAL, 20 MST, 1000 m and Ramsbottom. The subjects were Mexican college-age men without previous training and without sport experience with the following parameters: years 19,33±1,09 (mean ± 1 standard deviation), weight 68,47 ± 9,93 kg, height 1,71 ± 0,06 m and body mass index 23,62 ± 2,82. VO2max indirect (ml/kg/min, average ± 1 standard error) by test were: 44,26 ± 3,74 for UMTT, 44,14 ± 3,01 for VAM-EVAL, 42,78 ± 2,80 for 20 MST, 44,92 ± 2,33 for 1000 m and 42,67 ± 2,96 for Ramsbotton. We do not detect significant differences between the indirect VO2max obtained in the five tests. We concluded that the five tests are equivalent and can be used interchangeably to assess the indirect VO2ma

LA CALIDAD DEL NÉCTAR AFECTA LA CONDUCTA TERRITORIAL Y DE FORRAJEO EN HEMBRAS DEL COLIBRÍ LUCIFER (CALOTHORAX LUCIFER): UN EXPERIMENTO

Resumen ∙ Los colibríes para vivir dependen de la energía que les brinda el néctar floral, un recurso  variable espacial y temporalmente. Por ello, deben recabar información sobre su cantidad y calidad en las flores que visitan. Esta información moldea la toma de decisiones durante el forrajeo en los colibríes. En el presente estudio analizamos el efecto de la exposición previa a una fuente de volumen constante de néctar pero de calidad variable, sobre el comportamiento de defensa contra intrusos durante el forrajeo de hembras del Colibrí Lucifer (Calothorax lucifer). Para probarlo realizamos experimentos de campo utilizando bebederos con tres calidades energéticas de néctar (baja, media y alta). Registramos la frecuencia de encuentros agonísticos contra intrusos a lo largo de treinta días de exposición a los bebederos y el éxito de forrajeo de los intrusos en los bebederos. A lo largo de los días la probabilidad de defensa aumentó en las hembras que establecieron territorios en torno a bebederos con néctar de media y alta calidad, pero disminuyó para los bebederos con néctar de baja calidad. Además, el número de intrusos no exitosos fue mayor en torno a los bebederos con néctar de media y alta calidad. Nuestros resultados sugieren que las hembras de Calothorax lucifer pueden modificar su conducta agonística y de forrajeo a lo largo del tiempo de acuerdo a la experiencia e información que reúnen sobre la calidad de los recursos presentes en el ambiente.  Abstract ∙ Nectar quality affects foraging and territoriality in female Lucifer Hummingbirds (Calothorax lucifer): an experiment Hummingbirds depend for survival on the energy contained in nectar, a resource that shows both spatial and temporal variation. Therefore, they should gather information on the quantity and quality of the flowers they visit, which should affect decision‐making of hummingbirds during their foraging. In the present study, we analyzed the effect of prior exposure to a source of constant volume of nectar, but of varying quality (sugar concentration), on the territorial behavior against intruders of female Lucifer Hummingbirds (Calothorax lucifer) during foraging. We carried out field experiments using feeders containing three different qualities of nectar (low, medium, and high energy). We recorded the frequency of agonistic encounters with intruders over thirty days of exposure to the feeders and the foraging success of the intruders on feeders. Throughout the study the probability of defense against intruders increased in females, who established territories around nectar feeders with medium and high quality nectar, but decreased for those with territories around low quality nectar feeders. In addition, the number of unsuccessful intruders was greater around medium and high quality feeders. Our results suggest that females of Calothorax lucifer can modify their agonistic and foraging behavior throughout time in accordance to experience and gather information about the quality of resources present in the environment

Diagnóstico molecular de plagas de la dehesa y protocolos de gestión para facilitar su control biológico por el ganado

Póster presentado al I Congreso Ibérico de la Dehesa y el Montado, celebrado en Badajoz del 6 al 7 de noviembre de 2013.La investigación sobre las plagas y patógenos que reducen la producción de bellotas plantea aún numerosos retos. Presentamos los resultados de nuestros estudios con los gorgojos (coleópteros) parásitos de las bellotas. Las técnicas moleculares nos permitieron identificar larvas para las que no existen claves; a partir ahí pudimos conocer con detalle los ciclos vitales de las diferentes especies. Comprobamos que los ciervos y jabalíes depredan intensamente sobre las larvas (especialmente de las especies tempranas), pudiendo llegar a reducir las tasas de infestación de bellotas. Ahora pretendemos perfeccionar el diagnóstico molecular de plagas y patógenos aumentando la base de datos con secuencias de ADN de más especies. También investigaremos el papel del ganado como depredador de insectos plaga y dispersante de patógenos, para así desarrollar pautas de manejo ganadero que maximicen el vigor del arboladoPeer Reviewe

Aerospace Manufacturing Industry: A Simulation-based Decision Support Framework for the Scheduling of Complex Hoist Lines

This paper presents an advanced simulation model for short-term scheduling of complex hoist lines. This problem, generally found in aerospace and electroplating industries, includes several hard constraints that should be considered: single shared hoist, heterogeneous recipes, eventual recycle flows, and no buffers between workstations. Different heuristic-based strategies are incorporated into the computer model in order to improve the solutions generated over time. The aim is to reduce the number of products that must be discarded while minimizing the makespan. In addition, a graphical user interface was developed for quickly evaluating simulated schedules.Sociedad Argentina de Informática e Investigación Operativa (SADIO

A Multi Ant Colony Optimization algorithm for a Mixed Car Assembly Line

This paper presents an ant colony optimization algorithm to sequence the mixed assembly lines considering the inventory and the replenishment of components. This is a NP-problem that cannot be solved to optimality by exact methods when the size of the problem growth. Groups of specialized ants are implemented to solve the different parts of the problem. This is intended to differentiate each part of the problem. Different types of pheromone structures are created to identify good car sequences, and good routes for the replenishment of components vehicle. The contribution of this paper is the collaborative approach of the ACO for the mixed assembly line and the replenishment of components and the jointly solution of the problem

Aplicación de sistemas de consenso sobre modelos de Machine Learning

En este trabajo se investigan y comparan distintos algoritmos de consenso aplicados entre modelos de Machine Learning. Más concretamente, se aplican algoritmos de consenso basados en la metodología Delphi sobre cuatro datasets con diferentes características. Primero se seleccionan los datasets y se aplica una limpieza sobre los mismos, y a continuación se generan diversos modelos de clasificación mediante algoritmos de Machine Learning (K-Nearest Neighbors, Máquinas de Soporte Vectorial, Bosques Aleatorios, Árboles de decisión, Redes Neuronales y Regresión Logística). Junto a estos modelos se aplican los algoritmos de consenso ideados en base al método Delphi, analizando los resultados obtenidos con los mismos. Además, se incorpora una interfaz gráfica para observar los resultados de forma mas sencilla y poder aplicar distintos ejemplos individuales de forma manual sobre los algoritmos de consenso y los modelos de clasificación deseados

Evaluación in vitro de un producto fungicida - bactericida natural con ingrediente activo a base de extractos de semillas de naranjas (Pangermex) sobre el control de hongos fitopatogenos (Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria alternata, Neofabraea alba) que afectan la postcosecha de manzana.

43 p.Nuestro país es uno de los principales productores y exportadores de manzanas del hemisferio sur. Debido a la importancia económica que genera este rubro, es necesario mejorar las prácticas de manejo de la fruta, con el fin de reducir las pérdidas y mejorar la calidad final de esta. Una de las mayores pérdidas de manzana se genera en la postcosecha; estas pérdidas se ocasionan por diferentes agentes patógenos que infectan la fruta. Dentro de estos agentes, los más comunes son hongos fitopatogenos como Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria alternata y Neofabraea alba, causantes de pudriciones que reducen los rendimientos y la calidad de la fruta.El siguiente trabajo se realizó con la finalidad de evaluar in vitro el efecto inhibitorio de un fungicida natural (Pangermex) el cual está fabricado a partir de extractos de semillas de naranja, sobre el crecimiento de Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria alternata y Neofabraea alba. Los patógenos se aislaron y sembraron en placas con medio de cultivo Agar Papa Dextrosa (PDA), en cada ensayo se ocuparon 5 tratamientos con 5 repeticiones cada uno. Finalmente se midió el crecimiento micelial del hongo en cada uno de los tratamientos y en base a ese crecimiento se calculó el porcentaje de inhibición que presenta el producto. Los resultados demostraron un importante efecto inhibitorio del producto para Botrytis cinerea, el cual alcanzó un porcentaje de inhibición mayor a 80% en el tratamiento que contenía la mayor concentración de producto (120 ppm). En el caso de Alternaria alternata y Neofabraea alba el producto demostró tener efecto inhibitorio pero en menor grado, alcanzado porcentajes de inhibición de 67% y 57% respectivamente. Por otra parte a medida que se aumentaron las concentraciones de producto el efecto inhibitorio era mayor./ABSTRACT: Our country is one of the leading producers and exporters of apples from the southern hemisphere. Due to the economic importance that generates this field, it is necessary improve the management practices of the fruit, in order to reduce losses and improve the final quality of this. One of the greatest losses of apples is generated in the post-harvest, caused by different pathogens that infected the fruit, within these agents are the most common fungal pathogens such as Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria alternata and Neofabraea alba, causing rots that reduce yields and fruit quality.The following work was done with the purpose of evaluating in vitro the inhibitory effect of a natural fungicide (Pangermex) which is made from extracts of seeds of orange, on the growth of Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria alternata and Neofabraea alba. The pathogenic it isolated and sowed in plates with way of culture Agar Papa Dextrose (PDA), in every test it used 5 treatments with 5 repetitions each one. Finally it growth measured mycelial of the mushroom in each of the treatments and on the basis of this growth, it obtained the percentage of inhibition.The results demonstrated an important inhibitory effect of the product for Botrytis cinerea, which reached a percentage of inhibition more than 80 % in the treatment 5, which contained the highest concentration of the product. In the case of Alternaria alternata and Neofabraea alba the product it has demonstrated to have inhibitory effect but in minor degree, reaching percentages of inhibition of 67 % and 57 % respectively, in the treatment 5. On the other hand when concentrations of product increased the inhibitory effect was greater

LA CONDUCTA TERRITORIAL DEL ZAFIRO OREJA BLANCA (HYLOCHARIS LEUCOTIS) ES AFECTADA POR LA DISPONIBILIDAD DE ENERGÍA

White-eared Hummingbird (Hylocharis leucotis) territorial behavior is affected by energy availability. – Territoriality is a costly-foraging strategy. As a result, territorial animals must ensure that the energy within their territories is sufficient to support the costs of its defense. Hummingbirds are territorial and depend on nectar-containing flowers as their main energy source. In this study, we hypothesized that White-eared hummingbirds (Hylocharis leucotis), depending on the amount of energy (nectar) available in the environment, modify four aspects of their behavior (i.e., time spent for perching, foraging, and actively and passively defending territory), as well as territory size and response to intrusions into their territory. We monitored 30 individual territories during the winter flowering season at El Chico National Park, Mexico, and did not detect a significant effect of the energy available on time spent for perching or foraging, respectively. However, White-eared hummingbirds invested significantly more time in active and passive defense when the intrusion pressure was higher, and successful intrusions increased when the territories were bigger. Moreover, although territory size increased or decreased, a similar amount of energy therein was maintained throughout the duration of the study. Our results indicate that in this hummingbird species energy availability determines the size of their territories and the time spent on its defense

Optimization of polymeric nanofiltration performance for olive-oil-washing wastewater phenols recovery and reclamation

The core of the present work was to model and optimize an environmentally friendly nanofiltration (NF) treatment process for two-phase olive-oil-washing wastewater (OOWW) valorization throughout the concentration and recovery of its phenolic fraction and the obtention of a purified permeate stream. For this objective, a factorial design was used for the optimization of the process. Results were interpreted by means of the response surface methodology. A statistical multifactorial analysis was performed in order to quantify all the potential complex conjugated effects of the input parameters in the NF process. The process was subsequently modelled by means of a second-grade quadratic fitting model equation. Finally, the parametric quality standards that permit to reuse the purified stream for irrigation, recycling or even discharge in-site reuse purposes were checked. To the author's knowledge, no previous work on the optimization and statistical modelling of membrane processes for OOWW purification and valorization can be found up to the present. The optimized parameters for the proposed OOWW purification process – operating pressure of 26.5 bar, tangential velocity 32.7 m s−1, system temperature 35 °C and pH of 3.7 – ensured high and stable membrane flux (106.2 L h−1 m−2). The obtained optimized data are very relevant for the feasible scale-up of the proposed process in the mills, since the NF membrane (TFC polyamide/polysulfone, MWCO 300 Da) was highly efficient at ambient temperature conditions and raw effluent pH. The optimized conditions provided a permeate stream that could be reused for irrigation purposes and a retantate stream concentrated in volume up to 6.5 times, with a total phenolic content of minimum 1315.7 mg/L.Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness is acknowledged for having funded the project CTM2014-61105-JIN ‘Design and development of an integral process for revalorization and treatment of the effluents from olive oil industry’, as well as the University of Granada

Propuesta de mejora mediante herramientas de mantenimiento productivo total (TPM) para disminuir los costos de operaciones del taller de mantenimiento agrícola en la empresa Camposol S.A

RESUMEN La presente tesis busca diseñar un Programa de Mantenimiento Productivo Total (TPM) para disminuir los costos de operaciones del taller de mantenimiento de maquinaria agrícola en la empresa Camposol S.A. de la ciudad de Viru – Chao, considerando que la empresa no realiza mantenimiento preventivo y presenta constantes paralizaciones de su maquinaria por fallas impactando negativamente en el costo de operaciones de mantenimiento. El programa de Mantenimiento Productivo Total (TPM) se dirige a buscar la máxima eficiencia de los 77 tractores que tiene a su cargo el área de taller de mantenimiento agrícola. Inicialmente se procedió a evaluar los indicadores iniciales de TPM, para luego dar paso a un análisis macro de las causas del elevado costo de mantenimiento encontrado. Como resultado de este análisis se establecieron las causas más importantes para gestionarlas. Como siguiente paso se aplicó herramientas TPM en busca de minimizar las causas encontradas, así se realizó una clasificación de los ítems de artículos del almacén de repuestos, complementado con el establecimiento de políticas de abastecimiento adecuadas para su alta disponibilidad, asimismo se rediseñaron los procesos de mantenimiento, analizándolos con ayuda de diagramas de flujo de proceso y así se logró reducir el número de actividades de cada sub proceso de mantenimiento y las líneas de secuencia de tiempo, haciendo el proceso de mantenimiento más eficiente. La empresa no aplicaba mantenimiento preventivo, así que se diseñó un calendario de mantenimientos preventivos y se desarrolló una matriz de capacitación en temas administrativos y técnicos para el personal de mantenimiento. Luego se evaluó nuevamente los indicadores de TPM y se realizó el análisis económico financiero obteniendo un VAN de S/. 134 904.80 y una TIR de 72.22%; evidenciando mejoras sustanciales que validan la hipótesis planteada, y se cumplieron los objetivos del presente trabajo de investigación principalmente con la reducción del costo de operaciones del taller de mantenimiento.ABSTRACT The present thesis aims to design a Total Productive Maintenance Program (TPM) to reduce the costs of operations of the workshop of maintenance of agricultural machinery in the company Camposol S.A. of the city of Viru - Chao, considering that the company does not carry out preventive maintenance and presents constant paralyzes of its machinery due to failures negatively impacting the cost of maintenance operations. The Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) program is aimed at maximizing the efficiency of the 77 tractors that are in charge of the agricultural maintenance workshop area. Initially we proceeded to evaluate the initial indicators of TPM, to give way to a macro analysis of the causes of the high cost of maintenance found. As a result of this analysis the most important causes were established to manage them. As a next step TPM tools were applied in order to minimize the causes found, as well as a classification of the article items of the spare parts warehouse, complemented with the establishment of adequate supply policies for their high availability, as well as the redesign of the maintenance by analyzing them with the aid of process flow diagrams and thus reducing the number of activities of each sub-process of maintenance and the lines of time sequence, making the maintenance process more efficient. The company did not apply preventive maintenance, so a schedule of preventive maintenance was designed and a matrix of training in administrative and technical subjects was developed for maintenance personnel. Then, the TPM indicators were evaluated again and the economic and financial analysis was carried out, obtaining a NPV of S /. 134 904.80 and a TIR of 72.22%; evidencing substantial improvements that validate the hypothesis presented, and the objectives of the present research work were accomplished mainly with the reduction of the cost of operations of the maintenance workshop