46 research outputs found
Advanced morphology of vipers galaxies
We calculated morphological parameters for a test sample of 4659 galaxies from VIPERS (spectroscopic galaxy survey performed on VIMOS spectroscope at VLT). These parameters include Gini, M, Concentration, Asymmetry, and Smoothness, also known as CAS parameters. The results correlate with the distribution of these parameters for other simulated and observed samples. We also studied the dependence of these parameters with the Sersic power index of the radial distribution of the surface brightness of the galaxy image. Our aim was to find a clear division of VIPERS galaxies into elliptical and spiral. This is necessary for testing the method of the Sersic index (ns) calculation in the statmorph program. To find such bimodality, we use B-V color index from VIPERS database. To perform the error analysis of morphological parameters, we simulated galaxy images with a random background of different magnitudes and estimated the errors as the dispersion of the parameters. We also found asymptotic values of errors of morphological parameters by increasing the numbers of mock images. To analyse the possible variation of each morphological parameter during the convolution of close galactic images, we have simulated them to research. As a result of this investigation, we have analysed the dependence of every morphological parameter from CAS and Gini-M statistics, from the distance between galactic centers.The differences between our results for VIPERS and Gini-M distribution for PanStarrs galaxies at z 0.5 which corresponds to VIPERS sample. Also we concluded that galaxy mergers were more frequent in the early Universe
Advanced morphology of vipers galaxies
We calculated morphological parameters for a test sample of 4659 galaxies from VIPERS (spectroscopic galaxy survey performed on VIMOS spectroscope at VLT). These parameters include Gini, M, Concentration, Asymmetry, and Smoothness, also known as CAS parameters. The results correlate with the distribution of these parameters for other simulated and observed samples. We also studied the dependence of these parameters with the Sersic power index of the radial distribution of the surface brightness of the galaxy image. Our aim was to find a clear division of VIPERS galaxies into elliptical and spiral. This is necessary for testing the method of the Sersic index (ns) calculation in the statmorph program. To find such bimodality, we use B-V color index from VIPERS database. To perform the error analysis of morphological parameters, we simulated galaxy images with a random background of different magnitudes and estimated the errors as the dispersion of the parameters. We also found asymptotic values of errors of morphological parameters by increasing the numbers of mock images. To analyse the possible variation of each morphological parameter during the convolution of close galactic images, we have simulated them to research. As a result of this investigation, we have analysed the dependence of every morphological parameter from CAS and Gini-M statistics, from the distance between galactic centers.The differences between our results for VIPERS and Gini-M distribution for PanStarrs galaxies at z 0.5 which corresponds to VIPERS sample. Also we concluded that galaxy mergers were more frequent in the early Universe
The study of x-ray spectrum of the Coma cluster
The X-ray spectrum of the Coma galaxy cluster was studied using the data from
the XMM-Newton observatory. We combined 7 observations performed with the MOS
camera of XMM-Newton in the 40'x 40' region centered at the Coma cluster. The
analyzed observations were performed in 2000-2005 and have a total duration of
196 ksec.
We focus on the analysis of the MOS camera spectra due to their lower
affection by strong instrumental line-like background. The obtained spectrum
was fitted with a model including contributions from the Solar system/Milky Way
hot plasma and a power law X-ray background. The contribution of the
instrumental background was modeled as a power law (not convolved with the
effective area) and a number of Gaussian lines. The contribution from the Coma
cluster was modeled with a single-temperature hot plasma emission. In addition,
we searched for possible non-thermal radiation present in the vicinity of the
center of the Coma cluster, originating e.g. from synchrotron emission of
relativistic electrons on a turbulent magnetic field. We compared the results
with previous works by other authors and spectra obtained from other
instruments that operate in the similar energy range of 1-10 keV.
Careful and detailed spectrum analysis shall be a necessary contribution to
our future work - searching for axion-like particles' manifestations in the
Coma cluster.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures, 2 table
X-ray galaxies selected from HyperLEDA database
We cross-matched the 4XMM-DR10 catalog with the HyperLEDA database and obtained a new sample of galaxies that contain X-ray sources. Excluding duplicate observations and false matches, we present a total of 7759 galaxies with X-ray sources. In the current work, we present general properties of the sample: namely the distribution in equatorial coordinates, radial velocity distribution, morphological type, and X-ray fluxes. The sample includes morphological classification for 5241 galaxies with X-ray emission, almost half of which, 42% are elliptical (E, E-S0). Most galaxies in the sample have nuclear X-ray emission (6313 or 81%), and the remaining 1443 (19%) present X-ray emission from the host galaxy. This sample can be used for future deep studies of multi-wavelengths properties of the galaxies with X-ray emission
Analysis of Factors Affecting the Shaping of Materials in Clothing
ΠΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΌΠ° Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π°, ΡΠΎ Π΅ΡΡΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡ Π΅Π΅ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ° ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΊ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π², ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°, ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ° ΠΈ Π΄Ρ.When shaping a suit, it is necessary to take into account the forming properties of the material, that is, its ability to form a spatial shape and stably maintain it during the operation of the product. The ability of fabrics to form is affected by their weave, fibrous composition, structural characteristics, physical and mechanical properties, finishing, etc
The 4q25/PITX2 SNP rs6817105 and Atrial Fibrillation in Uzbek Patients with Arterial Hypertension
Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common cardiac arrhythmias and a major predictor of morbidity and mortality. In recent years, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified common genetic variants associated with a higher risk of AF. The aim of our research was to study the possible association of the 4q25/PITX2 SNP rs6817105 with the risk of developing AF in patients with arterial hypertension (AH) in the Uzbek population.
Methods and Results: The study included 142 AH (Grades 1-3; ESC/ESH, 2018) patients of Uzbek nationality who were initially diagnosed with paroxysmal form (15[10.6%]), persistent form (43[30.3%]), and permanent form of AF (84[59.1%]). The mean age of these patients was 64.8Β±10.9 years. AF was verified using ECG Holter monitoring. The control group (n=88) consisted of AH patients without AF with a mean age of 56.5Β±12.3 years. Echocardiography was carried out according to the recommendations of the American Society of Echocardiography in M- and B-modes. We genotyped SNP rs6817105 (T>C) and examined the relationships among rs6817105 genotype, clinical characteristics, and echocardiographic parameters in AH patients with AF and non-AF AH patients (controls).
The rs6817105 minor C allele frequency was significantly higher in AH patients with AF than in non-AF AH patients (71.8% vs. 59.7%, P=0.007). Analysis of the multiplicative model for the rs6817105 SNP showed a significant risk of AF in the carriage of the C allele (OR=1.72, 95% CI: 1.16-2.56, P=0.007). The dominant and additive models for the rs6817105 SNP showed a significant risk of AF with the carriage of the CC+CT genotypes (OR=3.16, 95% CI: 1.37-7.27, P=0.005) and the homozygous CC genotype (OR=1.63, 95% CI: 0.95-2.81, P=0.008), respectively. The allelic distribution showed that the carriage of the C allele was dominant in permanent and persistent AF (110/68.75% vs. 50/31.25% for the T allele [(Ο2=22.50, P=0.000], and 73.61% (64/74.41%) vs. 26.39% (22/25.58%) for the T allele [Ο2=20.512, P=0.000], respectively). Among AH patients with paroxysmal AF, the C allele prevailed to the greatest extent: 20(90.9%) vs. 2(9.1%) for the T allele (Ο2=14.727, P=0.000), indicating a significant accumulation of the C allele and CC genotype among patients with paroxysmal AF. In general, in AH patients with AF, carriers of the CC genotype, the left atrial volume index (LAVI) was significantly higher than the carriers of the CT and TT genotypes: 46.8Β±13.9 ml/m2 vs. 40.4Β±13.0 ml/m2 and 36.1Β±11.0 ml/m2, respectively (P=0.0083).
Conclusion: Our results indicate the rs6817105 minor C allele and CC genotype are associated with the risk of developing AF in AH patients of Uzbek nationality. The highest accumulation of the rs6817105 minor C allele and CC genotype is found in paroxysmal AF. In carriers of the rs6817105 CC genotype, the LAVI was significantly larger than in carriers of the CT and TT genotypes
Π£ΠΠ¬Π’Π ΠΠΠΠ£ΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ‘Π‘ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ Π ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ‘ΠΠΠ ΠΠ£Π§ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ‘Π’ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ’ΠΠ‘Π’ΠΠ’ΠΠ§ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠ― ΠΠΠ ΠΠ‘Π’ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ¬ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ€ΠΠ’ΠΠ§ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠ Π Π£ ΠΠΠΠ¬ΠΠΠ Π ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠ§ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠ« (ΠΠΠΠΠΠ§ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠ Π‘ΠΠ£Π§ΠΠ)
Background. The parasternal lymphatic collector is an important pathway of the lymph drainage from theΒ breast in breast cancer patients. Evaluation of parasternal lymph nodes is not available during physicalΒ examination. To date, no algorithm for diagnostic imaging of the parasternal lymphatic pathway has beenΒ developed. The presence of metastases in parasternal lymph nodes upstages the breast cancer patient to aΒ minimum of clinical stage III disease.Case description. We present the case of breast cancer progression inΒ a 40-year-old woman. The patient received treatment for triple-negative stage IIA breast cancer (Π’2N0M0) inΒ 2018. In August, 2019, 18-FDG PET /CT images revealed a solitary metastasis in the parasternal lymph node.Β Ultrasound images also showed the same lymph node assessed by PET -CT and the additional parasternalΒ lymph node metastasis. A fine-needle aspiration biopsy of both lymph nodes confirmed the specific involvementΒ of the parasternal lymph nodes.Conclusion. Ultrasound scans are used to assess the axillary, subclavianΒ and supraclavicular lymphatic collectors, but there is little evidence in the literature on the use of ultrasoundΒ in the assessment of parasternal lymph nodes. Our clinical case shows the feasibility of using ultrasound inΒ assessing the status of the parasternal of lymph nodes, as well as the feasibility of performing fine-needleΒ aspiration biopsy by ultrasound navigation.ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΒ Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ° Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ. ΠΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ·Π»ΠΎΠ² Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡΒ Π½Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π½Π΅ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌ Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Β Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ·Π»ΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠΎΠΉΒ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΈ iiia ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠΎΠΌ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΒ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ. ΠΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅Β ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΈ 40 Π»Π΅Ρ. ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΊΠ°Β Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΒ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π² 2018 Π³. ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ,Β Π’2N0m0, iiΠ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡ, ΡΡΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΈΠΏ. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π² Π°Π²Π³ΡΡΡΠ΅ 2019 Π³. ΠΏΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΠΠ’/ΠΠ’ Ρ 18F-Π€ΠΠ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΒ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π· Π² ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉΒ ΡΠ·Π΅Π». ΠΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°Π·Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Β ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΒ ΠΠΠ’-ΠΠ’ Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ·Π΅Π», Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ·Π΅Π» ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠΈΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½Π°ΡΒ Π°ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Π°Ρ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΈΡ
Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ·Π»ΠΎΠ²,Β ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Β ΡΠ·Π»ΠΎΠ². ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π£Π»ΡΡΡΠ°Π·Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ,Β ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΒ ΠΈ Π½Π°Π΄ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ², ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ Π² Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ± ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈΒ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ·Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠ° ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Β ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°Π·Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π² ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉΒ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ·Π»ΠΎΠ², Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠΈΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉΒ Π°ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉΒ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π£Π-Π½Π°Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ
Polarization angle swings in blazars: The case of 3C 279
Β© ESO, 2016.Context. Over the past few years, on several occasions, large, continuous rotations of the electric vector position angle (EVPA) of linearly polarized optical emission from blazars have been reported. These events are often coincident with high energy Ξ³-ray flares and they have attracted considerable attention, since they could allow us to probe the magnetic field structure in the Ξ³-ray emitting region of the jet. The flat-spectrum radio quasar 3C 279 is one of the most prominent examples showing this behaviour. Aims. Our goal is to study the observed EVPA rotations and to distinguish between a stochastic and a deterministic origin of the polarization variability. Methods. We have combined multiple data sets of R-band photometry and optical polarimetry measurements of 3C 279, yielding exceptionally well-sampled flux density and polarization curves that cover a period of 2008-2012. Several large EVPA rotations are identified in the data. We introduce a quantitative measure for the EVPA curve smoothness, which is then used to test a set of simple random walk polarization variability models against the data. Results. 3C 279 shows different polarization variation characteristics during an optical low-flux state and a flaring state. The polarization variation during the flaring state, especially the smooth βΌ360Β° rotation of the EVPA in mid-2011, is not consistent with the tested stochastic processes. Conclusions. We conclude that, during the two different optical flux states, two different processes govern polarization variation, which is possibly a stochastic process during the low-brightness state and a deterministic process during the flaring activity