Early Cattle Trade on Puget Sound

"Professor J. Orin Oliphant had an article on [The Cattle Trade on Puget Sound, 1858-1890] in Agricultural History for July, 1933.

Land cover classification for Puget Sound, 1974-1979

Digital analysis of LANDSAT data for land cover classification projects in the Puget Sound region is surveyed. Two early rural and urban land use classifications and their application are described. After acquisition of VICAR/IBIs software, another land use classification of the area was performed, and is described in more detail. Future applications are considered

Indian Lore and Moses Coulee

"Mr. J. C. Scott, Argiculturist, has an interesing article with the above title in the Puget Sound Electric Journal…People devoted to the history of that and other geographic features of the State of Washington would do well to save that article.

Recent progress toward reducing seawalls in Puget Sound

Recovery efforts for Puget Sound have focused on improving shoreline function by reducing seawalls (e.g. rock and concrete bank protection) and encouraging alternatives, such as soft shore protection. Shoreline armor was one of the key stressors identified by the Puget Sound Partnership in 2010 to protect and restore habitat. Armor is one of the Puget Sound Vital Signs, those measures used by the Puget Sound Partnership to track ecosystem health. One of the targets associated with the Vital Sign, a net reduction of the total extent of armor between 2011 and 2020, is tracked using the Hydraulic Project Approval (HPA) permitting database maintained by the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. Projects are categorized as new, replacement and removed armor. A summary of permit information indicates that generally, trend in new shoreline armor decreased from 2005 – 2016, while the pace of hard armor removal increased. Two additional targets identified by the Partnership, emphasizes the importance of keeping intact eroding bluffs (locally referred to as feeder bluffs) that maintain Puget Sound beaches, and encouraging the use of softer, nature-based approaches to erosion control. The HPA data, combined with recent detailed mapping of coastal landforms, provide an indication of progress towards the feeder bluff target. Soft shoreline techniques have long been of interest on Puget Sound, but have been slow to be widely adopted. These soft techniques are difficult to categorize, as many are hybrids, combining natural elements and beach nourishment with more conventional rock or concrete structural measures. New technical guidance, combined with increased regulatory emphasis and locally-based outreach efforts, have led to improvements in the implementation and the success of new methods of addressing erosion. We describe significant regulatory, educational, scientific, and restoration efforts focused on this issue in Puget Sound

Review of: The Lotus And The Lion: Buddhism And The British Empire by J. Jeffrey Franklin

This article reviews the book The Lotus And The Lion: Buddhism And The British Empire by J. Jeffrey Franklin

In Print

- The Coming of the Frontier Press: How the West Was Really Won, by Barbara Cloud - We Were All Like Migrant Workers Here: Work, Community, and Memory on California’s Round Valley Reservation, by William J. Bauer, Jr. - Europe as a Political Project in the CDU: Precedents and Programs, by Daniel Villanuev

The use of Heel Lifts for Individuals with Parkinson’s Disease to Improve Postural Stability.

Background: Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative condition that results in resting tremors, slowed movement (bradykinesia), rigidity, and postural instability. People with PD develop a standing alignment often referred to as a “stooped posture”; flexed hips, kyphotic spine, forward shoulders, forward head, and downward head tilt. Concurrently, this population has high prevalence of impaired standing and dynamic balance, decreased muscle strength, slower gait, and slower anticipatory and reactionary body adjustments. We propose plantarflexion contractures contribute to instability by causing an altered alignment and decreasing the available range for reactive excursion in lower extremity. Purpose: To investigate if postural alignment, perceived stability and balance is impacted by accommodating plantar flexion (PF) contractures, with a heel lift, in individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD). To investigate the correlation of the Falls Efficacy Scale (FES) to PF contracture severity in order to predict postural instability. Design: Pre-test post-test with no follow up Participants: Convenience sampling of 32 participants. Inclusion Criteria: diagnosed with PD, and independently ambulate 20 ft. without assistive devices. Exclusion Criteria: cannot understand English, and any comorbidities impacting postural stability. Interventions: Participants were assessed for talocrural dorsiflexion ROM. Patients filled in a self-reported Falls Efficacy Scale (FES). Then were assessed for the following outcome measures with and without the use of heel lifts: Sagittal Posture Photo Analysis, Visual Analog Perceived Stability Scale, Tekscan Pressure Sway Map, and Functional Reach Test (FRT). Heel lift size was assigned based on PF contracture severity. Results: Significant findings (p\u3c0.05) include increase in height (mean 1.00 cm) an anterior translation of the hips (mean 2.3cm) and a more upright trunk (mean 1.37 degrees) and head angle (mean 2.61 degrees). The perceived stability increased (mean 0.75) and functional reach decreased (mean 2.22cm). Correlations (R=0.36-0.50) were found between the degree of PF contracture and the reported fear of falling for questions on the FES that involved ADLs that required ambulation. Conclusion: Accommodating PF contractures, on individuals diagnosed with PD, with heel lifts significantly improves perceived stability, upright postural alignment, but also decreases forward reach. Clinical Significance: Heel lifts are a useful treatment to improve postural alignment in the PD population; however, it should be considered an adjunct treatment to joint mobilization and muscle lengthening techniques. References: Bartonek A, Lidbeck CM, Pettersson R, Weidenhielm EB, Eriksson M, Gutierrez- Farewik E. Influence of heel lifts during standing in children with motor disorders. Gait Posture. 2011;34(3):426-431. doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2011.06.015. Gross MT, Mercer VS, Lin F-C. Effects of foot orthoses on balance in older adults. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2012;42(7):649-657. doi:10.2519/jospt.2012.3944. Jankovic J. Parkinson’s disease: clinical features and diagnosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2008;79(4):368-376. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2007.131045. Klamroth S, Steib S, Devan S, Pfeifer K. Effects of Exercise Therapy on Postural Instability in Parkinson Disease: A Meta-analysis. J Neurol Phys Ther JNPT. 2016;40(1):3-14. doi:10.1097/NPT.0000000000000117. Rogers ME, Page P, Takeshima N. Balance Training for the Older Athlete. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2013;8(4):517-530

Review of: Charles Ives: The Ideas Behind The Music by J. Peter Burkholder

This article is a review of the book Charles Ives: The Ideas Behind The Music by J. Peter Burkholder

Global Health Perspectives in Physical Therapy Education: A Qualitative Report on a Service Learning Experience in Guatemala

Authors: Winter F Wildt-Bailey, SPT; Adriana Sandoval, SPT; Holly J Roberts, PT, DPT, GCS, NCS Global Health Perspectives in Physical Therapy Education: A Qualitative Report on a Service Learning Experience in Guatemala Purpose: Doctor of physical therapy (DPT) students at the University of Puget Sound traveled to Zacapa, Guatemala to deliver physical therapy services for 5 days as part of an elective course introducing students to physical therapy and health care delivery from a global health perspective. Participants journaled about their experiences, responding to prompts provided by the course professor/clinical instructor. The purpose of this research was to explore the impact of the experience by identifying common themes among the journal entries. Methods: Ten student physical therapists (SPT), 9 females, 1 male, mean age 29yrs (range 25-40) at the end of their second year of a three-year DPT program consented to allow their journals to be included in this report. Two SPTs noted recurring themes that emerged in the de-identified journal entries. Results: Five common themes emerged among the journal entries: 1) Cultural Bias: recognizing cultural biases, the impact they have on patient care, and identifying strategies for addressing them; 2) Healthcare Disparities: recognizing disparities in access to healthcare, patient education, and resources between the U.S. and Guatemala; 3) Confidence and Competency: overcoming feelings of inadequacy as novice clinicians and appreciating the extent of knowledge and skill gained through didactic coursework; 4) Identity: reaffirming one\u27s decision to pursue a physical therapy career and that it aligns with one\u27s values and identity; and 5) Skills Development: adapting to working with limited resources, and developing effective communication skills with a language barrier. Conclusions: Reflection is a central tenet of service learning. The personal reflections of DPT students participating in a short-term service learning trip to Guatemala as part of an elective course in global health perspectives revealed the experience allowed students to recognize and address cultural biases, recognize healthcare disparities, build professional confidence and competence, reaffirm professional goals, and develop important skills in communication and healthcare delivery. Clinical Relevance: The results of this qualitative report are consistent with literature examining the benefits of experiential learning in healthcare education. They demonstrate the potential for an international service learning experience to facilitate development of cultural competence, clinical reasoning skills, communication skills, and confidence in one\u27s knowledge and abilities. Keywords: global health, service learning, experiential learning References: Benson JD, Provident I, Szucs KA. An experiential learning lab embedded in a didactic course: outcomes from a pediatric intervention course. Occ Ther Health Care. 2013; 27:46-57. Knecht-Sabres LJ. Experiential learning in occupational therapy: can it enhance readiness for clinical practice? J Exp Educ. 2013; 36:22-36. Paterson C, Chapman J. Enhancing skills of critical reflection to evidence learning in professional practice. Phys Ther Sport. 2013; 14:133-138. Seif G, Coker-Bolt P, Kraft S, Gonsalves W, Simpson K, Johnson E. The development of clinical reasoning and interprofessional behaviors: service-learning at a student-run free clinic. J Interprof Care. 2014; 28(6):559-564. Smith S, Crocker A. Experiential learning in physical therapy education. Adv Med Educ Pract. 2017; 8:427-433. Village D, Clouten N, Millar AL, Geigle A, et al. Comparison of the use of service learning, volunteer, and pro bono activities in physical therapy curricula. J Phys Ther Educ St Louis. 2004;18(1):22-28