Matemática Financiera. Material didáctico

Material didáctico para la asignatura Matemática Financiera del Grado en Administración y Dirección de Empresa

Curso de matemática financiera. Teoría y ejercicios

Teoría y ejercicios de Matemática Financiera para el grado de Administración y Dirección de Empresa

Basics on the Theory of Interest: Applications to the Spanish financial market

This manuscript is intended for readers who are interested in knowing the basic concepts and mathematical tools that are currently used in financial markets. It is aimed at both university students who will require this knowledge when they start working in these markets and professionals who already work in them. The book comprises four units. Unit 1, Financial transactions and financial regimes, deals with the time value of money as a main idea, as well as other related concepts such as financial capital, financial equivalence, simple and compound interest, annual effective interest rate, etc. Unit 2 is devoted to Annuities. In particular, level or constant annuities and varying annuities, both in geometric and in arithmetic progression are explained. A sound grounding of the first two units is essential to understand Unit 3 and Unit 4 which analyze Loans and Bonds, respectively. The manuscript concludes with some information sources. Practically all the concepts introduced in the book are followed by illustrative examples. On the one hand, academic examples addressed to understand the theoretical foundations are stated. Additionally, the examples are supplemented with real examples taken from the financial market so that the reader can understand their practical and professional application. In this regards, all real applications considered are based on the Spanish financial market. Furthermore, in order to assimilate properly the concepts in each unit, a set of problems to be solved is proposed, alongside a list of the correct answers. The recommended approach for using this book is to read each unit, work on the embedded examples, and then to practice by solving the set of problems

Los fondos de inversión como producto financiero alternativo a los planes de pensiones

Los fondos de inversión pueden suponer, para ciertos trabajadores, una mejor alternativa que los planes de pensiones para planificar la jubilación. Además, los fondos de inversión tienen la ventaja añadida de gozar de una liquidez muy superior a la de los planes de pensiones

Comparación de planes de pensiones y planes individuales de ahorro sistemático en un entorno de tipos de interés nulos

El presente trabajo tiene por objeto la comparación del producto financiero más tradicional y contratado en España para completar la pensión pública de jubilación, el plan de pensiones, con otro producto que, teniendo el mismo objetivo, ofrece diferentes ventajas fiscales, el plan individual de ahorro sistemático (...

Apuntes de matemática de las operaciones financieras

En principio, todos somos conscientes del diferente valor que tiene el dinero según el momento en que se disponga de él, de forma que es preferible cobrar 1.000€ al final de cada mes que 12.000€ al final del año. Sin embargo, muchas veces, en la práctica y de forma inconsciente, se suman cantidades monetarias situadas en distintos momentos del tiempo (lo habitual es que se diga que se percibe un sueldo anual de 12.000€). En general, se hace poco hincapié en el momento concreto de la percepción del dinero y se centra la atención únicamente en las cantidades monetarias. Justamente uno de los objetivos que nos hemos propuesto los autores de este manual es que los alumnos de los grados relacionados con la economía y la empresa, que en el futuro participarán en los mercados financieros, traten con cierta profundidad el mundo de la matemática financiera y aprendan a valorar cantidades monetarias disponibles en diferentes instantes temporales y, con ello, productos financieros. A partir de la idea básica del valor temporal del dinero, se estará en disposición de entender el significado de términos como capitalizar, actualizar, tipo de interés nominal, TAE, TIR, etc., y se habrá adquirido la capacidad de analizar distintos productos financieros, negociar con entidades financieras sobre las condiciones de una determinada operación, plantearse las mejores opciones de financiación para un particular o una empresa, analizar la viabilidad de distintos proyectos de inversión, etc

Effect of statin use on outcomes of adults with candidemia

Background: Statins have immunomodulatory properties and hinder Candida growth. However, it is unknown whether they may improve prognosis in patients with candidemia. We sought to determine the effect of prior statin use on the clinical outcomes of patients suffering candidemia. Methods and Findings: Multicenter cohort study of hospitalized adults with candidemia between 2005 and 2011 in six hospitals in Spain, Brazil and Argentina. Of 326 candidemias, 44 (13.5%) occurred in statin users and 282 (86.5%) in statin non-users. The median value of APACHE II at candidemia diagnosis was similar between groups (18 vs. 16; p=.36). Candida albicans was the most commonly isolated species, followed by C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata, and C. krusei. There were no differences regarding appropriate empirical antifungal treatment. Statin users had a lower early (5 d) case-fatality rate than non-users (4.5 vs. 17%; p=.031). This effect was not observed with other cardiovascular drugs (aspirin, beta blockers and ACE inhibitors). Independent factor related to early case-fatality rate was APACHE II score (AOR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.03-1.14; p=.002). An appropriate empirical antifungal therapy (AOR, 0.11; 95% CI, 0.04-0.26; p=<.001) and prior statin use were independently associated with lower early case-fatality (AOR, 0.17; 95% CI, 0.03-0.93; p=.041). Fourteen days (14d) and overall (30d) case-fatality rates were similar between groups (27% vs. 29%; p=0.77 and 40% vs. 44%; p=.66). Conclusions: The use of statins might have a beneficial effect on outcomes of patients with candidemia. This hypothesis deserves further evaluation in randomized trials

Diagnóstico y prevalencia de trastornos de la personalidad en atención ambulatoria. Estudio descriptivo.

Introducción: los trastornos de personalidad (TP) son difíciles de diagnosticar. La literatura científica informa de su elevada prevalencia en muestras clínicas, pero en la práctica clínica diaria su diagnóstico es muy poco frecuente. Objetivos: Este estudio pretende estimar la prevalencia de TP en una Unidad ambulatoria de Salud Mental (USM), en situación real, para primeras citas. Método: Se aplicó el Cuestionario Salamanca (CS) como instrumento de cribado y, con los puntos de corte mínimo (2/3) y máximo (5/6), se comparó con el diagnóstico clínico realizado por un psicólogo clínico o psiquiatra, sin conocer el resultado del cribado con CS. Resultados: El diagnóstico de TP realizado por un profesional fue de un 7%, frente al 100% de positivos obtenido por el CS en el punto de corte mínimo y el 53% con el máximo: 11,8% para Clúster A, 19,8% Clúster B y 21,4% en el C. Conclusiones: La elevada prevalencia de TPs en los centros de salud mental, junto con el infradiagnóstico clínico, son otros factores que ensombrecen el pronóstico de estos pacientes

Current clinical spectrum of common variable immunodeficiency in Spain: The multicentric nationwide GTEM-SEMI-CVID registry

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) constitutes a heterogenic group of primary immunodeficiency disorders with a wide-ranging clinical spectrum. CVID-associated non-infectious morbidity constitutes a major challenge requiring a full understanding of its pathophysiology and its clinical importance and global variability, especially considering the broad clinical, genetic, and regional heterogeneity of CVID disorders. This work aimed to develop a nationwide, multicenter, retrospective study over a 3-year period describing epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, therapeutic, and prognostic features of 250 CVID patients in Spain. The mean diagnostic delay was around 10 years and most patients initially presented with infectious complications followed by non-infectious immune disorders. However, infectious diseases were not the main cause of morbimortality. Non-infectious lung disease was extraordinarily frequent in our registry affecting approximately 60% of the patients. More than one-third of the patients in our cohort showed lymphadenopathies and splenomegaly in their follow-up, and more than 33% presented immune cytopenias, especially Evans' syndrome. Gastrointestinal disease was observed in more than 40% of the patients. Among biopsied organs in our cohort, benign lymphoproliferation was the principal histopathological alteration. Reaching 15.26%, the global prevalence of cancer in our registry was one of the highest reported to date, with non-Hodgkin B lymphoma being the most frequent. These data emphasize the importance of basic and translational research delving into the pathophysiological pathways involved in immune dysregulation and diffuse lymphocytic infiltration. This would reveal new tailored strategies to reduce immune complications, and the associated healthcare burden, and ensure a better quality of life for CVID patients