The Production of Palm Kernel Shell Charcoal by the Continuous Kiln Method

The agro industry sector in Malaysia generates a significant amount of renewable biomass in the form of oil palm kernel residues. Palm kernel shells are one of the residues from oil palm industry and have long been used as fuel in boiler to produce steam and electricity for mill processes. These residues had disposal and environmental pollution problems. Carbonisation at present is a promising method to convert the palm kernel shells into charcoal. This study was carried out to determine the properties of palm kernel shell charcoal manufactured by the continuous kiln method. The carbonization of palm kernel shells was carried out in the 40 feet horizontal continuous kiln. The carbonization took placed at 400 DC, 500 DC and 600 DC, each for 30, 40, 50 and 60 minutes. The results show that the volatile matter 8.6% - 26.5%, low ash content 2.4% - 3.9% and high fixed carbon 70.7% - 88.2%. The bulk density of the charcoal is 661 -781 kg/m3. The palm kernel shell charcoal had reasonably high percentage of fixed carbon. The results indicate that palm kernel shell charcoal is suitable for industrial application such as a feedstock for the production of activated carbon

Kajian Yuridis Terhadap Penggunaan Dana Desa Terkait Penanganan Pandemi Covid-19 Berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Desa Nomor 6 Tahun 2020 Tentang Prioritas Penggunaan Dana Desa

Pemerintah Desa sebagai badan kekuasaan terendah memiliki wewenang asli untuk mengatur rumah tangga sendiri jugamemiliki wewenang dan kekuasaan sebagai pelimpahan secara bertahap dari pemerintahan di atasnya yakni pemerintah daerah danpemerintah pusat. Dalam rangka merespon Covid-19 di wilayah Indonesia terhadap kesehatan dan keselamatan jiwa, perlu dilakukanpenyesuaian sementara pada persyaratan penyaluran dan penggunaan Dana Bagi Hasil, Dana Alokasi Umum, dan Dana InsentifDaerah dengan tetap berpegang teguh pada prinsip kehati-hatian dan dapat dipertanggungjawabkanRumusan dalam penelitian ini adalah Bagaimana penggunaan dana desa terkait penanganan pandemi Covid-19 berdasarkanPeraturan Menteri Desa Nomor 6 Tahun 2020 Tentang Prioritas Penggunaan Dana Desa dan Bagaimana sanksi hukum terhadappenyalahgunaan dana desa terkait penanganan Pandemi Covid-19. Jenis penelitian yang dilaksanakan adalah penelitian hukumnormatif, yaitu penelitian terhadap asas-asas hukum, penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan Undang-Undang (StatuteApproach).Berdasarkan uraian pembahasan penelitian ini, maka dapat diambil kesimpulan yaitu penyaluran dana desa terkait penangananCovid-19 berdasarkan Permendes Nomor 6 Tahun 2020 Tentang Prioritas Penggunaan Dana Desa pada ayat (2) tercantum dalamLampiran II yaitu Penggunaan Dana Desa diprioritaskan untuk membiayai padat karya tunai di Desa. Padat karya tunai di desamerupakan kegiatan pemberdayaan keluarga miskin, pengangguran, dan keluarga dengan balita gizi buruk yang bersifat produktifberdasarkan pemanfaatan sumber daya alam, tenaga kerja, dan teknologi lokal dalam rangka mengurangi kemiskinan, meningkatkanpendapatan dan menurunkan angka stunting. Sanksi hukum terhadap penyalahgunaan dana desa terkait penanganan Pandemi Covid19 diatur pada pasal 2 ayat (1) undang-undang No.20 Tahun 2001 Tentang Perubahan Atas UU No.31 Tahun 1999 TentangPemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi, yaitu dipidana dengan pidana penjara seumur hidup atau penjara paling singkat 4 (empat)tahun dan paling lama 20 (dua puluh) tahun dan denda paling sedikit Rp.200.000.000 (dua ratus juta rupiah) dan paling banyakRp.1.000.000.000 (satu milyar rupiah). Pasal 2 ayat (2) UU Pidana Korupsi menyatakan bahwa dalam hal tindak pidana korupsiSebagaimana dimaksud dalam ayat (2) dilakukan dalam keadaan tertentu, pidana mati dapat dijatuhkan

PROMOTING GREEN TOURISM FOR FUTURE SUSTAINABILITY

Green tourism is defined as environmentally friendly tourism activities with various focuses and meanings. In a broad term, green tourism is about being an environmentally friendly tourist or providing environmentally friendly tourist services. The green tourism concept would be highly appealing to tourism enterprises and operators owing to increasing governmental pressure to improve environmental performance by adopting effective and tangible environmental management techniques. Furthermore, achievement and promotion of internationally recognized environmental awards would be instrumental to the tourism enterprises in marketing their services. As a result, many concerned and responsible parties put forward recommendations for green tourism products to regulate tourism’s negative impacts. This conceptual paper attempts to discuss green tourism concept, green tourism certification and its processes as well explain the comparative approaches of green tourism in a few countries. Towards the end, by this green labeling, the industry can legitimately open up new areas for the more discriminating and wider range of the market, and tourists or visitors can enjoy the holiday they want with a clear conscience.green, tourism, certification, sustainability.

Relevance of The Fatwa of The Indonesian Ulema Council to The Renewal of Islamic Family Law in Indonesia (Study of MUI Fatwa Number: 4/Munas VII/MUI/8/2005 on Marriage of Different Religions)

Fatwa is a practical law similar to fiqh (al-ahkām al-'amaliyah). Therefore, the fatwa must be context-bound; context of time (tempus), place (locus), context of natural conditions, social context, demographic context, and other contexts. In the Indonesian context, the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) is the official state-recognized institution to issue fatwas as guidelines for Indonesian Muslims. This paper answers two questions: how is the MUI fatwa related to the legal status of interfaith marriages? Furthermore, is the MUI fatwa on interfaith marriage relevant to the reform of Islamic family law in Indonesia? As a result, although many scholars allow interfaith marriages because Muslim men and women are experts of the book, the MUI fatwa forbids interfaith marriages based on sadd al-dzari'ah to prevent negative impacts. This is a family law product with a renewal side, because it is responsive to social dynamics and changing times, by prioritizing the benefit based on maqasid shari'a

Asimilasi Nitrogen Ampaian Sel Kacang Tanah Yang Sensitif dan Toleran Kepada Aluminum dan Pengaturannya di Bawah Tegasan Aluminum

Ampaian sel kacang tanah (Arachis hypogeae L.) telah diperolehi daripada kalus dengan pe ngam paian di dalam medium L6 yang mengandungi 0.5 mg/l kinetin dan 2.0 mg/l 2,4-D. Aktiviti enzim-enzim utama dalam tapakjalan metabolisme nitrogen, nitrat reduktase (EC 1.6.6.1: NR); glutamat dehidrogenase (EC 1.4.1.2: NADH-GDH); glutamat sinthase (EC 1.4.1.16:NADH-GOGAT) dan glutamin sinthetase (EC 6.3.1.2: GS) pada ampaian sel ini telah dikaji. Enzim utama asimilasi nitrat, NR didapati berfungsi dengan aktiviti yang tinggi di awal fasa pertumbuhan sebelum menu run pada hari ke 6 hingga ke akhir fasa pertumbuhan. Kedua-dua tapak jalan asimilasi amonium, GDH dan GS/GOGAT juga berfungsi pada ampaian sel kacang tanah.Aktiviti NAOH-GOH adalah tinggi pada awal fasa pertumbuhan sel manakala aktiviti enzim GS dan GOGAT meningkat di akhir fasa pertumbuhan