Control Interno y desempeño laboral en los trabajadores de la Municipalidad de Yanque – Arequipa 2016

La investigación, tienen por objetivo general determinar la relación que existe entre control interno y desempeño laboral en los trabajadores de la Municipalidad de Yanque – Arequipa 2016, se considera relevante este estudio, porque establecerá una línea base sobre la situación actual de la institución. La investigación que se realizo es cuantitativa, con diseño correlacional, transversal, no experimental, la técnica que se utilizó es la encuesta para el control interno y la observación para el desempeño laboral.; respectivamente los instrumentos son el cuestionario y la escala de observación, los cuales fueron resueltos por la escala de Likert. La muestra es tipo censal, ambos instrumentos cuentan con 22 ítems y fueron aplicados a los 32 trabajadores de la Municipalidad de Yanque. La conclusión que se determinó, de acuerdo al valor obtenido con la r de Pearson (r = 0.843), es que existe una relación positiva fuerte entre el control interno y el desempeño laboral en la Municipalidad de Yanque-Arequipa; con ello se prueba la hipótesis general de investigación y se rechaza la hipótesis nula

Control Interno y desempeño laboral en los trabajadores de la Municipalidad de Yanque – Arequipa 2016

La investigación, tienen por objetivo general determinar la relación que existe entre control interno y desempeño laboral en los trabajadores de la Municipalidad de Yanque – Arequipa 2016, se considera relevante este estudio, porque establecerá una línea base sobre la situación actual de la institución. La investigación que se realizo es cuantitativa, con diseño correlacional, transversal, no experimental, la técnica que se utilizó es la encuesta para el control interno y la observación para el desempeño laboral.; respectivamente los instrumentos son el cuestionario y la escala de observación, los cuales fueron resueltos por la escala de Likert. La muestra es tipo censal, ambos instrumentos cuentan con 22 ítems y fueron aplicados a los 32 trabajadores de la Municipalidad de Yanque. La conclusión que se determinó, de acuerdo al valor obtenido con la r de Pearson (r = 0.843), es que existe una relación positiva fuerte entre el control interno y el desempeño laboral en la Municipalidad de Yanque-Arequipa; con ello se prueba la hipótesis general de investigación y se rechaza la hipótesis nula

Identification of Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli Strains from Avian Organic Fertilizers

The Brazilian poultry industry generates large amounts of organic waste, such as chicken litter, which is often used in agriculture. Among the bacteria present in organic fertilizer are members of the Enterobacteriaceae family. The objective of this study was to detect the presence of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) strains in avian organic fertilizer, and assess the potential damage they can cause in humans due to antimicrobial resistance. The presence of DEC pathotypes and phylogenetic groups were detected by multiplex-PCR. Phenotypic assays, such as tests for adhesion, cytotoxicity activity, biofilm formation and especially antimicrobial susceptibility, were performed. Fifteen DEC strains from 64 E. coli were isolated. Among these, four strains were classified as enteropathogenic (EPEC; 6.2%), three strains as Shiga toxin-producing (STEC; 4.7%), 10 strains as enteroaggregative (EAEC; 12.5%), but two of these harbored the eaeA gene too. The low number of isolated strains was most likely due to the composting process, which reduces the number of microorganisms. These strains were able to adhere to HEp-2 and HeLa cells and produce Shiga-toxins and biofilms; in addition, some of the strains showed antimicrobial resistance, which indicates a risk of the transfer of resistance genes to human E. coli. These results showed that DEC strains isolated from avian organic fertilizers can cause human infections

Pesquisa de Salmonella spp. e Escherichia coli diarreiogênica em linguiças suínas frescas

The presence of pathogenic microorganisms in meat products may result in foodborne diseases and economic losses to their producers. Small industries in the region of Londrina, Paraná, produce sausages that are commercialized in free fairs, small markets, bars, and restaurants in the city. Although these industries are inspected by the Municipal Inspection Service of Londrina, there are no data about the pathogenic microorganisms present in these products. The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of Salmonella spp. in sausages produced and sold in the region of Londrina, Paraná, and identify eae, bfp, stx1, stx2, hlyA, ipaH, elt, est, aggR, aap, and AA probe genes in Escherichia coli strains isolated from these samples. Forty-six samples of three types of sausages (fresh pork, Tuscan, and Calabresa) produced by four different producers (brands A, B, C, and D) were analyzed. Salmonella spp. was isolated from 13 (28.3%) and E. coli from 33 (71.3%) of the analyzed samples. Seven (53.8%) of 13 samples contaminated with Salmonella spp. were from brand A. Salmonella spp. contamination was the highest in the Tuscan sausage samples (8/17, 41.7%) when compared with the fresh pork sausage samples of all brands analyzed. E. coli was isolated from 12 of 13 samples contaminated with Salmonella spp. One sample of Calabresa sausage was contaminated with atypical enteropathogenic E. coli serotype O108:H9 that has the eae and hlyA genes. The results suggest contamination of the processing plant and/or raw meat used in the manufacture of sausages. A better inspection of the industries is required to ensure that Good Manufacturing Practices are followed by which the contamination of products by pathogenic bacteria can be prevented.A presença de microrganismos patogênicos em produtos cárneos pode levar a doenças de origem alimentar e perdas econômicas aos seus produtores. Pequenas indústrias da região de Londrina, Paraná, produzem embutidos que são comercializados em feiras livres, pequenos mercados, bares e restaurantes da cidade. Embora essas indústrias sejam fiscalizadas pelo Serviço de Inspeção Municipal de Londrina, não existem dados sobre microrganismos patogênicos presentes nesses produtos. Os objetivos deste estudo foram pesquisar a presença de Salmonella spp. em amostras de linguiças produzidas e comercializadas na região de Londrina, Paraná, e identificar os genes de virulência eae, bfp, stx1, stx2, hlyA, ipaH, elt, est, aggR, aap e AA probe das cepas de E. coli isoladas dessas amostras. Quarenta e seis amostras de três tipos de linguiça (suína fresca, toscana e calabresa) produzidas por quatro diferentes produtores (marcas A, B, C e D) foram analisadas. Salmonella spp. foi isolada em 13 (28.3%) amostras e E. coli em 33 (71.3%) amostras. Das 13 amostras contaminadas com Salmonella spp., sete (53.8%) foram da marca A. A contaminação por Salmonella spp. foi maior nas amostras de linguiça toscana (8/17 – 41.7%) quando comparada com a contaminação encontrada nas amostras de linguiça suína (4/22 – 18.2%), independente da marca analisada. E. coli foi isolada de 12 das 13 amostras contaminadas com Salmonella spp. Uma amostra de linguiça calabresa estava contaminada com E. coli enteropatogênica clássica atípica do sorotipo O108:H9, que apresentava genes eae e hlyA. Os resultados obtidos sugerem contaminação da planta de processamento e ou das matérias primas utilizadas na fabricação das linguiças. Uma fiscalização mais adequada das indústrias se torna necessária para que as Boas Práticas de Fabricação sejam atendidas e, consequentemente, prevenida a contaminação do produto por bactérias patogênicas

Presence Of Pathogenicity Islands And Virulence Genes Of Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia Coli (expec) In Isolates From Avian Organic Fertilizer.

Poultry litter is commonly used as fertilizer in agriculture. However, this poultry litter must be processed prior to use, since poultry have a large number of pathogenic microorganisms. The aims of this study were to isolate and genotypically and phenotypically characterize Escherichia coli from avian organic fertilizer. Sixty-four E. coli isolates were identified from avian organic fertilizer and characterized for ExPEC virulence factors, pathogenicity islands, phylogenetic groups, antimicrobial resistance, biofilm formation, and adhesion to HEp-2 cells. Sixty-three isolates (98.4%) showed at least one virulence gene (fimH, ecpA, sitA, traT, iutA, iroN, hlyF, ompT and iss). The predominant phylogenetic groups were groups A (59.3%) and B1 (34.3%). The pathogenicity island CFT073II (51.5%) was the most prevalent among the isolates tested. Thirty-two isolates (50%) were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent. Approximately 90% of isolates adhered to HEp-2 cells, and the predominant pattern was aggregative adherence (74.1%). In the biofilm assay, it was observed that 75% of isolates did not produce biofilm. These results lead us to conclude that some E. coli isolates from avian organic fertilizer could be pathogenic for humans.943025-303