The Munich SuperLink project

In Munich, the planning and development of the longest superconducting supply cable in an urban distribution grid is currently underway as part of the SuperLink project. This article will briefly introduce the project and explain the background that led to this idea. In addition, the chances that HTS cables offer for electric grid planning and the conversion of urban energy distribution in the context of the energy transition will be discussed

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Children with Neuromuscular Impairment

Clinically obvious reasons why children with neurological impairment (NMI) may be more severely affected in case of a viral respiratory tract infection include reduced vital capacity due to muscular weakness or spastic scoliosis, disturbed clearance of respiratory excretions (weak coughing and dysphagia), inability to comply actively with physiotherapeutic interventions, recurrent micro-aspirations (gastroesophageal reflux disease, vomiting related to coughing), a history of frequent exposure to antibiotics and health care institutions, colonization with resistant pathogens, impaired immunologic defence mechanisms due to severe malnutrition and cachexia, and early clinical deterioration in case of high fever with metabolic acidosis and hypercapnia, and maybe associated seizures or febrile convulsions

Datengetriebene Analysen stochastischer Prozesse und deren Wechselwirkungen

In dieser Arbeit wird untersucht, ob mit Hilfe eines von Siegert et al. (Siegert, Phys. Lett. A, 1998) vorgeschlagenen datengetriebenen Verfahrens zur Rekonstruktion einer Fokker-Planck Gleichung aus empirischen Zeitreihendaten eines stochastischen Prozesses eine Charakterisierung von komplexen Systemen mit unbekannter Dynamik möglich ist. Um auch Interdependenzen zwischen (Sub-) Systemen charakterisieren zu können, wird eine Erweiterung dieses Verfahrens vorgestellt, im Rahmen derer verschiedene bivariate Interdependenzkenngrößen eingeführt werden. Unter gewissen Voraussetzungen ist mit diesen Kenngrößen neben einer Differenzierung zwischen verschiedenen Arten von Interaktionen im deterministischen und stochastischen Anteil der Dynamik des betrachteten Systems auch eine Messung der Direktionalität von Kopplungen möglich. Zunächst wird die generelle Eignung dieser Kenngrößen zur Messung von (direktionalen) Interdependenzen mit Hilfe von synthetischen Daten von verschiedenen Modellsystemen untersucht. Im Rahmen dieser Untersuchung wird auch der Einfluss verschiedener Faktoren, wie beispielsweise die Wahl algorithmischer Parameter, das Vorhandensein von Messrauschen und strukturelle Unterschiede zwischen den analysierten Systemen, auf die mit diesem Ansatz erzielbaren Ergebnisse besonders im Hinblick auf eine konsistente Interpretierbarkeit bei der Anwendung auf Systeme mit unbekannten Dynamiken studiert. Anschließend wird das oben erwähnte Analyseverfahren und die darauf basierende Erweiterung zur Messung von Interdependenzen zur Charakterisierung der Dynamik eines natürlichen komplexen Systems, des menschlichen epileptischen Gehirns, verwendet. Dazu werden Zeitreihen hirnelektrischer Aktivität analysiert, die mit einer Vielzahl von Messsonden und während verschiedener Zustände zeitlich und räumlich hoch aufgelöst bei Epilepsiepatienten aufgezeichnet wurden. Bei dieser Analyse wird zunächst beispielhaft untersucht, inwieweit sich Zeitreihen physiologischer und pathophysiologischer hirnelektrischer Aktivität in einem eindimensionalen Kontext durch eine Fokker-Planck Gleichung beschreiben lassen. Zur Erfassung charakteristischer Eigenschaften der geschätzten Koeffizienten werden univariate Kenngrößen definiert, die dann für eine Charakterisierung von räumlichen und zeitlichen Aspekten der Dynamik des epileptischen Gehirns genutzt werden. Zusätzlich zur Charakterisierung mit diesem univariaten Ansatz werden auch zeitliche und räumliche Aspekte von Interaktionen zwischen verschiedenen Strukturen im epileptischen Gehirn mit Hilfe des neu vorgestellten bivariaten Ansatzes untersucht.</p

The Concept of Ecologically Oriented Progress and Natural Resource Preservation

The most important issue of scientific and technological progress is considering the environment challenges of industrial development. It means that the progress must be ecologically oriented and environmentally friendly. The most adequate concept for the approach to the issue of "man - society – nature" relations is the ontology of the noosphere - the idea of a common space for human beings and nature. It presents an ideal example of an optimistic attitude towards the coordination between accelerating the scientific and technological development and natural resource saving. However, to maintain the balance between human needs and environmental processes determined by this concept, it is essential to include the lean production training into technological development of society

Капитальный ремонт магистрального газопровода "Уренгой-Петровск" с переходом через автодорогу

Объектом исследования является: технология ремонта газопровода ручной дуговой наплавкой. Цель работы – изучение, анализ и обоснование выбора метода капитального ремонта магистрального газопровода, доказательство его эффективности. В работе исследованы основные этапы проведения ремонта магистрального газопровода и необходимого для этого оборудования. Вследствие износа необходим капитальный ремонт данного участка газопровода. В качестве способа ремонта выбран метод ручной дуговой наплавки. В работе показана последовательность проведения работ методом наплавки, приведен технологический расчет.The object of the study is: technology of pipeline repair manual arc welding. The purpose of the study, analysis and rationale for selecting the method of overhaul of gas-main pipelines, the proof of its effectiveness. The paper examines the main stages of the repair of gas pipeline and the necessary equipment. Due to wear the necessary overhaul of this section of the pipeline. As the method of repair chosen method of manual arc welding. The paper shows the sequence of work by overlaying method, the technological calculating

Detectability of Granger causality for subsampled continuous-time neurophysiological processes

Background: Granger causality is well established within the neurosciences for inference of directed functional connectivity from neurophysiological data. These data usually consist of time series which subsample a continuous-time biophysiological process. While it is well known that subsampling can lead to imputation of spurious causal connections where none exist, less is known about the effects of subsampling on the ability to reliably detect causal connections which do exist. New Method: We present a theoretical analysis of the effects of subsampling on Granger-causal inference. Neurophysiological processes typically feature signal propagation delays on multiple time scales; accordingly, we base our analysis on a distributed-lag, continuous-time stochastic model, and consider Granger causality in continuous time at finite prediction horizons. Via exact analytical solutions, we identify relationships among sampling frequency, underlying causal time scales and detectability of causalities. Results: We reveal complex interactions between the time scale(s) of neural signal propagation and sampling frequency. We demonstrate that detectability decays exponentially as the sample time interval increases beyond causal delay times, identify detectability “black spots” and “sweet spots”, and show that downsampling may potentially improve detectability. We also demonstrate that the invariance of Granger causality under causal, invertible filtering fails at finite prediction horizons, with particular implications for inference of Granger causality from fMRI data. Comparison with Existing Method(s): Our analysis emphasises that sampling rates for causal analysis of neurophysiological time series should be informed by domain-specific time scales, and that state-space modelling should be preferred to purely autoregressive modelling. Conclusions: On the basis of a very general model that captures the structure of neurophysiological processes, we are able to help identify confounds, and other practical insights, for successful detection of causal connectivity from neurophysiological recordings

The Munich SuperLink project

In Munich, the planning and development of the longest superconducting supply cable in an urban distribution grid is currently underway as part of the SuperLink project. This article will briefly introduce the project and explain the background that led to this idea. In addition, the chances that HTS cables offer for electric grid planning and the conversion of urban energy distribution in the context of the energy transition will be discussed

Influences of Electroplated Copper on Tensile Strain and Stress Tolerance of Critical Current in DyBCO-Coated Conductor

This paper was carried out to reveal the influence of plated copper onto the substrate tape constituting of DyBa2Cu3O7-δ, MgO, Ag, and Hastelloy C-276 on the stress-strain behavior, and tensile strain and stress tolerance of critical current at 77 K. From the analysis of the stress-strain relation of the copper-plated tape at 77 K, it was shown that the copper plated at room temperature is yielded in tension at 77 K due to the higher coefficient of the thermal expansion of copper than that of the substrate tape. The plated copper gave compressive strain to the substrate tape and, hence, the superconducting layer at 77 K, due to which the strain tolerance of critical current was improved. The observed improvement of the strain tolerance with increasing volume fraction of plated copper was quantitatively described from the viewpoint of the stress balance at 77 K between the substrate tape and yielded copper. The tolerant strain increased, but the tolerant stress decreased with increasing copper volume fraction. Such a tradeoff correlation between the tolerant strain and stress was well described by modeling analysis

In situ strain measurements of superconducting composites by depth and layer sensitive X-ray diffraction technique utilizing synchrotron radiation

Strain of the layers in Dy123-based coated superconductor composite tapes under tensile load has been evaluated by in situ synchrotron radiation diffraction near the L3 absorption edge of Dy. In the present work, in-plane diffraction profile of the materials under tensile deformation with the scattering vector parallel to the axial load has been analyzed. The axial strain evaluated from the Dy123 peaks agreed with the average sample strain obtained from a separate mechanical test in elastic region. After Lueders deformation started, the strain of the Dy123 layer remained almost constant, in agreement with a multiple fracture model for ductile-fragile composite materials. Anomalous dispersion effect was used to identify the origin of the Bragg peak