Standing outside the interview process? The illusion of objectivity in phenomenologiccal data generation

This paper challenges the idea of researcher objectivity as a necessary feature of phenomenological interviewing by contrasting the philosophies of Husserl and Heidegger in relation to the way they influence the interview process, the generation of data and the role of the researcher in the interview. The discussion demonstrates how a failure to distinguish between Husserlian transcendental phenomenology and Heideggerian hermeneutic phenomenology results in methodological confusion. The interviewing process is analysed with regard to researchers’ preconceptions, interviewer bias, the pursuit of objectivity and the relevance of subjectivity in phenomenological research. Quality indicators, such as adequacy of description and the elucidation of researchers’ preconceptions, are discussed and illustrated with examples from the authors’ doctoral studies

Exploring nurses’ experiences of providing high dependency care in children’s wards

The care of critically ill children has received much attention in the past decade, and many of the recommendations from reports relating to the provision of paediatric intensive care have been addressed. In comparison, high dependency care has received less attention. This level of care is often provided on ‘general’ children’s wards, yet its impact on nursing staff and care delivery have received little attention. This article presents a study which explores nurses’ experiences of providing high dependency care on children’s wards using focus groups. Following analysis, six categories emerged: definitions and perceptions of high dependency care; having a high dependency unit; problems in district general hospitals; the skills needed for high dependency care; team working; and staffing for high dependency care. These findings have implications for current clinical, managerial and educational practice and for future developments in the field of high dependency care for children

Nurse consultants: their characteristics and achievements

Aim. This paper reports one aspect of a larger study of nursing research strategies in one English region, focusing particularly on nurse consultants’ characteristics and achievements in the role.Background. Nurse consultant posts have only been established in the United Kingdom since 1999 and, although much comment has appeared in the professional literature, there is very little research-based evidence of how the roles are developing. The role is intended to integrate four domains: expert practice; professional leadership and consultancy; education, training and development; and practice and service development.Design. A cross-sectional design, using a convenience sample, was adopted.Methods. Ten nurse consultants working in a variety of settings and specialties participated in in-depth, tape-recorded interviews. The data were analysed using the Framework approach.Results. Four themes were identified from the data: characteristics of the postholder, role achievement, support systems and National Health Service influences. The first two themes are discussed in this paper and the data show that the nurse consultants varied in terms of their academic background and previous experience. Not all had the recommended minimum of Master's degree level preparation and some had limited research experience. These background characteristics seemed to influence the degree to which they were able to achieve the four domains of the role, with those with lower qualifications and from a mental health background appearing to struggle most.Conclusions. New appointments to these roles should only be made when candidates possess the recommended levels of educational preparation and professional experience of change management. It is also important that there is clarity about the scope of the role, which should not include management responsibilities. On-going research is essential to evaluate how the roles develop for postholders, the extent to which they fulfil policymakers’ expectations and what difference they make to patient care from a patient perspective.Relevance to clinical practice. The findings show that holders of such posts need to have appropriate previous knowledge, skills and personal characteristics, as these seem to influence their ability to integrate the four domains of the role and thus achieve the requirements of the post