Secret et libre accès: le cas des thèses numériques

The open access (OA) principle requires that scientific information be made widely and readily available to society. Defined in 2003 as a “comprehensive source of human knowledge and cultural heritage that has been approved by the scientific community”, open access implies that content be openly accessible and this needs the active commitment of each and every individual producer of scientific knowledge. Today, the success of the open access initiative cannot be denied. Yet, in spite of the growing success of the open access initiative, a significant part of scientific and technical information remains unavailable on the web or circulates with restrictions. Even in institutional repositories (IR) created to provide access to the scientific output of an academic institution and central vector of the so-called green road to open access, more or less important sectors of the scientific production are missing. This is because of lack of awareness, embargo, deposit of metadata without full text, confidential content etc. This problem concerns in particular electronic theses and dissertations (ETDs) that are disseminated with different statuses – some are freely available, others are under embargo, confidential, restricted to campus access (encrypted or not) or not available at all. While other papers may be available through alternative channels (journals, monographs etc.), ETDs most often are not. Our paper describes a new and unexpected effect of the development of digital libraries and open access, as a paradoxical practice of hiding information from the scientific community and society, partly while sharing it with a restricted population (campus). We try to explain these different shades of grey literature in terms of different degrees of secrecy related to intellectual property, legitimate interests, expected exploitation and trade secrets, and suggest some ways of increasing availability of ETDs in an open environment (inter-lending loan and document supply, alternative format etc.). The study builds on a review of recent papers on ETDs in institutional repositories and provides empirical evidence on this reality. The study also includes an overview of the thesis mandate policies of IR as mentioned in the ROARMAP directory and an evaluation of the availability of ETDs in a small panel of European and American academic IR, networks and institutions

Document supply of grey literature and open access: an update

International audiencePurpose: The article investigates the impact of the open archive initiative on the document supply of grey literature. Approach: The article is based on a comparative survey of five major scientific and technical information centres: The British Library (UK), CISTI (Canada), INIST-CNRS (France), KISTI (SouthKorea) and TIB Hannover (Germany). Findings: All major document suppliers are more or less deeply involved in the open archive movement, and this involvement has an obvious impact on the policy of acquisition, archiving and supply of grey literature (dissertations, reports, conferences etc.). Originality: The article is a follow-up study of our survey published in 2006.L'article analyse l'impact des archives ouvertes sur la fourniture de documents de la littérature grise. Il s'appuie sur une analyse comparative de 5 centres d'information scientifique : The British Library (UK), CISTI (Canada), INIST-CNRS (France), KISTI (Corée du Sud) and TIB Hannover (Allemagne)

Développement et usage des archives ouvertes en France. Rapport

Le rapport présente les résultats d\u27un projet de recherche mené en 2009 à l\u27université Charles-de-Gaulle Lille 3. L\u27objectif du projet : évaluer les résultats de la politique en faveur des archives ouvertes en France. La 1e partie du rapport intitulé « Développement » fournit des éléments chiffrés sur la typologie, la taille et le contenu des archives ouvertes, en comparant si possible l\u27information de 2009 avec 2008. L\u27enquête s\u27appuie sur un échantillon quasi-exhaustif des sites français, constitué à partir de répertoires et annuaires. Les données ont été collectées en ligne, sur chaque site

Making data in PhD dissertations reusable for research

International audienceHow can an academic library contribute to make data submitted together with PhD dissertations useful for further research? Our paper provides some recommendations for information professionals, based on a review of studies and projects and on empirical evidence from a content analysis of data sources and types from 300 print and digital dissertations in social sciences and humanities (1987-2013) and a survey on data management conducted with the scientists and PhD students of the University of Lille 3 in April and May 2015. Acknowledgment: With funding from MESHS, Lille (France)

Les articles de données comme nouvelle forme d'organisation des connaissances dans le domaine des données de recherche

International audienceData papers have been defined as scholarly journal publications whose primary purpose is to describe research data. Our survey provides more insights about the environment of data papers, i.e. disciplines, publishers and business models, and about their structure, length, formats, metadata and licensing. Data papers are a product of the emerging ecosystem of data-driven open science. They contribute to the FAIR principles for research data management. However, the boundaries with other categories of academic publishing are partly blurred. Data papers are (can be) generated automatically and are potentially machine-readable. Data papers are essentially information, i.e. description of data, but also partly contribute to the generation of knowledge and data on its own. Part of the new ecosystem of open and data-driven science, data papers and data journals are an interesting and relevant object for the assessment and understanding of the transition of the former system of academic publishing.Les articles de données ont été définis comme des publications de revues scientifiques dont l'objectif principal est de décrire les données de recherche. Notre enquête fournit davantage d'informations sur l'environnement des documents de données, c'est-à-dire les disciplines, les éditeurs et les modèles économiques, ainsi que sur leur structure, leur longueur, leurs formats, leurs métadonnées et leurs licences. Les articles de données sont un produit de l'écosystème émergent de la science ouverte axée sur les données. Ils contribuent aux principes de FAIR pour la gestion des données de recherche. Cependant, les frontières avec les autres catégories de publications scientifiques sont en partie floues. Les articles de données sont (peuvent être) générés automatiquement et sont potentiellement lisibles par machine. Les articles de données sont essentiellement des informations, c'est-à-dire des descriptions de données, mais ils contribuent aussi en partie à la production de connaissances et de données par eux-mêmes

Relationships between Consumption, Publication and Impact in French Universities in a value perspective: A Bibliometric Analysis

International audienceThe study aims to investigate the relationships between consumption of e-journals distributed by Elsevier ScienceDirect platform, publication (articles) and impact (citations) in a sample of 13 French universities, from 2003 to 2009. It adopts a value perspective as it questions whether or not publication activity and impact are some kind of return led by consumption. A bibliometric approach was used to explore the relations between these three variables. The analysis developed indicators inspired by the mathematical h-Index technique. Results show that the relation between consumption, publication and citations depends on the discipline’s profile, the intensity of research and the size of each institution. Moreover, although relations have been observed between the three variables, it is not possible to determine which variable comes first to explain the phenomena. The study concludes by showing strong correlations, which nevertheless do not lead to clear causal relations. The article provide practical implication for academic library managers who want to show the added value of their electronic e-journals collections can replicate the study approach. Also for policy makers who want to take into account e-journals usage as an informative tool to predict the importance of publication activity. Originality: The study is the first French contribution to e-journal value studies. Its originality consists in developing a value viewpoint that relies on a bibliometric approach.Keywords: scholarly journals, e-journals, ScienceDirect, value, academic libraries, downloads, citations, impact, articles, publication, research outcomes, h-index, France, bibliometry

Les entrepôts de données en sciences de l’information et de la communication (SIC). Une étude empirique

Pour alimenter le débat au sein de la communauté des sciences de l’information de la communication et accompagner l’émergence de la science ouverte, l’article présente les résultats d’une étude empirique sur les dispositifs numériques mis en place par et pour les chercheurs en SIC dans le domaine de la gestion des données de recherche. Quels sont les entrepôts thématiques et disciplinaires des SIC, et quels sont les services génériques d’accueil et de diffusion des données de recherche à disposition des SIC ? Après une analyse conceptuelle des données de recherche et des entrepôts, l’article présente les résultats d’une étude empirique à partir des répertoires Cat-OPIDoR et re3data, en particulier leurs contenus, métadonnées, dimensions disciplinaires et localisation géographique. La discussion porte sur trois aspects : la certification et la normalisation ; la question de la gestion, de l’archivage et/ou la diffusion des données ; et l’impact de la gestion des données sur la communauté des SIC. En guise de conclusion, l’article propose quelques recommandations pour le positionnement des SIC et quelques pistes pour des recherches futures.This article offers a contribution to the ongoing debate within the Information and Communication Sciences community concerning the emergence of Open science. We present the results of an empirical study on digital devices implemented by and for researchers in Information and Communication Sciences in the field of research data management. What are the thematic and disciplinary data repositories in this discipline, and what are the generic repositories for the preservation and dissemination of research data ? After a conceptual analysis of research data and warehouses, the article presents the results of an empirical study based on the Cat-OPIDoR and re3data directories, with information about their contents, metadata, disciplinary dimensions and geographic location. The discussion focuses on three aspects : certification and standardization ; the issue of management, archiving and/or dissemination of data ; and the impact of data management on the disciplinary community. By way of conclusion, the article offers some recommendations for the positioning of Information and Communication Sciences and for future researc

Dissertations and Data: keynote address

International audienceThe keynote provides an overview on the field of research data produced by PhD students, in the context of open science, open access to research results, e-Science and the handling of electronic theses and dissertations. The keynote includes recent empirical results and recommendations for good practice and further research. In particular, the paper is based on an assessment of 864 print and electronic dissertations in sciences, social sciences and humanities from the Universities of Lille (France) and Ljubljana (Slovenia), submitted between 1987 and 2015, and on a survey on data management with 270 scientists in social sciences and humanities of the University of Lille 3.The keynote starts with an introduction into data-driven science, data life cycle and data publishing. It then moves on to research data management by PhD students, their practice, their needs and their willingness to disseminate and share their data. After this qualitative analysis of information behaviour, we present the results of a quantitative assessment of research data produced and submitted with dissertations Special attention is paid to the size of the research data in appendices, to their presentation and link to the text, to their sources and typology, and to their potential for further research. The discussion puts the focus on legal aspects (database protection, intellectual property, privacy, third-party rights) and other barriers to data sharing, reuse and dissemination through open access.Another part adds insight into the potential handling of these data, in the framework of the French and Slovenian dissertation infrastructures. What could be done to valorise these data in a centralized system for electronic theses and dissertations (ETDs)? The topics are formats, metadata (including attribution of unique identifiers), submission/deposit, long-term preservation and dissemination. This part will also draw on experiences from other campuses and make use of results from surveys on data management at the Universities of Berlin and Lille.The conclusion provides some recommendations for the assistance and advice to PhD students in managing and depositing their research data, and also for further research.Our study will be helpful for academic libraries to develop assistance and advice for PhD students in managing their research data, in collaboration with the research structures and the graduate schools. Moreover, it should be helpful to prepare and select research data for long-term preservation, curate research data in open repositories and design data repositories.The French part of paper is part of an ongoing research project at the University of Lille 3 (France) in the field of digital humanities and research data, conducted with scientists and academic librarians. Its preliminary results have been presented at a conference on research data in February 2015 at Lille, at the 8th Conference on Grey Literature and Repositories at Prague in October 2015 and published in the Journal of Librarianship and Scholarly Communication. The Slovenian research results have not been published before

Efficience et économie d’échelle. Une étude sur l’édition de revues en libre accès

L’article analyse la distribution des éditeurs de revues en libre accès en fonction de leur taille. L’analyse exploite l’information sur les revues en libre accès du répertoire  DOAJ et l’information sur l’édition des revues scientifiques du Ulrichsweb. Les éditeurs et revues en libre accès sont moins nombreux que ceux du modèle traditionnel mais leur nombre augmente plus rapidement. Par rapport à l’édition traditionnelle, l’édition en libre accès est moins concentrée, avec moins de grands éditeurs et moins de revues publiées par de grands éditeurs. La situation « fragmentée » désavantage l’édition en libre accès du point de vue économique. La mutualisation de la production éditoriale est une des pistes d’évolution. La commercialisation liée à une concentration accrue en est une autre.The paper examines the distribution of open access (OA) journal publishers in terms of their reach. The analysis uses information on open access journals from the DOAJ Directory as well as information on scientific journals from the Ulrichsweb. Although there are fewer OA journals and publishers than for the traditional model, their number is growing faster. Compared to traditional publishing, OA publishing is less concentrated, with fewer major publishers and fewer journals published by major publishers. Economically speaking, this fragmentation disadvantages OA publishing. The sharing of editorial production is one of several possible developments. Commercialization with increased concentration is another

Efficiency and economies of scale. A study on publishing of open access journals

L’article analyse la distribution des éditeurs de revues en libre accès en fonction de leur taille et discute l’impact de cette distribution sur l’édition scientifique, sous l’aspect de l’efficience économique. L’analyse exploite l’information sur les revues en libre accès et leurs éditeurs du répertoire DOAJ et, à titre comparatif, l’information sur l’édition des revues scientifiques du Ulrichsweb. Le DOAJ contient 3921 éditeurs de revues en libre accès (OA). 95,8% des éditeurs publient jusqu’à trois titres tandis que seulement 54 éditeurs (1,4%) éditent 10 titres ou plus, cumulant ainsi 1643 revues (25,5%). Les éditeurs et revues OA sont moins nombreux que ceux du modèle traditionnel mais leur nombre augmente plus rapidement. La grande majorité des éditeurs OA sont de petite et de très petite taille (1-3 titres). Par rapport à l’édition traditionnelle, l’édition OA est moins concentrée, avec moins de grands éditeurs et moins de revues publiées par de grands éditeurs. La situation en France est différente dans la mesure où il manque de grands éditeurs de revues. La discussion pose la question de l’efficience de l’édition en libre accès. La situation « fragmentée » désavantage l’édition OA du point de vue économique, avec une conséquence directe sur la visibilité et l’impact des contenus. La mutualisation de la production éditoriale ou du moins d’une partie du workflow est une des pistes d’évolution. La commercialisation liée à une concentration accrue en est une autre.Efficiency and economies of scale. A study on publishing of open access journal