27 research outputs found
CROSS-CULTURAL ADAPTATION OF CHINESE STUDENTS: PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS
āļāļāļāļąāļāļĒāđāļ āđāļāļ·āđāļāļāļāđāļ§āļĒāļāļģāļāļ§āļāļāļąāļāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļāļĩāļāļāļĩāđāđāļāļīāđāļĄāļāļķāđāļāļāļĒāđāļēāļāļĢāļ§āļāđāļĢāđāļ§āđāļāļĄāļŦāļēāļ§āļīāļāļĒāļēāļĨāļąāļĒāđāļāļĒ āļŠāđāļāļāļĨāđāļŦāđāđāļāļīāļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļāļąāļāļ§āļĨāđāļĢāļ·āđāļāļāļŠāļ§āļąāļŠāļāļīāļāļēāļĢāđāļĨāļ°āļāļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļāđāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļĢāļąāļāļāļąāļ§āđāļŦāđāđāļāđāļēāļāļąāļāļ§āļąāļāļāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāđāļāļĒāđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļāļģāđāļāļīāļāļāļĩāļ§āļīāļāđāļāļĢāļąāđāļ§āļĄāļŦāļēāļ§āļīāļāļĒāļēāļĨāļąāļĒÂ āļāļ§āļēāļĄāļāļīāļāđāļŦāđāļāļāļāļāļāļąāļāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļāļĩāļāđāļāļāđāļ§āļāļāļĩāđāļāđāļēāļāļĄāļēāđāļāđāđāļŠāļāļāđāļŦāđāđāļŦāđāļāļ§āđāļē āļĄāļĩāļāļąāļāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļāļĩāļāđāļāļĩāļĒāļāļāļēāļāļŠāđāļ§āļāļāļĩāđāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļāļāļĢāļąāļāļāļąāļ§āđāļāđāđāļāđāļāļāļĒāđāļēāļāļāļĩ āđāļāļāļāļ°āļāļĩāđāļāļāļŠāđāļ§āļāđāļŦāļāđāļāļĢāļ°āļŠāļāļāļąāļāļāļąāļāļŦāļēāļāļēāļĢāļāļĢāļąāļāļāļąāļ§āļāļēāļāļ§āļąāļāļāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļĩāđāđāļĄāđāļāļļāđāļāđāļāļĒāļāļąāļāđāļāļ·āđāļāļāļĄāļēāļāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļēāļāļāļĨāļĒāļļāļāļāđāđāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļąāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļąāļāļāļĢāļ°āļŠāļāļāļēāļĢāļāđāļāļēāļāļ§āļąāļāļāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāđāļāļŠāļ āļēāļ§āļ°āđāļŦāļĄāđ āļāļĩāļāļāļąāđāļāļĒāļąāļāļĄāļĩāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāļđāđāļāļēāļāļāđāļēāļāļ§āļąāļāļāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāđāļāļĒāļāļĩāđāđāļĄāđāđāļāļĩāļĒāļāļāļ āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļāđāļāļāļēāļĢāļŠāļ·āđāļāļŠāļēāļĢāļāđāļēāļĄāļ§āļąāļāļāļāļĢāļĢāļĄ āļāļąāļāļāļąāđāļ āļāļēāļĢāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļ§āļīāļāļąāļĒāđāļāļāļĢāļąāđāļāļāļĩāđ āļāļķāļāļĄāļļāđāļāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļāļąāļāļŦāļēāļāļēāļĢāļāļĢāļąāļāļāļąāļ§āļāđāļēāļĄāļ§āļąāļāļāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāđāļĨāļ°āļāđāļāļŦāļēāļāļĨāļĒāļļāļāļāđāđāļĨāļ°āđāļāļ§āļāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāđāļāđāđāļāļāļąāļāļŦāļēāļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļāļąāļāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļāļĩāļāļāđāļāļāđāļāļīāļāļāļēāļāđāļāđāļēāļĄāļēāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļē āļ āļāļĢāļ°āđāļāļĻāđāļāļĒ āđāļāļāļŠāļāļāļāļēāļĄāļāļĨāļēāļĒāđāļāļīāļāļāļđāļāđāļāđāđāļāđāļāđāļāļĢāļ·āđāļāļāļĄāļ·āļāđāļāļāļēāļĢāđāļāđāļāļĢāļ§āļāļĢāļ§āļĄāļāđāļāļĄāļđāļĨ āļ§āļīāļāļąāļĒāļāļēāļāļāļąāļāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļāļĩāļ āļāļģāļāļ§āļ 30 āļāļ āļāļĩāđāļāļģāļĨāļąāļāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāđāļāđāļĢāļ°āļĒāļ°āđāļ§āļĨāļē 3 āđāļāļ·āļāļ āļ āļĄāļŦāļēāļ§āļīāļāļĒāļēāļĨāļąāļĒāđāļāļĒāđāļĨāļ°āļāđāļāļĄāļđāļĨāļāļđāļāļāļģāđāļāļ§āļīāđāļāļĢāļēāļ°āļŦāđāđāļāļĒāļ§āļīāļāļĩāļāļēāļĢāļ§āļīāđāļāļĢāļēāļ°āļŦāđāđāļāļ open and axial coding techniques (Strauss and Corbin, 1990) āļāļĨāļāļēāļĢāļ§āļīāļāļąāļĒāļāļāļ§āđāļē āļāļąāļāļŦāļēāļŦāļĨāļąāļāļāļĩāđāļŠāļģāļāļąāļāļāļāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļĢāļąāļāļāļąāļ§āļāļēāļāļ§āļąāļāļāļāļĢāļĢāļĄ āļāļ·āļ āļāļąāļāļŦāļēāļāđāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāđāļāđāļ āļēāļĐāļēāļāļąāļāļāļĪāļĐāđāļĨāļ°āļ āļēāļĐāļēāđāļāļĒ āļāļēāļāļāļĨāļĒāļļāļāļāđāđāļāļāļēāļĢāļŠāļ·āđāļāļŠāļēāļĢāļāđāļēāļĄāļ§āļąāļāļāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļąāļāļāļāđāļāļĒ āđāļĄāđāļāļļāđāļāđāļāļĒāļāļąāļāļĄāļēāļĢāļĒāļēāļāđāļāļĒ āļāļēāļŦāļēāļĢāđāļāļĒ āļāļĪāļāļīāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļāļŠāļąāļāļāļĄāļāļĩāđāđāļŦāļĄāļēāļ°āļŠāļĄ āđāļĨāļ°āļ§āļąāļāļāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļĢāđāļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļāļēāļĢāļŠāļāļāļāļāļāđāļāļĒāļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļāđāļēāļāļāļĨāļĒāļļāļāļāđāđāļĨāļ°āđāļāļ§āļāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāđāļāđāđāļāļāļąāļāļŦāļēāļāļąāđāļ āļāļĨāļāļēāļāļ§āļīāļāļąāļĒāđāļāđāđāļŠāļāļāđāļāļ° 3 āđāļāļ§āļāļēāļāļŦāļĨāļąāļ āļāļ·āļ āļāļąāļāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļāļĩāļāļāļ§āļĢāđāļāļīāđāļĄāļāļđāļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāļđāđāļāļēāļāļāđāļēāļāļ āļēāļĐāļēāđāļĨāļ°āļ§āļąāļāļāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāđāļāļĒ āđāļāļīāđāļĄāļāļąāļāļĐāļ°āđāļĨāļ°āļāļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļāļāļĩāđāļāļĩāđāļāļāļēāļĢāļŠāļ·āđāļāļŠāļēāļĢāļāđāļēāļĄāļ§āļąāļāļāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļŠāļ·āđāļāļŠāļēāļĢāļāļąāļāļāļāđāļāļĒ āđāļĨāļ°āļĄāļŦāļēāļ§āļīāļāļĒāļēāļĨāļąāļĒāđāļāļāļĩāļāļāļ§āļĢāļāļąāļāđāļŦāđāļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāļāļāļĢāļĄāļāļāļĄāļāļīāđāļāļĻāļāđāļāļāđāļāļīāļāļāļēāļāļĄāļēāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļē āļ āļāļĢāļ°āđāļāļĻāđāļāļĒāđāļāļ·āđāļāđāļŦāđāđāļāđāļēāđāļāļāļķāļāļāļĪāļāļīāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļāļ§āļąāļāļāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāđāļāļĒāļāļĩāđāđāļŦāļĄāļēāļ°āļŠāļĄ āļĄāļēāļĢāļĒāļēāļāđāļāļĒ āđāļĨāļ°āļĨāļąāļāļĐāļāļ°āļāļēāļĢāđāļĢāļĩāļĒāļāđāļāļĄāļŦāļēāļ§āļīāļāļĒāļēāļĨāļąāļĒāđāļāļĒ āļāļģāļŠāļģāļāļąāļ : āļāļēāļĢāđāļĢāļĩāļĒāļāđāļāļĄāļŦāļēāļ§āļīāļāļĒāļēāļĨāļąāļĒāļāđāļēāļāļāļĢāļ°āđāļāļĻ āļāļēāļĢāļāļĢāļąāļāļāļąāļ§āļāđāļēāļĄāļ§āļąāļāļāļāļĢāļĢāļĄ āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļ·āđāļāļŠāļēāļĢāļāđāļēāļĄāļ§āļąāļāļāļāļĢāļĢāļĄ ABSTRACT 1Faculty of Humanities, Chiang Rai Rajabhat University, ThailandWith the rapid increase of Chinese students studying at Thai universities, there is a growing concern for their welfare and ability to adapt to life at Thai universities and function successfully in Thai culture. Comments from past students show that a few can adapt, but most encounter problems such as prolong culture shock due to lack of strategies for dealing with new cultural experiences, inadequate knowledge of Thai culture and poor intercultural communication ability. Therefore, this study was initiated to investigate cross-cultural adaptation problems and find solutions and strategies for Chinese students to consider before coming to study in Thailand. Data were collected through an open-response questionnaire with thirty new comer Chinese students who had been studying English at a Thai university for three months. The open and axial coding techniques (Strauss and Corbin, 1990) were used for data analysis. The findings revealed that the most significant problems for cultural adaptation were including language barriers in both English and Thai, having no strategies for inter-cultural communication with Thai people, not being familiar with Thai etiquette and food, appropriate social behavior and Thai classroom culture. As far as solutions and strategies, the research recommends three main areas including increasing the study of Thai language and culture, having better competence in inter-cultural communication strategies for talking with Thai people, and providing more detail orientation training before coming to Thailand in order to understand proper Thai cultural behavior, etiquette and Thai university study habits. Keywords: Foreign University Study, Cross-Cultural Adaptation, Inter-Cultural Communicatio
Compressive behavior of trabecular bone in the proximal tibia using a cellular solid model
In this study, trabecular architecture is considered as a cellular solid structure, including both intact and damaged bone models. ??Intact?? bone models were constructed based on ideal versions of 25, 60 and 80-year-old specimens with varying trabecular lengths and orientations to 5%, and 10% covariance of variation (COV). The models were also flipped between longer transverse and longer longitudinal trabeculae. With increasing COV of lengths and orientations of trabecular bone, the apparent modulus is linearly decreased, especially in the longer transverse trabeculae lengths. ??Damaged?? bone models were built from the 25 year old model at 5% COV of longer transverse trabeculae, and with removing trabeculae of 5% and 10% of trabecular volume in transverse and longitudinal directions, respectively, as well as in combination to total 10% and 15%. With increasing percent of trabeculae missing, the apparent modulus decreased, especially dramatically when removal was only in the transverse direction. The trabecular bone models were also connected to a cortical shell and it was found that the apparent modulus of an entire slice was increased in comparison to the modulus of trabecular bone alone. We concluded that the architecture of trabecular bone, especially both lengths and percent of trabecular missing in the longitudinal direction, significantly influences mechanical properties
Piracy, intellectual property law and the fashion industry in Thailand
Fashion piracy in Thailand is viewed by the Thai government as a major problem and obstacle that prevents investment in fashion in Thailand. It also affects international trade relationships. The gradual enforcement of Intellectual property protection for the fashion industry should therefore be increased to help the industry survive and grow sustainably. However, there is an equally strong counter-argument that the fashion piracy industry may also increase levels of employment and develop essential skills in Thailand. Although Thailand is a developing country, its fashion industry is becoming one of its main industries both in terms of new Thai brands and also as a manufacturer of established global brands. Thus, the appropriate level of Intellectual property and its enforcement is the thin line to be considered, and it may affect both the fashion industry in Thailand and foreign investments
Mechanical bone strength in the proximal tibia
Due to the character of the original source materials and the nature of batch digitization, quality control issues may be present in this document. Please report any quality issues you encounter to [email protected], referencing the URI of the item.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 27-28).Issued also on microfiche from Lange Micrographics.Six bone slices from one canine tibia were tested by compressive load to determine the ultimate strength as a function of distance from the knee. Both the ultimate compressive strength and overall modulus of elasticity of tibial bone increased with increasing distance from the knee. However, over the first 15 mm the ultimate compressive strength is almost constant. Moreover, the changing cross-sectional area of cancellous bone conversely affects the changing strength and modulus of elasticity. These findings were a pilot study of the technique, which will subsequently be used for human tibial bone. Such data is relevant in the human with respect to the ability of the bone at various distances from the condyle to support the "flat-plate" loading of the tibial tray that is a standard component of total knee replacements
Non-native English Speaking Teachers: Uncovering Thai EFL Teachersâ Instructional Practices in an International Program of Thai University
Non-native English speaking teachers can serve as
good models for students because they are good in different
aspects from their native colleagues (Medgyes, 1994). With
a few studies concerning foreign studentsâ perceptions of
language teaching in Thai EFL contexts, Thai EFL teachers
have less deep information to reflect upon their instructional
practices. This paper, therefore, tries to discuss Chinese
studentsâ perceptions of Thai EFL teachersâ instructional
practices concerning their pedagogical strengths and weaknesses
in English language teaching. The study was conducted with
38 Chinese students from a university in Yunnan Province,
China through a set of questionnaires and open-response
items. The findings showed that native English speaking
teachers are the most preferable over Thai EFL teachers.
This preference is related to studentsâ learning experience
of English as a foreign language in China and the need for
native teachers in order to acquire language competence.
Interestingly, they viewed Thai EFL teachers positively.
Findings also indicated that Thai EFL teachers are
knowledgeable, qualified, and have good characteristics in
English language teaching. These factors have a positive impact on Chinese studentsâ learning in class, yet they also have some pedagogical
weaknesses and language limitations in English language teaching
Chinese studentsâ metaphorical descriptions of Thai teachers at a Thai university
Purpose â This paper discusses Chinese studentsâ negative and positive written feedback about Thai teachers using metaphorical descriptions and the links between it and their classroom experiences.
Methodology â An open-response questionnaire was employed to collect the data from 21 Chinese female students. The questionnaire provided both positive and negative âpeopleâ or âthingâ metaphors of Thai teachers for studentsâ selection. In addition, students were allowed to use their own metaphors to describe their teachers. Data was analyzed by using open and axial coding techniques.
Findings â The results revealed that Chinese students were able to compare Thai teachers with either a âpersonâ or âthingâ metaphor and could write a metaphorical description that reflected different aspects of their instructorsâ teaching, both positively and negatively. The quality of their descriptions was rich enough to link with their classroom learning experiences. Both positive and negative âpeopleâ and âthingâ metaphorical descriptions were associated with three different viewpoints: academic, power dynamics, and emotion. The positive âpeopleâ metaphorical descriptions were linked to four classroom issues: knowledge and experience, teaching style, motivation, and guardian/protector. In contrast, the positive âthingâ and negative âpeopleâ and âthingâ metaphorical descriptions were linked to three classroom issues: knowledge and experience, teaching style, and emotion.
Significance â These findings help to strengthen Thai-Sino understanding of the relationship between Chinese students and Thai teachers. Findings also suggested that Chinese studentsâ metaphorical feedback should be used with the non-metaphorical assessment form to evaluate and improve Thai teachersâ instructional practices in the Thai Chinese student exchange curriculum
āļŠāļĄāļāļąāļāļīāļāļēāļāđāļāļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĒāļ āļēāļāđāļĨāļ°āļāļļāļāļ āļēāļāļāļēāļāļāļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļāļŠāļąāļĄāļāļąāļŠāļāļāļāļāļēāļŠāļāđāļēāļāļĢāļēāļĻāļāļēāļāļāļĨāļđāđāļāļāļāļēāļāđāļāđāļāļāđāļēāļ§āļāļĨāđāļāļāđāļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāļāļļāļāļāđāļēāđāļāļĢāļāļĩāļāđāļāđāļāļēāļ§Physicochemical Properties and Sensory Quality of Gluten-free Brown Rice Pasta Enriched with Egg White Protein
āļāļĨāļīāļāļ āļąāļāļāđāļāļĢāļēāļĻāļāļēāļāļāļĨāļđāđāļāļāđāļāđāļĢāļąāļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļāļīāļĒāļĄāđāļāļīāđāļĄāļŠāļđāļāļāļķāđāļāļāļąāđāļ§āđāļĨāļ āļāļēāļāļ§āļīāļāļąāļĒāļāļĩāđāļĄāļĩāļ§āļąāļāļāļļāļāļĢāļ°āļŠāļāļāđāđāļāļ·āđāļāļāļąāļāļāļēāļāļēāļŠāļāđāļēāļāļĢāļēāļĻāļāļēāļāļāļĨāļđāđāļāļāļāļēāļāđāļāđāļāļāđāļēāļ§āļāļĨāđāļāļāđāļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāļāļļāļāļāđāļēāđāļāļĢāļāļĩāļ āđāļĨāļ°āļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļŠāļĄāļāļąāļāļīāļāļēāļāđāļāļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĒāļ āļēāļāđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļĒāļāļĄāļĢāļąāļāļāļāļāļāļđāđāļāļĢāļīāđāļ āļāļāđāļāļāļĨāļīāļāļ āļąāļāļāđāļāļĩāđāļāļąāļāļāļēāđāļāđ āđāļāļĒāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļāļĢāļīāļĄāļēāļāđāļāđāļāļāļŠāļĄāļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđāļēāļāđāļāđāļāļāđāļēāļ§āļāļĨāđāļāļ (Brown Rice Flour; BRF) āđāļĨāļ°āđāļāđāļāļāļĢāļĩāđāļāļĨāļēāļāļīāđāļāļāđ (Pregelatinized Cassava Starch; PGCS) (BRF : PGCS 100 : 0, 95 : 5 āđāļĨāļ° 90 : 10) āđāļāđāļāļēāļ§āļāļ (EWP āļāļĩāđāļĢāļ°āļāļąāļ 5 āđāļĨāļ°10%) āđāļĨāļ°āđāļāļāđāļāļāļāļąāļĄ (XG āļāļĩāđāļĢāļ°āļāļąāļ 5 āđāļĨāļ° 10%) āļ§āļēāļāđāļāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļāļĨāļāļāđāļāļ Full Factorial in CRD āļ§āļīāđāļāļĢāļēāļ°āļŦāđāļŠāļĄāļāļąāļāļīāļāļēāļāđāļāļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĒāļ āļēāļāđāļāđāđāļāđ āđāļ§āļĨāļēāđāļāļāļēāļĢāļŦāļļāļāļāđāļĄ āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļđāļāđāļŠāļĩāļĒāļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļŦāļļāļāļāđāļĄ āļāļēāļĢāļāļđāļāļāļąāļāļāđāļģ āļāļ§āļēāļĄāđāļāđāļāđāļāļĒāļāļēāļĢāļ§āļąāļāļāđāļ§āļĒāđāļāļĢāļ·āđāļāļāļ§āļīāđāļāļĢāļēāļ°āļŦāđāđāļāļ·āđāļāļŠāļąāļĄāļāļąāļŠ āđāļĨāļ°āļāļāļŠāļāļāļāļēāļāļāļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļāļŠāļąāļĄāļāļąāļŠ āđāļāļĒāđāļāđāļāļđāđāļāļāļŠāļāļāļāļīāļĄ āļāļģāļāļ§āļ 50 āļāļ āļāđāļ§āļĒāļāļēāļĢāđāļŦāđāļāļ°āđāļāļāđāļāļ 9-point Hedonic Scale āļĢāđāļ§āļĄāļāļąāļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļāđāļāļāļ·āđāļ āđāļāļāļēāļ°āļāļąāļ§āļāļĒāđāļēāļāļāļĩāđāļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāļŠāļđāļāđāļŠāļĩāļĒāļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđāļēāļāļŦāļļāļāļāđāļĄāļāđāļāļĒ āđāļŠāļīāļĢāđāļāļāļąāļ§āļāļĒāđāļēāļāđāļāļ Sequential Monadic āļāļĢāļąāđāļāļĨāļ° 4 āļāļąāļ§āļāļĒāđāļēāļ āđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļļāđāļĄāđāļŠāļīāļĢāđāļāđāļāļāļŠāļĄāļāļđāļĢāļāđ āļāļēāļāļāļĨāļāļēāļĢāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļāļāļ§āđāļē āļāļĩāđāļĢāļ°āļāļąāļāđāļāđāļāļēāļ§āļāļāđāļāļĩāļĒāļ§āļāļąāļ āđāļĄāļ·āđāļāļĢāļ°āļāļąāļāļāļāļ PGCS āđāļĨāļ° XG āđāļāļīāđāļĄāļāļķāđāļ āļŠāđāļāļāļĨāđāļŦāđāļāļąāļ§āļāļĒāđāļēāļāļāļēāļŠāļāđāļēāđāļāđāđāļ§āļĨāļēāđāļāļāļēāļĢāļŦāļļāļāļāđāļĄāļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāļŠāļđāļāđāļŠāļĩāļĒāļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđāļēāļāļŦāļļāļāļāđāļĄ āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļāļđāļāļāļąāļāļāđāļģāđāļāļīāđāļĄāļāļķāđāļ āđāļĄāļ·āđāļāļāļāļŠāļāļāļāļēāļāļāļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļāļŠāļąāļĄāļāļąāļŠāļāļāļ§āđāļē āļāļąāļ§āļāļĒāđāļēāļāļāļĩāđāļĄāļĩāļŠāđāļ§āļāļāļŠāļĄāļāļāļ BRF : PGCS/EWP/XG āļāļĩāđāļĢāļ°āļāļąāļ 95 : 5/10/5 āđāļāđāļĢāļąāļāļāļ°āđāļāļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļāļāļāļāđāļēāļāļĨāļąāļāļĐāļāļ°āļāļĢāļēāļāļāļāļĨāļīāđāļ āđāļĨāļ°āđāļāļ·āđāļāļŠāļąāļĄāļāļąāļŠ āļĄāļēāļāļāļĩāđāļŠāļļāļ āļāļąāđāļāļāļĩāđāļĄāļĩ āđāļĨāļ°āđāļĄāđāļĄāļĩāļāļāļŠāļāļēāļŠāļāđāļē āļāļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļāđāļāđāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļ·āđāļāļāļāļāļāļđāđāļāļĢāļīāđāļ āļāļāļāļāļāļąāļ§āļāļĒāđāļēāļāļāļĩāđāļŠāļđāļāļāļķāļ 78% āđāļĨāļ°āļŦāļāļķāđāļāļŦāļāđāļ§āļĒāļāļĢāļīāđāļ āļ 50 āļāļĢāļąāļĄ āļĄāļĩāļāļĢāļīāļĄāļēāļāđāļāļĢāļāļĩāļ 12.1% āļāļķāđāļāđāļāļĩāļĒāļāđāļāļĩāļĒāļāļāļąāļāļāļĢāļīāļĄāļēāļāđāļāļĢāļāļĩāļāļāļāļāļāļąāļ§āļāļĒāđāļēāļāļāļēāļŠāļāđāļēāļāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļāđāļēGluten free (GF) products are increasingly interested worldwide. The objective of this research was to develop gluten-free pasta from brown rice flour enriched with egg white protein and to evaluate physicochemical quality and consumer acceptability of developed gluten-free brown rice pasta formulations. Composite flour from Brown Rice Flour (BRF) and Pre-gelatinized Cassava Starch (PGCS) (BRF : PGCS at 100 : 0, 95 : 5 and 90 : 10), egg white powder (EWP at 5 and 10%, w/w), and xanthan gum (XG at 5 and 10%, w/w) were applied using full factorial in CRD to produce gluten-free pasta. Developed pasta was subjected to physicochemical properties including cooking time, cooking loss, water absorption, and hardness using texture analyser. Sensory evaluation using 9-point hedonic scale (with and without pasta sauce) (n=50) for the selected GF pasta which had low cooking loss was conducted and served using sequential monadic for 4 samples of each set with counterbalanced serving. The results showed that at the same level of EWP, as the levels of PGCS and XG increased, cooking time, cooking loss and water absorption increased. The hardness of GF pasta decreased as the level of PGCS increased. Sensory quality showed that pasta containing BRF : PGCS/EWP/XG at the level of 95 : 5/10/5 gained the highest liking score in terms of appearance, aroma, texture as well as overall liking, both with and without pasta sauce. The purchase intention of the selected GF pasta was up to 78%. The protein content was 12.1% which was comparable to the protein content of the commercial wheat pasta based on a serving size of 50 g
Effects of Ï-expansion, an additional hydroxyl group, and substitution on the excited state single and double proton transfer of 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde and its relative compounds: TD-DFT static and dynamic study
Performance of the Locally Made Disposable 10-gram Semmes-Weinstein Monofilament Compared to the Commercially Available Monofilament
Objective: The aim of this study was to find a technique to make a disposable monofilament which is accurate
and affordable for Thailand context. A prototype of local made monofilament was developed and tested with the
calibrated universal machine test to evaluate its performance compared with the commercial monofilament. Effect
of the uncontrolled humidity condition on the performance of the commercial monofilament was also studied.
Methods: Review of literatures showed no published specifications of the monofilament. The investigators set the
concepts that materials must be locally available and affordable. Also, the unit cost must be affordable for primary
care units in Thailand. Monofilamentâs fabrication technique was developed and the accuracy test of monofilament
force was performed and compared with the commercially available monofilament.
Results: The specification of locally made disposable 10-gram Semmes-Weinstein monofilament was identified. The
force of the monofilaments developed was in an acceptable range for a standard clinical practice and comparable
to the commercially available monofilament. From the study, the effect of Thailandâs humidity conditions can
deteriorate the performance of the monofilament. The investigators decided to use a disposable monofilament one
to ensure its hygiene and accuracy.
Conclusion: The local made disposable 10-gram Semmes-Weinstein monofilament was developed. The material
is available and affordable for Thailand context. The accuracy of the monofilamentâs force was measured by a
calibrated testing apparatus. Availability, durability, and cost are important issues to be concerned for medical tools
that have been recommended to use worldwide. The result from this study could be applied to other countries that
have similar conditions as Thailand