PAISAGEM: DIFERENTES OLHARES SOBRE O ESPAÇO GEOGRÁFICO

O conceito de paisagem pode ser trabalhado de uma maneira diferenciada a partir da concepção teórico-metodológica a ser seguida. Desta forma, este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar o conceito de paisagem segundo três concepções metodológicas distintas, a saber, a perspectiva sistêmica, fenomenológica e materialista histórica e aplicar estes conceitos no estudo de uma localidade, a bacia hidrográfica do Córrego da Malanda, situada em Presidente Prudente – SP – Brasil. Para isso, iniciamos esta abordagem metodológica com Bertrand (1969, 1998), Suertegaray (1987) e Sauer (1925). Percebemos que, a forma de observar a paisagem apresenta especificidades conforme a visão de mundo de cada autor, isso se reflete na linguagem e nos elementos a serem observados

Criminalidade nos municípios do Rio de Janeiro: uma análise multivariada e espacial

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a distribuição espacial e a dinâmica do fenômeno do crime nos municípios fluminenses, em 2006, 2010 e 2016. Para isso, foi construído um Índice de Criminalidade a partir da técnica multivariada de análise fatorial por componentes principais. Após, utilizou-se a análise exploratória dos dados espaciais para verificação da distribuição espacial da criminalidade. Assim, foi possível observar que os municípios com maior criminalidade estão concentrados espacialmente na região metropolitana do estado, onde foi encontrado um cluster principal do tipo alto-alto. Os clusters do tipo baixo-baixo localizaram-se principalmente nas regiões Serrana, Centro Fluminense e Noroeste Fluminense

EFFECT OF THE FINAL CARBONIZATION TEMPERATURE ON THE QUALITY OF FIVE SPECIES OF CERRADO

The objective of the research was to characterize the energetic properties of the charcoal from species from the cerrado sensu stricto, as well as to evaluate the effect of the final carbonization temperature. Five species were selected for study. Ten specimens were obtained from the logs of each species, submitted to two treatments with five replicates each. The basic density of the wood was calculated by the hydrostatic balance method. The charcoal was produced by the pyrolysis process of the wood in a muffle furnace adapted to capture the pyrolignous liquor, in which two heating speeds were used with final temperatures of 500 °C and 550 °C. Through the pyrolysis process, the total gravimetric yield of the coal, yield in condensable gas, and non-condensable gas were obtained. The apparent density, the immediate chemical analysis (ICA) of the charcoal was determined and, finally, its calorific value was calculated. The YC presented acceptable values for the species Terminalia glabrescens (35.43%) and Vatairea macrocarpa (32.59%). The volatile material content of Vatairea macrocarpa (22.53%) presented satisfactory values. Fixed carbon, ash and heat content were also considered acceptable for the species Terminalia glabrescens (74.43%, 0.96% 7457.40 kcal.kg-¹), Vatairea macrocarpa (75.21% 0.55% and 7443.57 kcal.kg-¹) and Xylopia aromatica (74.27%, 0.67% and 7365.56 kcal.kg-¹), presenting high energy potential. The YC, YL and YNNC were influenced by the heating speeds as well as the content of volatile materials. The recommended final carbonization temperature is 550 °C

Phytosociology and diametric structure of a fragment in the cerrado sensu stricto, south of tocantins

The study was developed in order to analyze the phytosociology and diametric distribution in a cerrado fragment with 7.5 ha located in the south of Tocantins. Six plots of 20x10m (200 sq m) were allocated, which were sampled every shrub-tree individuals with Circumference at Breast Height (CBH) larger than 9.5 cm. 486 individuals were registred, of which 454 are alive and 32 dead, distributed in 53 species, 50 genera and 29 families. The six most important species were Psidium catteleyanum, Astronium fraxinifolium, Tapirira guianensis, Qualea multiflora, Qualea grandiflora and Byrsonima stipulacea, totalizing 34.67% of the total IVI. The average of the vegetation was for height 6.5 m and diameter of 7.6 cm, besides a basal area of 17,08 sq m.ha-1, 4076 individuals per ha and volume of 83,53m³.ha-1m³/ha. The diameter distribution of the fragment showed the typical pattern in a “reverse J-shaped”.The study was developed with the objective to analyze the phytosociology and diametric structure in a cerrado sensu stricto (Brazilian savannah) fragment with 7.5 ha located in the southern of Tocantins State, Brazil. Six plots of 20 x 10 m (200 m2) were allocated, and every shrub-tree individuals with circumference at breast height (CBH) larger than 9.5 cm were sampled. 486 individuals were registered, of which 476 are alive and 10 dead, distributed in 53 species, 50 genera and 29 families. The six most important species were Psidium catteleyanum, Astronium fraxinifolium, Tapirira guianensis, Qualea multiflora, Qualea grandiflora and Byrsonima stipulacea, totalizing 34.67% of the total IVI. The average height of the vegetation was 6.5 m and 7.6 cm for diameter, besides a basal area of 17.08 m2 ha-1, 4076 individuals per ha and volume of 83.53m3 ha-1. The diameter distribution of the fragment showed the typical pattern in inverted “J”

QUALIDADE DE MUDAS DE COPAIFERA LANGSDORFFII DESF., CULTIVADAS EM SUBSTRATOS ALTERNATIVOS, EM FUNÇÃO DE ADUBAÇÃO COMPLEMENTAR

There is a growing interest in the production of seedlings of native species for recovery of degraded areas, restoration of legal reserve and areas of permanent preservation or for use in different sectors of the economy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of seedlings of Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. cultivated in an alternative substrate as a function of complementary mineral fertilization. The experiment was carried out at the Forest Nursery of the Federal University of Tocantins - UFT, Gurupi University Campus. A randomized complete block experimental design was used in a 2x12 factorial design with ten replications. They were measured at 90 days after emergence: Height of seedlings, Root length; Colo diameter; Dry mass of aerial part and root system; Leaf area; Substrate density and seedling quality index. The substrate was composed of Worm Humus (50%) and subsoil soil (50%) in the absence of fertilization provides improvement in the morphology of the seedlings as dry shoot mass, dry mass of the roots and the highest quality index of seedlings . Substrates with 75% commercial substance and 25% subsoil and 100% commercial substrate do not require fertility supplementation with fertilization to promote improvement in seed quality index. However, if the sources of commercial substrate and bark of charred rice are used, the use of fertilizer is recommended as the proportion of these organic compounds is reduced.Atualmente, é crescente o interesse na produção de mudas de espécies nativas para recuperação de áreas degradadas, recomposição de reserva legal e áreas de preservação permanente ou para o uso em diferentes setores da economia. Com isso objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade de mudas de Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. cultivada em substrato alternativo em função da adubação mineral complementar. O experimento foi desenvolvido no Viveiro Florestal da Universidade Federal do Tocantins – UFT, Campus Universitário de Gurupi. Instalou-se ensaio experimental em delineamento de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial de 2x12, com dez repetições. Foram mensurados aos 90 dias após a emergência: Altura das Mudas, Comprimento da Raiz; Diâmetro do Colo; Massa Seca de Parte Aérea e Sistema Radicular; Área foliar; Densidade do substrato e o Índice de Qualidade de Mudas. O substrato foi constituído por Húmus de Minhoca (50%) e terra de subsolo (50%) na ausência de adubação proporciona melhoria na morfologia das mudas quanto a massa seca da parte aérea, massa seca das raízes e o maior índice de qualidade de mudas. Os substratos com 75% de substância comercial e 25% de terra de subsolo e 100% de substrato comercial não requerem a suplementação da fertilidade com adubação para promover a melhoria no índice de qualidade de mudas. No entanto, se forem utilizadas as fontes de substrato comercial e casca de arroz carbonizada, recomenda-se o uso de adubação à medida em que forem diminuindo a proporção desses compostos orgânicos

Quality of seedlings of Copaifera langsdorffii Desf Cultivated in Alternative Substrates According to the Source and Methods of Application of Humic Acids

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of humic acid application methods on an alternative organic substrate in the quality of seedlings of Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. The experiment was carried out in a nursery of production of forest seedlings under cover of the dark type with 50% of luminosity retention, located in the municipality of Dianópolis state of Tocantins, in geographical coordinates, 11° 37′ 41″ S of latitude, 46° 49′ 17″ W of longitude, with altitude of 702 meters. The results revealed that the use of the commercial humic acid source applied via foliar promotes a higher quality of seedlings in relation to the alternative source and the absence of application of humic acids

Youth education: maintenance the people in the field

This study aimed to provide new knowledge livestock activities prevalent in family units through the training of students from rural schools. The learning was through a multidisciplinary team, which was part of the educational program of technical training of rural youth, entitled: "Youth Empowerment: Man Maintenance in the field", responsible for disseminating technologies through courses and practical training. This project was carried out in 55 municipal and state schools in Rio Grande do Norte, involving 19 municipalities and 1242 students from rural areas. The educational content of the theoretical segment had the following themes: food, health and reproductive management of cattle, goats, sheep and hens. It was noticed significant absorption of mainly content taught in the following topics: caring for the young (87.76%), importance of castration (91.4%) and handling facilities (96.48%), respectively belonging to the management of cattle, goat, sheep and hens. The higher performance of students among the topics discussed was the management of hens, possibly due to their wider dissemination in the region. The work achieved its goal of imparting knowledge to students, once implemented, will enable a subsequent increase in production by opening new income opportunities for small farmers and improving the economic development of families. Thus, the project has achieved the goals and provided to students from rural areas of the covered municipalities, a working knowledge of increment to be readily adopted in their production systems with real gains in health and management of cattle, goats, sheep and hens.This study aimed to provide new knowledge for livestock activities prevalent in family units through the training of students from rural schools. The learning was through a multidisciplinary team, which was part of the educational program of technical training of rural youth, entitled: "Youth Empowerment: Maintenance the people in the field", responsible for disseminating technologies through courses and practical training. This project was carried out in 55 municipal and state schools in Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil, involving 19 municipalities and 1242 students from rural areas. The educational content of the theoretical segment had the following themes: food, health and reproductive management of cattle, goats, sheep and hens. It was noticed significant absorption of mainly content taught in the following topics: caring for the foal (87.76%), importance of castration (91.4%) and handling facilities (96.48%), respectively to the management of cattle, goat, sheep and hens. The higher performance of students among the topics discussed was the management of hens, possibly due to their wider dissemination in the region. The work achieved its goal of imparting knowledge to students, once implemented, will enable a subsequent increase in production by opening new income opportunities for small farmers and improving the economic development of families. Thus, the project has achieved the goals and provided to students from rural areas of the covered municipalities, a working knowledge of increment to be readily adopted in their production systems with real gains in health and management of cattle, goats, sheep and hens

VULNERABILITIES TO HIV AMONG THE LGBT POPULATION AND WOMEN LIVING ON THE STREETS AND DEPRIVED OF THEIR LIBERTY

Introdução e Justificativa Na área da saúde, a vulnerabilidade tem uma maior relação com algumas populações específicas, tais como pessoas em situação de rua, mulheres, população LGBTQIA+ (Lésbicas, Gays, Bissexuais, Transgêneros, Queer, Intersexo, Assexual, Mais), população encarcerada e pessoas com HIV/aids. Diante do exposto, percebe-se que a compreensão das vulnerabilidades de mulheres e da população LGBTQIA+, em situação de rua e nos presídios ao HIV, torna-se relevante para o planejamento e desenvolvimento de ações de melhoria contínua da qualidade da assistência, superação das barreiras de acesso às instituições de saúde e ações concretas para o redirecionamento dos serviços de atenção à saúde