Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Analysis of Mental and Genial Spinal Foramina in a Thai Population

Objective: To investigate frequency, anatomic location, and morphology of mental and genial spinal foramina in a group of Thai population. Materials and Methods: A total of 107 maxillofacial cone-beam computed tomography scans were collected and analyzed for frequency, anatomic location and morphology of mental and genial spinal foramina. Data were analyzed using Chi-Square test, one-way ANOVA and independent t-test. P values less than 0.05 were accepted as statistically significant. Results: The mental foramen was located at the apex of second premolar in 46%and between apices of premolars 35.8%. Round and oval mental foramina were found in 65% and 21% of patients, respectively. The superior and inferior genial spinal foramina were encountered in 80.3% and 32.7% of patients, respectively. The accessory mental foramen was identified in 6.6% of patients. The average distance from the center of mental foramen to the alveolar and basal borders of mandibular body was 11.70 ± 2.13 and 16.34 ± 3.79mm, respectively. Conclusion: This study indicates that horizontal position of mental foramen in Thai population is remarkably variable. Cone beam computerized tomography is optimal for delineating diminutive anatomical structures in the anterior mandible. High prevalence rates of superior and inferior genial spinal foramina necessitate comprehensive CBCT screening before surgery in the interforaminal region of the mandible.published_or_final_versio

Spontaneous healing capacity of rabbit cranial defects of various sizes

PURPOSE: This study evaluated the spontaneous healing capacity of surgically produced cranial defects in rabbits with different healing periods in order to determine the critical size defect (CSD) of the rabbit cranium. METHODS: Thirty-two New Zealand white rabbits were used in this study. Defects of three sizes (6, 8, and 11 mm) were created in each of 16 randomly selected rabbits, and 15-mm defects were created individually in another 16 rabbits. The defects were analyzed using radiography, histologic analysis, and histometric analysis after the animal was sacrificed at 2, 4, 8, or 12 weeks postoperatively. Four samples were analyzed for each size of defect and each healing period. RESULTS: The radiographic findings indicated that defect filling gradually increased over time and that smaller defects were covered with a greater amount of radiopaque substance. Bony islands were observed at 8 weeks at the center of the defect in both histologic sections and radiographs. Histometrical values show that it was impossible to determine the precise CSD of the rabbit cranium. However, the innate healing capacity that originates from the defect margin was found to be constant regardless of the defect size. CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained for the spontaneous healing capacity of rabbit cranial defects over time and the underlying factors may provide useful guidelines for the development of a rabbit cranial model for in vivo investigations of new bone materialsope

Proportion of deproteinized bovine bone and autogenous bone affects bone formation in the treatment of calvarial defects in rabbits : research report

Thailand Government Fund and Prince of Songkla Universit

Predictive factor of androgen deprivation therapy for patients with advanced stage prostate cancer

Background: The purpose of this study was to identify the predictive factors for the efficacy of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in men with hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (PC) with or without distant metastasis. Methods: A retrospective review of PC patients was conducted of the medical records. We enrolled 246 patients who received primary ADT. PC patients treated with ADT for presumed nonlocalized PC were evaluated on the efficacy of ADT using prostate-specific antigen (PSA) time to progression (TTP) and compared factors associated with TTP in patients with distant metastasis and patients without distant metastasis. Results: A total of 246 patients were treated primarily with ADT. The median follow-up period was 20.2 months. One hundred and ninety-one patients had metastatic disease. The median TTP on ADT for the distant metastasis group was 14.8 months versus 60.1 months in the without distant metastasis group (P<0.0001). In the univariate analysis only, PSA nadir after ADT was associated with longer TTP (hazard ratio, 10.69; 95% confidence interval, 5.56–20.57). In the multivariate analysis, high grade tumor and PSA nadir were independent factors associated with a shorter TTP. Conclusion: In this study of hormone-sensitive PC patients treated with ADT for nonlocalized PC, high grade tumor and PSA nadir were predicting factors of this treatment

Effects of Estrogen Deprivation and Titanium Surfaces on Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow Stromal Cells, an in Vitro Study

Abstract Objectives: The study aimed to investigate effects of estrogen deficiency and titanium surfaces on growth and osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs. Methods: Under a written informed consent, human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs) were harvested, cultured and seeded on cell culture plates and titanium disks (Straumann, Switzerland),smooth and sandblasted acid-etched (SLA) titanium surfaces. Then cells were cultured in estrogendeprived(ED) growth medium for 24 h. and subsequently in conventional (FBS-OS) and ED-osteogenic(ED-OS) media for 21 day. Examination under scanning electron microscope (SEM) was performed to assess cell viability, attachment, morphologies and growth. Cell viability assay was conducted to determine cell growth. Alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium contents levels were measured to evaluate osteogenic differentiation potential (n=4, Mean±SD).Results: Titanium surface microtopographies and ED cell culture influenced cell morphology,attachment and growth. Human BMSCs were spindle-shaped cells on cell culture plate and smooth titanium surfaces, while on SLA titanium surface cells were stellate-like cells. Estrogen-deprived cell culture decreased cell attachment, growth and osteogenic differentiation potential of hBMSCs.Alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium content levels on all surfaces in ED-OS were markedly and significantly lower than FBS-OS media (p&lt;0.05). Promoting effects of SLA surface on osteogenic differentiation, ALP activity and calcium contents, were found only in FBS-OS not ED-OS media.Conclusions: Estrogen-deprived cell culture decreased cell growth and osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs. A SLA surface could not promote osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs in ED-condition. Thus, modification of titanium surface microtopographyalone might be insufficient to enhance osteointegration of dental implant in osteoporotic bone. Key words: Osteoporosis, Sandblasted and acid etched titanium surface, Osteoblastic differentiation Songkhla, Thailan

A primary Ewing's sarcoma of the kidney: A case report and review of literature

Primary Ewing's kidney sarcoma is a rare and aggressive cancer with poor treatment outcomes. Furthermore, clinical presentations are nonspecific, such as abdominal pain, abdominal mass, cachexia, or hematuria. Currently, there is no consensus guideline for the treatment of this condition. We report on a 22-year-old man who presented with gross hematuria for 3 weeks. Computed tomography demonstrated a huge right renal mass with a thrombus in the inferior vena cava (IVC) without visceral metastasis. A percutaneous tissue biopsy revealed Ewing's sarcoma (ES) and the patient received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (doxorubicin and ifosfamide) for four cycles. This reduced the tumor's size significantly and made it eligible for surgical intervention. Radical nephrectomy and tumor thrombus removal with wedge IVC wall were performed. The final diagnosis of ES was confirmed by the immunohistochemistry of the kidney specimen. After a 5-year follow-up of the patient, clinical and imaging evidence demonstrated that there was no disease recurrence

Properties and Characteristics of Acid-Soluble Collagen from Salmon Skin Defatted with the Aid of Ultrasonication

Salmon skin, a byproduct from the deskinning process, can be used as an alternative source of collagen. Due to the high fat content in skin, the defatting process is required prior to extraction. The properties and characteristics of acid-soluble collagen (ASC) from salmon skin (Oncorhynchus nerka), defatted using isopropanol without and with ultrasonication (70% amplitude for 10 min), were investigated. The ASC from the skin that was defatted with aid of ultrasonication (U-ASC) exhibited lower (p w/w, dry weight basis). U-ASC had a higher hydroxyproline content (49.15 mg/g dry sample) and maximum transition temperature (Tmax) (11.6 °C) than C-ASC (collagen extracted from skin defatted without ultrasonication). Both of the ASCs were classified as type I collagen. C-ASC and U-ASC had isoelectric points of 7.17 and 7.40, respectively. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and circular dichroism spectra reconfirmed the triple-helix structure of both ASCs. The major amino acid of both collagens was glycine (297–308 residues/1000 residues). A high amount of imino acid (191–193 residues/1000 residues) was also found. After gastrointestinal digestion, the degree of hydrolysis of the digested U-ASC (23.19%) was slightly higher than that of the digested C-ASC (22.31%). However, both digests had no differences in antioxidant activities. Both of the ASCs could be therefore used as functional ingredient

International Journal of Dentistry and Oral Science (IJDOS)

Objective: To investigate frequency, anatomic location, and morphology of mental and genial spinal foramina in a group of Thai population. Materials and Methods: A total of 107 maxillofacial cone-beam computed tomography scans were collected and analyzed for frequency, anatomic location and morphology of mental and genial spinal foramina. Data were analyzed using Chi-Square test, one-way ANOVA and independent t-test. P values less than 0.05 were accepted as statistically significant. Results: The mental foramen was located at the apex of second premolar in 46% and between apices of premolars 35.8%. Round and oval mental foramina were found in 65% and 21% of patients, respectively. The superior and inferior genial spinal foramina were encountered in 80.3% and 32.7% of patients, respectively. The accessory mental foramen was identified in 6.6% of patients. The average distance from the center of mental foramen to the alveolar and basal borders of mandibular body was 11.70 ± 2.13 and 16.34 ± 3.79mm, respectively. Conclusion: This study indicates that horizontal position of mental foramen in Thai population is remarkably variable. Cone beam computerized tomography is optimal for delineating diminutive anatomical structures in the anterior mandible. High prevalence rates of superior and inferior genial spinal foramina necessitate comprehensive CBCT screening before surgery in the interforaminal region of the mandible