Participation of Married Women in the Labour Market and the 'Added Worker Effect' in Europe

In this paper, we estimate labour participation equations for married women for eleven European countries, using data from the European Community Household Panel corresponding to the years 1994, 1995 and 1996. The main objective of our study is to test whether the 'added worker effect' holds. From our results it can be concluded that the labour market participation of the married woman basically depends on her personal and family characteristics, her non-wage income and her potential earnings. In only a few countries does the participation of married women seem to be related to the work status of the husband. However, the consistently significant and negative effect of the woman's non-wage income (basically the husband's wage) prevents the 'added worker effect' from being completely rejected as a hypothesis. It seems, therefore, that female labour market participation continues to have a 'secondary' role in the family sphere in some European countries.Female participation ; added worker effect

On The Measurement Of Illegal Wage Discrimination: The Michael Jordan Paradox

Standard wage discrimination models assume that independent observers are able to distinguish a priori which workers are suffering from discrimination. However, this assumption may be inadequate when severe penalties can be imposed on discriminatory employers. Antidiscrimination laws will induce firms to behave in such a way that independent observers (for instance, lawyers, economists) cannot easily detect discriminatory practices. This problem can be solved by estimating the discriminatory wage gap using finite mixture or latent class models because these procedures do not require the a priori classification of workers. In fact, the standard discrimination model can be seen as a particular case of our method when the probabilities of belonging to a group are fixed (to one or zero). We estimate discrimination coefficients for Germany and United Kingdom using the European Community Household Panel (ECHP). We obtain unambiguous higher discrimination in Germany for a wide set of measuresdiscrimination; wages; latent class model; finite mixture models.

Is an inequality-neutral flat tax reform really neutral?

Let us assume a revenue- and inequality-neutral flat tax reform shifting from a graduated-rate tax. Is this reform really distributional neutral? Traditionally, there has been a bias toward the inequality analysis, forgetting other relevant aspects of the income distribution. This kind of reforms implies a set of composite transfers, both progressive and regressive, even though inequality remains unchanged. This paper shows that polarization is a useful tool for characterizing this set of transfers caused by inequality-neutral tax reforms. A simulation exercise illustrates how polarization can be used to discriminate between two inequality-neutral tax alternatives.polarization, inequality, flat tax

Special Issue of the Manufacturing Engineering Society 2021 (SIMES-2021)

After the complete success of the first, second, and third editions of the Special Issues of the Manufacturing Engineering Society (SIMES), with a total of 118 contributions (94 in Materials and 24 in Applied Sciences) on emerging methods and technologies, the Special Issue of the Manufacturing Engineering Society 2021 (SIMES-2021) was launched again as a joint Special Issue of the same journals—Materials and Applied Sciences.Partial funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málag

Forecasting accuracy of behavioural models for participation in the arts

A first version of this paper was presented at the University of Catania, 2011 and at the fifth European Workshop on Applied Cultural Economics in Dublin, 2011.forecasting, count data, prediction intervals, Brier scores, bootstrapping, arts

De los márgenes al centro : una aplicación del feminismo postcolonial a los derechos humanos

En las últimas décadas, el feminismo postcolonial ha tenido enormes consecuencias para las posibilidades de reconceptualización de la política o los derechos. A la luz de esto, el ensayo explora las relaciones entre feminismo postcolonial, derechos humanos y democracia. Este artículo sigue el trabajo teórico de bell hooks. En primer lugar el trabajo revisa la emergencia del feminismo postcolonial y analiza puntos claves del debate generado por estas aproximaciones dentro de los estudios de mujeres. En segundo lugar, el artículo examina alguno de los dilemas y críticas provocadas por las aproximación es al concepto de derechos humanos. El ensayo concluye estudiando las formas en las que las aproximaciones del feminismo postcolonial podrían realizar avances significados en la manera de repensar la ciudadanía.In the last decades, postcolonial feminism has had enormous consequences for the reconceptualization of politics or rights. In light of this, the present paper explores the crossroads among postcolonial feminism, human rights and citizenship. The paper follows bell hook's theoretical work. It does so by first, the paper reviews the emergence of postcolonial feminism and analyzes the key topics of debate generated by these approaches within Women Studies. Secondly, the paper examines some of the dilemmas and criticisms provoked by these approaches to the concept of human rights. The paper concludes by exploring the ways in which postcolonial feminist approaches might continue to make significant advancement in rethinking citizenshi