Relación entre los estilos parentales y el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en estudiantes de 8º, 9º y 10º residentes en el municipio de Manizales en el año 2013

Establecer la relación entre estilos parentales y consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en estudiantes de 8º, 9º y 10º residentes en Manizales en el año 2013. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal. En estudiantes de 8º, 9º y 10º de colegios públicos y privados, área urbana y rural de Manizales, para un total de 13.518 estudiantes de 79 instituciones educativas. Técnicas e instrumentos de recolección de información: Escala de estilos de socialización parental en la adolescencia (ESPA29) y el instrumento de escolares del Sistema Interamericano de Datos Uniformes sobre Consumo (SIDUC) de la CICAD/OEA (Comisión Interamericana para el Control del Abuso de Drogas/Organización de Estados Americanos). Resultados: El 64,7% de las y los estudiantes cuentan con padres que ejercen los estilos autorizativo (35.7%) e indulgente (29%). El estilo parental más frecuente en la figura paterna con un 28%, es el negligente y en la materna el autorizativo con el 42,5%. Los datos indican una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre consumo de SPA y los 4 estilos parentales estudiados, encontrando que el estilo autoritario y negligente se comportan como factores de riesgo y el estilo parental indulgente y autorizativo como factores protectores. Conclusiones: Poseer padres con estilo negligente, eleva el riesgo en un 34% de consumir cocaína, 31% marihuana, 23% cigarrillo, 39% pegantes y 26% dick. Las y los estudiantes que cuentan con padres con un estilo autoritario y negligente, tienen una probabilidad de un 32% y un 20% mayor que el del estilo indulgente para alcoholismo y un 27% y 37% incrementado para dependencia a la marihuana.Establish the relationship between parenting styles and substance use among students of 8th, 9th and 10th, residents in Manizales in 2013. Materials and Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional study. For students of 8th, 9th and 10th from public and private schools, urban and rural area of Manizales, for a total of 13,518 students in 79 schools. Techniques and tools for data collection: Scale parental socialization styles in adolescence (ESPA29) and the instrument of the inter-school Uniform Consumption Data (SIDUC) CICAD/ OEA (Inter-American Drug Abuse Control Drugs/Organization of American States). Results: 64.7% of students have parents who exercise the authoritative (35.7%) and indulgent styles (29%). The most frequent father figure with 28% parental style is negligent and breast with the authoritative 42.5%. The data indicates a statistically significant association between consumption of SPA and the 4 parenting styles studied, finding that the authoritarian and neglectful style behave as risk factors and indulgent and authoritative parenting style as protective factors. Conclusions: Having parents with negligent style, raises the risk by 34% for cocaine, 31% marijuana, cigarette 23%, 39% glues and 26% dick. Students who have parents with an authoritarian and neglectful style have a probability of 32% and 20% larger than the alcoholism indulgent style and 27% and 37% increase for marijuana dependence

Red haloBODIPYs as theragnostic agents: The role of the substitution at meso position

Three different molecular designs based on BODIPY dye have been proposed as photosensitizers (PSs) for photodynamic therapy (PDT) by the inclusion of halogen atoms (Iodine) at 2,6-positions and with extended conjugation at 3, 5-positions and varying the substitution at meso position. The synthesis is described and their main photophysical features including singlet oxygen production and triplet states were characterized by absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy (steady-state and time-correlated) and nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. The results were compared with the commercial Chlorin e6. The three new red-halogen-BODIPYs showed a great balance between singlet oxygen generation (Phi(Delta)>= 0.40) and fluorescence (Phi(fl)>= 0.22) for potential application on PDT, and particularly in theragnosis. In vitro experiments in HeLa cells were done to study their performance and to elucidate the best potential candidate for PDT.This research was funded by the Basque Government, grant numbers IT912-16, IT-1302-19 and IT1639-22. This work is supported by Min-isterio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades-Agencia Estatal de Investigacion (MCI/AEI) , grant numbers MAT2017-83856-C3-2-P and 3-P, PID2020-114347RB-C32, PID2020-114755 GB-C32 and the Uni-versity of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) , grant number COLAB19/01. R.P.M. thanks UPV/EHU for postdoctoral felowship (DOCREC 20/55) . Open Access funding is provided by University of Basque Country

Functionalization of photosensitized silica nanoparticles for advanced photodynamic therapy of cancer

BODIPY dyes have recently attracted attention as potential photosensitizers. In this work, commercial and novel photosensitizers (PSs) based on BODIPY chromophores (haloBODIPYs and orthogonal dimers strategically designed with intense bands in the blue, green or red region of the visible spectra and high singlet oxygen production) were covalently linked to mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) further functionalized with PEG and folic acid (FA). MSNs approximately 50 nm in size with different functional groups were synthesized to allow multiple alternatives of PS-PEG-FA decoration of their external surface. Different combinations varying the type of PS (commercial Rose Bengal, Thionine and Chlorine e6 or custom-made BODIPY-based), the linkage design, and the length of PEG are detailed. All the nanosystems were physicochemically characterized (morphology, diameter, size distribution and PS loaded amount) and photophysically studied (absorption capacity, fluorescence efficiency, and singlet oxygen production) in suspension. For the most promising PS-PEG-FA silica nanoplatforms, the biocompatibility in dark conditions and the phototoxicity under suitable irradiation wavelengths (blue, green, or red) at regulated light doses (10–15 J/cm2) were compared with PSs free in solution in HeLa cells in vitro

Formylation as a Chemical Tool to Modulate the Performance of Photosensitizers Based on Boron Dipyrromethene Dimers

Heavy-atom-free photosensitizers are envisioned as the next generation of photoactive molecules for photo-theragnosis. In this approach, and after suitable irradiation, a single molecular scaffold is able to visualize and kill tumour cells by fluorescence signalling and photodynamic therapy (PDT), respectively, with minimal side effects. In this regard, BODIPY-based orthogonal dimers have irrupted as suitable candidates for this aim. Herein, we analyse the photophysical properties of a set of formyl-functionalized BODIPY dimers to ascertain their suitability as fluorescent photosensitizers. The conducted computationally aided spectroscopic study determined that the fluorescence/singlet oxygen generation dual performance of these valuable BODIPY dimers not only depends on the BODIPY-BODIPY linkage and the steric hindrance around it, but also can be modulated by proper formyl functionalization at specific chromophoric positions. Thus, we propose regioselective formylation as an effective tool to modulate such a delicate photonic balance in BODIPY-based dimeric photosensitizers. The taming of the excited-state dynamics, in particular intramolecular charge transfer as the key underlying process mediating fluorescence deactivation vs. intersystem crossing increasing, could serve to increase fluorescence for brighter bioimaging, enhance the generation of singlet oxygen for killing activity, or balance both for photo-theragnosis.This research received financial support from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCIN)/Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) Grants: PID2020-114755GB-C32 and -C33 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. Gobierno Vasco (IT1639-22) is also grateful for the financial support

Red haloBODIPYs as theragnostic agents: The role of the substitution at meso position

Three different molecular designs based on BODIPY dye have been proposed as photosensitizers (PSs) for photodynamic therapy (PDT) by the inclusion of halogen atoms (Iodine) at 2,6-positions and with extended conjugation at 3, 5-positions and varying the substitution at meso position. The synthesis is described and their main photophysical features including singlet oxygen production and triplet states were characterized by absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy (steady-state and time-correlated) and nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. The results were compared with the commercial Chlorin e6. The three new red-halogen-BODIPYs showed a great balance between singlet oxygen generation (ΦΔ≥0.40) and fluorescence (Φfl≥0.22) for potential application on PDT, and particularly in theragnosis. In vitro experiments in HeLa cells were done to study their performance and to elucidate the best potential candidate for PDT

A BODIPY-Based Fluorescent Sensor for Amino Acids Bearing Thiol

Herein, we describe the synthetic route to access a red-emitting BODIPY from its α-diformylated precursor. The photophysical signatures of this dye are sensitive to the presence of thiol-containing amino acids (like cysteine, homocysteine, and glutathione) in the surrounding environment. This sensor provides up to three detection channels to monitor and quantify these biomolecules, even at low concentrations (down to micromolar). Moreover, owing to the pronounced splitting of the spectral band profile induced by these amino acids, the detection can be visualized following just the evolution of the fluorescence color by the naked eye

Exploring BODIPY Derivatives as Singlet Oxygen Photosensitizers for PDT

This minireview is devoted to honoring the memory of Dr. Thomas Dougherty, a pioneer of modern photodynamic therapy (PDT). It compiles the most important inputs made by our research group since 2012 in the development of new photosensitizers based on BODIPY chromophore which, thanks to the rich BODIPY chemistry, allows a finely tuned design of the photophysical properties of this family of dyes to serve as efficient photosensitizers for the generation of singlet oxygen. These two factors, photophysical tuning and workable chemistry, have turned BODIPY chromophore as one of the most promising dyes for the development of improved photosensitizers for PDT. In this line, this minireview is mainly related to the establishment of chemical methods and structural designs for enabling efficient singlet oxygen generation in BODIPYs. The approaches include the incorporation of heavy atoms, such as halogens (iodine or bromine) in different number and positions on the BODIPY scaffold, and also transition metal atoms, by their complexation with Ir(III) center, for instance. On the other hand, low‐toxicity approaches, without involving heavy metals, have been developed by preparing several orthogonal BODIPY dimers with different substitution patterns. The advantages and drawbacks of all these diverse molecular designs based on BODIPY structural framework are described

Cranial and extracranial giant cell arteritis do not exhibit differences in the IL6 -174 G/C gene polymorphism

Since interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pivotal proinflammatory cytokine implicated in the pathogenesis of giant cell arteritis (GCA), we aimed to determine the potential association of the functional IL6 -174 G/C polymorphism with GCA as well as if the single base change variation at the promoter region in the human IL-6 gene may account for differences in the clinical spectrum of GCA between cranial and extracranial large vessel vasculitis (LVV)-GCA

Cranial and extracranial large-vessel giant cell arteritis share a genetic pattern of interferon-gamma pathway

OBJECTIVES: Two main different clinical phenotypes of giant cell arteritis (GCA) have been described, the classic cranial pattern and the extracranial large-vessel (LV) pattern. Since interferon gamma (IFNG) has shown to be a pivotal cytokine in the pathophysiology of GCA, our aim was to evaluate for the first time the influence of IFNG and IFNG receptor 1 (IFNGR1) polymorphisms in the different clinical phenotypes of GCA. METHODS: Two IFNG polymorphisms (rs2069718 G/A and rs1861493 A/G) and one polymorphism in IFNGR1 (rs1327474 G/A) were genotyped in 191 patients with biopsy-proven cranial GCA, 109 with extracranial LV-GCA and 490 healthy controls. A comparative study was conducted between patients with cranial and extracranial LV-GCA. RESULTS: No significant differences in genotype, allele, and haplotype frequencies of IFNG polymorphisms were found between GCA patients with the classic cranial pattern and the extracranial LV-GCA pattern. Similar results were found for genotype and allele frequencies of IFNGR1 polymorphism. It was also the case when patients with extracranial LV-GCA were compared with healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that IFNG and IFNGR1 polymorphisms do not influence the clinical phenotype of expression of GCA. Classic cranial GCA and extracranial LV-GCA seem to share a genetic pattern of IFNG pathway

The presence of both HLA-DRB1[*]04:01 and HLA-B[*]15:01 increases the susceptibility to cranial and extracranial giant cell arteritis.

Objectives: To determine if patients with the predominant extracranial large-vessel-vasculitis (LVV) pattern of giant cell arteritis (GCA) have a distinctive HLA-B association, different from that reported in biopsy-proven cranial GCA patients. In a further step we assessed if the combination of HLA-B and HLA-DRB1 alleles confers an increased risk for GCA susceptibility, either for the cranial and extracranial LVV phenotypes. Methods: A total of 184 patients with biopsy-proven cranial GCA, 105 with LVV-GCA and 486 healthy controls were included in our study. We compared HLA-B phenotype frequencies between the three groups. Results: HLA-B*15 phenotype was significantly increased in patients with classic cranial GCA compared to controls (14.7% versus 5.8%, respectively; p<0.01; OR [95% CI] =2.81 [1.54-5.11]). It was mainly due to the HLA-B*15:01 allele (12.5% versus 4.0%, respectively; p<0.01; OR [95% CI] =3.51 [1.77-6.99]) and remained statistically significant after Bonferroni correction. Similar HLA-B*15 association was observed in patients with the LVV-GCA (11.4% versus 5.8%, p=0.04, OR [95% CI] =2.11 [1.04-4.30]). This association was also mainly due to the HLA-B*15:01 allele (10.5% versus 4.0%, respectively; p=0.0054; OR [95% CI] =2.88 [1.19-6.59]). Noteworthy, the presence of HLA-B*15:01 together with HLA-DRB1*04:01 led to an increased risk of developing both cranial and extracranial LVV-GCA. Conclusions: Susceptibility to GCA is strongly related to the HLA region, regardless of the clinical phenotype of expression of the disease.This work was partially supported by RETICS Programs, RD08/0075 (RIER), RD12/0009/0013 and RD16/0012 from ‘‘Instituto de Salud Carlos III’’ (ISCIII) (Spain). However, this research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the commercial or not-for-profit sectors