Prey abundance and intraguild predation between Adalia bipunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and Macrolophus pygmaeus (Hemiptera: Miridae)

Macrolophus pygmaeus Rambur (Hemiptera: Miridae) and Adalia bipunctata (L.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) are two predatory insects commonly used as biological control agents. In order to determine the incidence with which both species attack and eat each other [Intraguild predation (IGP)], the direction and symmetry of the interaction between A. bipunctata and M. pygmaeus were characterized. In addition, whether the intensity of IGP between these two predators increased when the number of extraguild prey Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) decreased, was also determined. Unidirectional sensu stricto IGP between A. bipunctata and M. pygmaeus was recorded: when IGP occurred, A. bipunctata was always the IG predator that killed and ate M. pygmaeus, the IG prey. However, the intensity of IGP was a function of the abundance of the extraguild prey, A. pisum, since IGP increased when the number of extraguild prey decreased. These results are discussed in terms of theoretical models that predict stability and the outcome of using natural enemies to control pests

New plant associations for Monalonion velezangeli (Hemiptera: Miridae) in green urban areas of Bogotá (Colombia)

Monalonion velezangeli Carvalho and Costa (Hemiptera: Miridae) is a polyphagous plant bug recognized as one of the most important pest species of coffee and avocado in rural regions of Colombia. M. velezangeli is reported for the first time in green urban areas in the high Andean city of Bogotá (Colombia). Specimens were collected on eight species of urban trees planted in the city, of which five represent new plant associations for M. velezangeli. The plant species Schinus molle L. (Anacardiaceae) is for the first time reported as new host plant damaged by M. velezangeli under urban conditions.Monalonion velezangeli Carvalho and Costa (Hemiptera: Miridae) es un mírido polífago reconocido como una de las especies plaga más importantes del café y el aguacate en regiones rurales de Colombia. M. velezangeli es reportado por primera vez en áreas verdes urbanas en la cordillera de los Andes en la ciudad de Bogotá (Colombia). Los especímenes fueron recolectados en ocho especies de árboles plantados en la ciudad, de los cuales cinco representan nuevas asociaciones de M. velezangeli. La especie Schinus molle L. (Anacardiaceae) es por primera vez reportada como nueva planta hospedera afectada por M. velezangeli bajo las condiciones urbanas

The age of tomato plants affects the development of Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas, 1878) (Hemiptera) colonies

We tested the hypothesis that the intensity and duration of Macrosiphum euphorbiae infestations in tomato depend on both the age (phenological stage) of the host plant and the initial number of aphids present in the colony. We compared the effects of three initial levels of infestation and two phenological stages of the plant (pre-flowering and flowering stages) on infestation curves. The position of the infestation peak over time was significantly affected by the plant phenological phase. Populations of M. euphorbiae reached the highest peak of abundance on plants infested at the pre-flowering stage compared to those subsequently infested. Within a phenological phase, the maximum abundance also varied according to the initial aphid density on the plant. The implications concerning the management of the pest in the field are briefly discusse

Clima, ciudades y biodiversidad: revisión de producción científica

International institutions have highlighted the necessity to generate knowledge about urban biodiversity, their ecological interactions and the effects of climate change. However, these knowledge remains unknown for the majority of cities around the world. The aim of this study was to determine what information has been produced in relation to climate and urban biodiversity nationally and internationally. We conducted a literature search using Scopus and databases of national universities and research institutes. We found 725 publications internationally and 115 publications in Colombia. We found an increase in the number of publications regarding urban biodiversity in the last 20 years. Internationally, most studies were conducted in Europe and 86 % of the publications focused on the study of plants in green areas and urban forests. In Colombia, almost half of the publications compiled were undergraduate theses and in general 45 % of publications focused on characterizations of species in urban ecosystems. Governmental institutions need to develop strategies that encourage research towards urban biodiversity and their ecological functions in climate change scenarios.Instituciones internacionales han resaltado la necesidad de generar conocimiento entorno a la biodiversidad urbana, sus interacciones ecológicas y los efectos del cambio climático, sin embargo, son pocas las ciudades las que lo han hecho. El objetivo de este artículo fue determinar el estado del arte sobre las relaciones clima y biodiversidad urbana a nivel nacional e internacional. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica por Scopus y en las bases de datos de las principales instituciones de Colombia. A nivel internacional se encontraron 725 publicaciones y a nivel nacional 115. Se encontró una tendencia de aumento en el número de publicaciones en los últimos 20 años. A nivel internacional la mayoría de estudios fueron realizados en Europa y el 86 % de las publicaciones se enfocaron en plantas en espacios verdes y bosques urbanos. En Colombia, la mayoría de la información proviene de trabajos de grado y el 45 % se concentraron en la caracterización de especies. Son pocas las publicaciones que han evaluado el impacto del cambio climático en la biodiversidad, especialmente a nivel nacional. Se requiere el desarrollo de una agenda interinstitucional para el estímulo de investigaciones en torno a la biodiversidad urbana y su funcionamiento en escenarios de cambio climático

Taking the pulse of Earth's tropical forests using networks of highly distributed plots

Tropical forests are the most diverse and productive ecosystems on Earth. While better understanding of these forests is critical for our collective future, until quite recently efforts to measure and monitor them have been largely disconnected. Networking is essential to discover the answers to questions that transcend borders and the horizons of funding agencies. Here we show how a global community is responding to the challenges of tropical ecosystem research with diverse teams measuring forests tree-by-tree in thousands of long-term plots. We review the major scientific discoveries of this work and show how this process is changing tropical forest science. Our core approach involves linking long-term grassroots initiatives with standardized protocols and data management to generate robust scaled-up results. By connecting tropical researchers and elevating their status, our Social Research Network model recognises the key role of the data originator in scientific discovery. Conceived in 1999 with RAINFOR (South America), our permanent plot networks have been adapted to Africa (AfriTRON) and Southeast Asia (T-FORCES) and widely emulated worldwide. Now these multiple initiatives are integrated via ForestPlots.net cyber-infrastructure, linking colleagues from 54 countries across 24 plot networks. Collectively these are transforming understanding of tropical forests and their biospheric role. Together we have discovered how, where and why forest carbon and biodiversity are responding to climate change, and how they feedback on it. This long-term pan-tropical collaboration has revealed a large long-term carbon sink and its trends, as well as making clear which drivers are most important, which forest processes are affected, where they are changing, what the lags are, and the likely future responses of tropical forests as the climate continues to change. By leveraging a remarkably old technology, plot networks are sparking a very modern revolution in tropical forest science. In the future, humanity can benefit greatly by nurturing the grassroots communities now collectively capable of generating unique, long-term understanding of Earth's most precious forests.Additional co-authors: Susan Laurance, William Laurance, Francoise Yoko Ishida, Andrew Marshall, Catherine Waite, Hannsjoerg Woell, Jean-Francois Bastin, Marijn Bauters, Hans Beeckman, Pfascal Boeckx, Jan Bogaert, Charles De Canniere, Thales de Haulleville, Jean-Louis Doucet, Olivier Hardy, Wannes Hubau, Elizabeth Kearsley, Hans Verbeeck, Jason Vleminckx, Steven W. Brewer, Alfredo Alarcón, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Eric Arets, Luzmila Arroyo, Ezequiel Chavez, Todd Fredericksen, René Guillén Villaroel, Gloria Gutierrez Sibauty, Timothy Killeen, Juan Carlos Licona, John Lleigue, Casimiro Mendoza, Samaria Murakami, Alexander Parada Gutierrez, Guido Pardo, Marielos Peña-Claros, Lourens Poorter, Marisol Toledo, Jeanneth Villalobos Cayo, Laura Jessica Viscarra, Vincent Vos, Jorge Ahumada, Everton Almeida, Jarcilene Almeida, Edmar Almeida de Oliveira, Wesley Alves da Cruz, Atila Alves de Oliveira, Fabrício Alvim Carvalho, Flávio Amorim Obermuller, Ana Andrade, Fernanda Antunes Carvalho, Simone Aparecida Vieira, Ana Carla Aquino, Luiz Aragão, Ana Claudia Araújo, Marco Antonio Assis, Jose Ataliba Mantelli Aboin Gomes, Fabrício Baccaro, Plínio Barbosa de Camargo, Paulo Barni, Jorcely Barroso, Luis Carlos Bernacci, Kauane Bordin, Marcelo Brilhante de Medeiros, Igor Broggio, José Luís Camargo, Domingos Cardoso, Maria Antonia Carniello, Andre Luis Casarin Rochelle, Carolina Castilho, Antonio Alberto Jorge Farias Castro, Wendeson Castro, Sabina Cerruto Ribeiro, Flávia Costa, Rodrigo Costa de Oliveira, Italo Coutinho, John Cunha, Lola da Costa, Lucia da Costa Ferreira, Richarlly da Costa Silva, Marta da Graça Zacarias Simbine, Vitor de Andrade Kamimura, Haroldo Cavalcante de Lima, Lia de Oliveira Melo, Luciano de Queiroz, José Romualdo de Sousa Lima, Mário do Espírito Santo, Tomas Domingues, Nayane Cristina dos Santos Prestes, Steffan Eduardo Silva Carneiro, Fernando Elias, Gabriel Eliseu, Thaise Emilio, Camila Laís Farrapo, Letícia Fernandes, Gustavo Ferreira, Joice Ferreira, Leandro Ferreira, Socorro Ferreira, Marcelo Fragomeni Simon, Maria Aparecida Freitas, Queila S. García, Angelo Gilberto Manzatto, Paulo Graça, Frederico Guilherme, Eduardo Hase, Niro Higuchi, Mariana Iguatemy, Reinaldo Imbrozio Barbosa, Margarita Jaramillo, Carlos Joly, Joice Klipel, Iêda Leão do Amaral, Carolina Levis, Antonio S. Lima, Maurício Lima Dan, Aline Lopes, Herison Madeiros, William E. Magnusson, Rubens Manoel dos Santos, Beatriz Marimon, Ben Hur Marimon Junior, Roberta Marotti Martelletti Grillo, Luiz Martinelli, Simone Matias Reis, Salomão Medeiros, Milton Meira-Junior, Thiago Metzker, Paulo Morandi, Natanael Moreira do Nascimento, Magna Moura, Sandra Cristina Müller, Laszlo Nagy, Henrique Nascimento, Marcelo Nascimento, Adriano Nogueira Lima, Raimunda Oliveira de Araújo, Jhonathan Oliveira Silva, Marcelo Pansonato, Gabriel Pavan Sabino, Karla Maria Pedra de Abreu, Pablo José Francisco Pena Rodrigues, Maria Piedade, Domingos Rodrigues, José Roberto Rodrigues Pinto, Carlos Quesada, Eliana Ramos, Rafael Ramos, Priscyla Rodrigues, Thaiane Rodrigues de Sousa, Rafael Salomão, Flávia Santana, Marcos Scaranello, Rodrigo Scarton Bergamin, Juliana Schietti, Jochen Schöngart, Gustavo Schwartz, Natalino Silva, Marcos Silveira, Cristiana Simão Seixas, Marta Simbine, Ana Claudia Souza, Priscila Souza, Rodolfo Souza, Tereza Sposito, Edson Stefani Junior, Julio Daniel do Vale, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, Dora Villela, Marcos Vital, Haron Xaud, Katia Zanini, Charles Eugene Zartman, Nur Khalish Hafizhah Ideris, Faizah binti Hj Metali, Kamariah Abu Salim, Muhd Shahruney Saparudin, Rafizah Mat Serudin, Rahayu Sukmaria Sukri, Serge Begne, George Chuyong, Marie Noel Djuikouo, Christelle Gonmadje, Murielle Simo-Droissart, Bonaventure Sonké, Hermann Taedoumg, Lise Zemagho, Sean Thomas, Fidèle Baya, Gustavo Saiz, Javier Silva Espejo, Dexiang Chen, Alan Hamilton, Yide Li, Tushou Luo, Shukui Niu, Han Xu, Zhang Zhou, Esteban Álvarez-Dávila, Juan Carlos Andrés Escobar, Henry Arellano-Peña, Jaime Cabezas Duarte, Jhon Calderón, Lina Maria Corrales Bravo, Borish Cuadrado, Hermes Cuadros, Alvaro Duque, Luisa Fernanda Duque, Sandra Milena Espinosa, Rebeca Franke-Ante, Hernando García, Alejandro Gómez, Roy González-M., Álvaro Idárraga-Piedrahíta, Eliana Jimenez, Rubén Jurado, Wilmar López Oviedo, René López-Camacho, Omar Aurelio Melo Cruz, Irina Mendoza Polo, Edwin Paky, Karen Pérez, Angel Pijachi, Camila Pizano, Adriana Prieto, Laura Ramos, Zorayda Restrepo Correa, James Richardson, Elkin Rodríguez, Gina M. Rodriguez M., Agustín Rudas, Pablo Stevenson, Markéta Chudomelová, Martin Dancak, Radim Hédl, Stanislav Lhota, Martin Svatek, Jacques Mukinzi, Corneille Ewango, Terese Hart, Emmanuel Kasongo Yakusu, Janvier Lisingo, Jean-Remy Makana, Faustin Mbayu, Benjamin Toirambe, John Tshibamba Mukendi, Lars Kvist, Gustav Nebel, Selene Báez, Carlos Céron, Daniel M. Griffith, Juan Ernesto Guevara Andino, David Neill, Walter Palacios, Maria Cristina Peñuela-Mora, Gonzalo Rivas-Torres, Gorky Villa, Sheleme Demissie, Tadesse Gole, Techane Gonfa, Kalle Ruokolainen, Michel Baisie, Fabrice Bénédet, Wemo Betian, Vincent Bezard, Damien Bonal, Jerôme Chave, Vincent Droissart, Sylvie Gourlet-Fleury, Annette Hladik, Nicolas Labrière, Pétrus Naisso, Maxime Réjou-Méchain, Plinio Sist, Lilian Blanc, Benoit Burban, Géraldine Derroire, Aurélie Dourdain, Clement Stahl, Natacha Nssi Bengone, Eric Chezeaux, Fidèle Evouna Ondo, Vincent Medjibe, Vianet Mihindou, Lee White, Heike Culmsee, Cristabel Durán Rangel, Viviana Horna, Florian Wittmann, Stephen Adu-Bredu, Kofi Affum-Baffoe, Ernest Foli, Michael Balinga, Anand Roopsind, James Singh, Raquel Thomas, Roderick Zagt, Indu K. Murthy, Kuswata Kartawinata, Edi Mirmanto, Hari Priyadi, Ismayadi Samsoedin, Terry Sunderland, Ishak Yassir, Francesco Rovero, Barbara Vinceti, Bruno Hérault, Shin-Ichiro Aiba, Kanehiro Kitayama, Armandu Daniels, Darlington Tuagben, John T. Woods, Muhammad Fitriadi, Alexander Karolus, Kho Lip Khoon, Noreen Majalap, Colin Maycock, Reuben Nilus, Sylvester Tan, Almeida Sitoe, Indiana Coronado G., Lucas Ojo, Rafael de Assis, Axel Dalberg Poulsen, Douglas Sheil, Karen Arévalo Pezo, Hans Buttgenbach Verde, Victor Chama Moscoso, Jimmy Cesar Cordova Oroche, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Massiel Corrales Medina, Nallaret Davila Cardozo, Jano de Rutte Corzo, Jhon del Aguila Pasquel, Gerardo Flores Llampazo, Luis Freitas, Darcy Galiano Cabrera, Roosevelt García Villacorta, Karina Garcia Cabrera, Diego García Soria, Leticia Gatica Saboya, Julio Miguel Grandez Rios, Gabriel Hidalgo Pizango, Eurídice Honorio Coronado, Isau Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Walter Huaraca Huasco, Yuri Tomas Huillca Aedo, Jose Luis Marcelo Peña, Abel Monteagudo Mendoza, Vanesa Moreano Rodriguez, Percy Núñez Vargas, Sonia Cesarina Palacios Ramos, Nadir Pallqui Camacho, Antonio Peña Cruz, Freddy Ramirez Arevalo, José Reyna Huaymacari, Carlos Reynel Rodriguez, Marcos Antonio Ríos Paredes, Lily Rodriguez Bayona, Rocio del Pilar Rojas Gonzales, Maria Elena Rojas Peña, Norma Salinas Revilla, Yahn Carlos Soto Shareva, Raul Tupayachi Trujillo, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Rodolfo Vasquez Martinez, Jim Vega Arenas, Christian Amani, Suspense Averti Ifo, Yannick Bocko, Patrick Boundja, Romeo Ekoungoulou, Mireille Hockemba, Donatien Nzala, Alusine Fofanah, David Taylor, Guillermo Bañares-de Dios, Luis Cayuela, Íñigo Granzow-de la Cerda, Manuel Macía, Juliana Stropp, Maureen Playfair, Verginia Wortel, Toby Gardner, Robert Muscarella, Hari Priyadi, Ervan Rutishauser, Kuo-Jung Chao, Pantaleo Munishi, Olaf Bánki, Frans Bongers, Rene Boot, Gabriella Fredriksson, Jan Reitsma, Hans ter Steege, Tinde van Andel, Peter van de Meer, Peter van der Hout, Mark van Nieuwstadt, Bert van Ulft, Elmar Veenendaal, Ronald Vernimmen, Pieter Zuidema, Joeri Zwerts, Perpetra Akite, Robert Bitariho, Colin Chapman, Eilu Gerald, Miguel Leal, Patrick Mucunguzi, Miguel Alexiades, Timothy R. Baker, Karina Banda, Lindsay Banin, Jos Barlow, Amy Bennett, Erika Berenguer, Nicholas Berry, Neil M. Bird, George A. Blackburn, Francis Brearley, Roel Brienen, David Burslem, Lidiany Carvalho, Percival Cho, Fernanda Coelho, Murray Collins, David Coomes, Aida Cuni-Sanchez, Greta Dargie, Kyle Dexter, Mat Disney, Freddie Draper, Muying Duan, Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert, Robert Ewers, Belen Fadrique, Sophie Fauset, Ted R. Feldpausch, Filipe França, David Galbraith, Martin Gilpin, Emanuel Gloor, John Grace, Keith Hamer, David Harris, Tommaso Jucker, Michelle Kalamandeen, Bente Klitgaard, Aurora Levesley, Simon L. Lewis, Jeremy Lindsell, Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, Jon Lovett, Yadvinder Malhi, Toby Marthews, Emma McIntosh, Karina Melgaço, William Milliken, Edward Mitchard, Peter Moonlight, Sam Moore, Alexandra Morel, Julie Peacock, Kelvin Peh, Colin Pendry, R. Toby Pennington, Luciana de Oliveira Pereira, Carlos Peres, Oliver L. Phillips, Georgia Pickavance, Thomas Pugh, Lan Qie, Terhi Riutta, Katherine Roucoux, Casey Ryan, Tiina Sarkinen, Camila Silva Valeria, Dominick Spracklen, Suzanne Stas, Martin Sullivan, Michael Swaine, Joey Talbot, James Taplin, Geertje van der Heijden, Laura Vedovato, Simon Willcock, Mathew Williams, Luciana Alves, Patricia Alvarez Loayza, Gabriel Arellano, Cheryl Asa, Peter Ashton, Gregory Asner, Terry Brncic, Foster Brown, Robyn Burnham, Connie Clark, James Comiskey, Gabriel Damasco, Stuart Davies, Tony Di Fiore, Terry Erwin, William Farfan-Rios, Jefferson Hall, David Kenfack, Thomas Lovejoy, Roberta Martin, Olga Martha Montiel, John Pipoly, Nigel Pitman, John Poulsen, Richard Primack, Miles Silman, Marc Steininger, Varun Swamy, John Terborgh, Duncan Thomas, Peter Umunay, Maria Uriarte, Emilio Vilanova Torre, Ophelia Wang, Kenneth Young, Gerardo A. Aymard C., Lionel Hernández, Rafael Herrera Fernández, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, Pedro Salcedo, Elio Sanoja, Julio Serrano, Armando Torres-Lezama, Tinh Cong Le, Trai Trong Le, Hieu Dang Tra

First records of Callaspidia defonscolombei Dahlbom, 1842 (Hymenoptera, Cynipioidea, Figitidae) in an urban environment in Colombia

Callaspidia defonscolombei Dahlbom, 1842, is a figitid wasp with a widespread distribution. In South America, it has been reported from Argentina, Brazil, and Chile. Here we report the first record of this species in Colombia, where it was associated with two species of trees in urban parks of Bogotá. We also report the presence of unknown pollen in the examined individuals. Future studies need to be conducted to identify the local impact of this species as a possible parasitoid and/or pollinator in the green spaces of the city of Bogotá

Prey abundance and intraguild predation between Adalia bipunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and Macrolophus pygmaeus (Hemiptera: Miridae)

Abstract. Macrolophus pygmaeus and Adalia bipunctata (L.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) are two predatory insects commonly used as biological control agents. In order to determine the incidence with which both species attack and eat each other [Intraguild predation (IGP)], the direction and symmetry of the interaction between A. bipunctata and M. pygmaeus were characterized. In addition, whether the intensity of IGP between these two predators increased when the number of extraguild prey Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) decreased, was also determined. Unidirectional sensu stricto IGP between A. bipunctata and M. pygmaeus was recorded: when IGP occurred, A. bipunctata was always the IG predator that killed and ate M. pygmaeus, the IG prey. However, the intensity of IGP was a function of the abundance of the extraguild prey, A. pisum, since IGP increased when the number of extraguild prey decreased. These results are discussed in terms of theoretical models that predict stability and the outcome of using natural enemies to control pests

New plant associations for Monalonion velezangeli (Hemiptera: Miridae) in green urban areas of Bogotá (Colombia)

Monalonion velezangeli Carvalho and Costa (Hemiptera: Miridae) is a polyphagous plant bug recognized as one of the most important pest species of coffee and avocado in rural regions of Colombia. M. velezangeli is reported for the first time in green urban areas in the high Andean city of Bogotá (Colombia). Specimens were collected on eight species of urban trees planted in the city, of which five represent new plant associations for M. velezangeli. The plant species Schinus molle L. (Anacardiaceae) is for the first time reported as new host plant damaged by M. velezangeli under urban conditions

Clima, ciudades y biodiversidad: revisión de producción científica

Instituciones internacionales han resaltado la necesidad de generar conocimiento entorno a la biodiversidad urbana, sus interacciones ecológicas y los efectos del cambio climático, sin embargo, son pocas las ciudades las que lo han hecho. El objetivo de este artículo fue determinar el estado del arte sobre las relaciones clima y biodiversidad urbana a nivel nacional e internacional. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica por Scopus y en las bases de datos de las principales instituciones de Colombia. A nivel internacional se encontraron 725 publicaciones y a nivel nacional 115. Se encontró una tendencia de aumento en el número de publicaciones en los últimos 20 años. A nivel internacional la mayoría de estudios fueron realizados en Europa y el 86 % de las publicaciones se enfocaron en plantas en espacios verdes y bosques urbanos. En Colombia, la mayoría de la información proviene de trabajos de grado y el 45 % se concentraron en la caracterización de especies. Son pocas las publicaciones que han evaluado el impacto del cambio climático en la biodiversidad, especialmente a nivel nacional. Se requiere el desarrollo de una agenda interinstitucional para el estímulo de investigaciones en torno a la biodiversidad urbana y su funcionamiento en escenarios de cambio climático.Bogot