Hipertrigliceridemia como factor de riesgo para severidad en pacientes con pancreatitis aguda en el Hospital Belén de Trujillo

Objetivo: Evaluar si la hipertrigliceridemia es factor de riesgo para severidad en pacientes con pancreatitis aguda en el Hospital Belén de Trujillo. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de tipo analítico, observacional, retrospectivo, de casos y controles en el periodo 2013 a 2016 en el Hospital Belén de Trujillo. Se estudiaron los expedientes de 297 pacientes con pancreatitis aguda, solo 120 cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. De los cuales la población de estudio estuvo constituida por 64 pacientes elegidos aleatoriamente; que fueron divididos en 2 grupos: con pancreatitis aguda severa o leve. Se almacenó la información en Excel y se pasó al programa estadístico SPSS 23.0, procediendo a realizar análisis de frecuencias para las variables cualitativas y medidas de tendencia central y de dispersión para las variables cuantitativas; que luego fueron presentados en cuadros de entrada simple y doble, así como gráficos de relevancia. Resultados: No se apreciaron diferencias significativas respecto a las variables edad, genero, ni hemoconcentración entre los pacientes con pancreatitis aguda leve o severa. La frecuencia de hipertrigliceridemia en pacientes con pancreatitis aguda severa 25%. La frecuencia de hipertrigliceridemia en pacientes con pancreatitis aguda leve fue 6%. La hipertrigliceridemia es factor asociado a pancreatitis aguda severa con un odds ratio de 5 el cual fue significativo (p<0.05). Conclusiones: La hipertrigliceridemia es factor de riesgo para severidad en pacientes con pancreatitis aguda en el Hospital Belén de Trujillo.Objective: To evaluate if hypertriglyceridemia is a risk factor for severity in patients with acute pancreatitis in the Belen Hospital of Trujillo. Material and Methods: An analytical, observational, retrospective, case and control study was conducted during the period 2013 to 2016, Belen Hospital of Trujillo. We studied the records of 297 patients with acute pancreatitis; only 128 met the inclusion criteria. Of which the study population consisted of 64 randomly selected patients; it was divided into 2 groups: severe or mild acute pancreatitis. The information was stored in Excel and transferred to the SPSS 23.0 statistical software, proceeding to perform frequency analysis for the qualitative variables and measures of central tendency and dispersion for the quantitative variables; which were then presented in simple and double entry boxes, as well as relevant graphics Results: There were no significant differences regarding the variables age, gender, origin or hemoconcentration between patients with acute or severe pancreatitis. The frequency of hypertriglyceridemia in patients with severe acute pancreatitis 25%. The frequency of hypertriglyceridemia in patients with mild acute pancreatitis was 6%. Hypertriglyceridemia is a factor associated with severe acute pancreatitis with an odds ratio of 5 which was significant (p <0.05). Conclusions: Hypertriglyceridemia is a risk factor for severity in patients with acute pancreatitis in the Belen Hospital of Trujillo

Nivel de conocimientos y estilos de vida frente a osteoporosis en las personas mayores de 50 años del distrito de la victoria del departamento de lambayeque en el 2015

Objetivo. Cuantificar el nivel de conocimientos y caracterizar el tipo de estilo de vida frente a osteoporosis en las personas mayoresde 50 años del distrito de La Victoria del departamento de Lambayeque en el 2015. Material y Métodos. Estudio descriptivo,transversal y prospectivo; realizado en el distrito de La Victoria del departamento de Lambayeque; se seleccionaron 400 personasde 50 a 79 años mediante un muestreo por conglomerados bietápico, ubicándolos en sus viviendas, durante el periodo de julio asetiembre del 2015. La información sobre el conocimiento y actitudes se obtuvo mediante entrevista personal a partir de unaencuesta validada internacionalmente. El análisis estadístico se realizó con el programa Excel y SPSS v21. Resultados. El 51,50 %de la población tenían un nivel de conocimiento aceptable y el 65,50 % de la población un estilo de vida adecuado con respecto a laosteoporosis. Respecto a nivel de conocimientos el 66,85 % del grupo entre 50-59 años y el 71,17 % con grado de instrucciónsuperior presentaron nivel de conocimiento alto, no existe diferencia estadística según género. Sobre estilo de vida el 91,89 % congrado de instrucción superior presentaron un estilo de vida adecuado, no existió diferencia estadística según género o grupo deedad. Conclusión. La población del estudio presenta un nivel de conocimiento alto, y un estilo de vida adecuado con respecto a laosteoporosis

HIV and Orthopaedics: Musculoskeletal Manifestations and Outcomes

➤Advances in combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) in recent years have transformed HIV infection into a chronic disease when treatment is available, increasing a patient's life expectancy and the chances that orthopaedic surgeons will encounter such patients in their clinical practice.➤Musculoskeletal manifestations in patients with HIV infection are common and sometimes are the initial presentation of the disease. Knowledge about neoplasms and associated conditions affecting muscle, bones, and joints is essential for successful management.➤Since the advent of cART, total joint arthroplasty has been shown to be a safe procedure; however, perioperative infection is still a small risk in patients with uncontrolled viral loads or CD4 counts of <400 cells/mm(3).➤With regard to trauma surgery, the rates of early and late infection around implants, as well as union rates, are comparable with those in the HIV-negative population; however, there is an increased risk of pulmonary, renal, and infectious or septic complications in the polytrauma setting.➤Factors such as CD4 count, nutritional status, cART therapy, viral load count, and other comorbidities (hemophilia, infection among intravenous drug users, etc.) should be considered when treating these patients in order to optimize their clinical outcomes

First record of plastiglomerates, pyroplastics, and plasticrusts in South America

Beaches in the Anthropocene carry the heavy burden of human-derived pollution, like that induced by plastic litter. For decades, plastic debris has been classified based on its source or physical size. In recent years, studies described and documented new forms of plastic formations, including plastiglomerates, plasticrusts, and pyroplastics. However, reports of these newly described formations are substantially lacking. Therefore, in the present study, we reported the first evidence of plasticrusts (plastic encrusting rock surfaces), plastiglomerates (organic/inorganic composite materials in a plastic matrix), and pyroplastics (burned and weathered plastics) in Peru. The plastic pollutants were recovered from the field through marine litter surveys on four beaches where illegal litter burning and campfires take place. All the suspected plastic formations were analyzed and confirmed using Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and one of each type was analyzed by X-Ray fluorescence (EDX) spectrometry. Plastiglomerates consisted of a high-density polyethylene (HDPE) or polypropylene (PP) matrix with rock and sand inclusions. Pyroplastics were found in various stages of weathering and consisted of various polymers, including HDPE, PP, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and polyamide (PA). Interestingly, our field observations suggest a new plasticrust formation pathway based on plastic burning and filling of rock crevices with molten plastic. The latter was identified as either PP or HDPE. Elements typically found in the sand and seawater (e.g., Na, Cl, Ca, Si, Fe) were identified on the surface of the plastic formations, as well as others that could potentially be associated with the leaching of additives (e.g., Ti, Br). Although the present study contributed to the knowledge concerning the occurrence of the new types of plastic formations, as well as possible formation pathways, there are still many questions to answer. Hence, we encourage future studies to focus on the toxicity that new plastic formations may induce in contrast with conventional plastics, the release of secondary contaminants (e.g., microplastics, additives), and their degradation in the environment. Lastly, standardized sampling and data treatment protocols are required

Parasite antigen in serum predicts the presence of viable brain parasites in patients with apparently calcified cysticercosis only

Background. Computed tomography (CT) remains the standard neuroimaging screening exam for neurocysticercosis, and residual brain calcifications are the commonest finding. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is more sensitive than CT but is rarely available in endemic regions. Enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) assay uses antibody detection for diagnosis confirmation; by contrast, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) antigen detection (Ag-ELISA) detects circulating parasite antigen. This study evaluated whether these assays predict undetected viable cysts in patients with only calcified lesions on brain CT. Methods. Serum samples from 39 patients with calcified neurocysticercosis and no viable parasites on CT were processed by Ag-ELISA and EITB. MRI was performed for each patient within 2 months of serologic testing. Conservatively high ELISA and EITB cutoffs were used to predict the finding of viable brain cysts on MRI. Results. Using receiver operating characteristic-optimized cutoffs, 7 patients were Ag-ELISA positive, and 8 had strong antibody reactions on EITB. MRI showed viable brain cysts in 7 (18.0%) patients. Patients with positive Ag-ELISA were more likely to have viable cysts than Ag-ELISA negatives (6/7 vs 1/32; odds ratio, 186 [95% confidence interval, 1-34 470.0], P < .001; sensitivity 85.7%, specificity 96.9%, positive likelihood ratio of 27 to detect viable cysts). Similar but weaker associations were also found between a strong antibody reaction on EITB and undetected viable brain cysts. Conclusions. Antigen detection, and in a lesser degree strong antibody reactions, can predict viable neurocysticercosis. Serological diagnostic methods could identify viable lesions missed by CT in patients with apparently only calcified cysticercosis and could be considered for diagnosis workup and further therapy