A perturbative approach to non-linearities in the information carried by a two layer neural network

We evaluate the mutual information between the input and the output of a two layer network in the case of a noisy and non-linear analogue channel. In the case where the non-linearity is small with respect to the variability in the noise, we derive an exact expression for the contribution to the mutual information given by the non-linear term in first order of perturbation theory. Finally we show how the calculation can be simplified by means of a diagrammatic expansion. Our results suggest that the use of perturbation theories applied to neural systems might give an insight on the contribution of non-linearities to the information transmission and in general to the neuronal dynamics.Comment: Accepted as a preprint of ICTP, Triest

Caspase-independent programmed cell death triggers Ca2PO4 deposition in an in vitro model of nephrocalcinosis

We provide evidence of caspase-independent cell death triggering the calcification process in GDNF-silenced HK-2 cells

Language outcomes at 36 months in prematurely born children is associated with the quality of developmental care in NICUs

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Health-promoting role of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum isolated from fermented foods

Fermentation processes have been used for centuries for food production and preservation. Besides the contribution of fermentation to food quality, recently, scientific interest in the beneficial nature of fermented foods as a reservoir of probiotic candidates is increasing. Fermented food microbes are gaining attention for their health-promoting potential and for being genetically related to human probiotic bacteria. Among them, Lactiplantibacillus (Lpb.) plantarum strains, with a long history in the food industry as starter cultures in the production of a wide variety of fermented foods, are being investigated for their beneficial properties which are similar to those of probiotic strains, and they are also applied in clinical interventions. Food-associated Lpb. plantarum showed a good adaptation and adhesion ability in the gastro-intestinal tract and the potential to affect host health through various beneficial activities, e.g., antimicrobial, antioxidative, antigenotoxic, antiinflammatory and immunomodulatory, in several in vitro and in vivo studies. This review provides an overview of fermented-associated Lpb. plantarum health benefits with evidence from clinical studies. Probiotic criteria that fermented-associated microbes need to fulfil are also reported

Optimization of cutting conditions using an evolutive online procedure

This paper proposes an online evolutive procedure to optimize the Material Removal Rate in a turning process considering a stochastic constraint. The usual industrial approach in finishing operations is to change the tool insert at the end of each machining feature to avoid defective parts. Consequently, all parts are produced at highly conservative conditions (low levels of feed and speed), and therefore, at low productivity. In this work, a framework to estimate the stochastic constraint of tool wear during the production of a batch is proposed. A simulation campaign was carried out to evaluate the performances of the proposed procedure. The results showed that it was possible to improve the Material Removal Rate during the production of the batch and keeping the probability of defective parts under a desired level

Prospective study of a molecular selection profile for RAS wild type colorectal cancer patients receiving irinotecan-cetuximab

Background: The aim of our study was to evaluate whether a panel of biomarkers, prospectively analysed might be able to predict patients' clinical outcome more accurately than RAS status alone. Methods: K-RAS (exons 2, 3, 4) wild type colorectal cancer patients, candidates to second/third-line cetuximab with chemotherapy were prospectively allocated into 2 groups on the basis of their profile: favourable (BRAF and PIK3CA exon 20 wild type, EGFR GCN ≥ 2.6, HER-3 Rajkumar score ≤ 8, IGF-1 immunostaining < 2) or unfavourable (any of the previous markers altered or mutated). After the introduction of N-RAS status (exons 2, 3, 4) only RAS wild type patients were considered eligible. Results: Forty-six patients were enrolled. Seventeen patients (37%) were allocated to the favourable and 29 patients (63%) to the unfavourable profile. RR in the favourable and unfavourable group was 11/17 (65%) and 2/29 (7%) (p = 0.007) respectively. The favourable group also showed an improved PFS (8months vs. 3months, p < 0.0001) and OS (15months vs. 6months, p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Our results suggest that prospective selection of optimal candidates for cetuximab treatment is feasible and may be able to improve clinical outcom