Systemic lupus erythematosus-a good maternal and fetal outcome

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystemic autoimmune disease which primarily affects women in their reproductive years. The fertility is generally unaffected except in women with active disease, significant impairment of renal function, or high dose corticosteroid or cyclophosphamide therapy, which can result in ovarian dysfunction. This case report elaborates on the course of the pregnancy and the favourable maternal and fetal obstetric outcome of a 28-year-old female with known case of hypothyroidism who presented with chief complaints of generalised swelling all over the body and exertional dyspnoea and was later diagnosed to be a case of focal proliferative lupus nephritis, class III (ISN/RPS) on renal biopsy done postpartum. The effect of pregnancy on maternal disease is controversial. While some studies report exacerbation of SLE during pregnancy,others have not reported increased flares. The only study on this aspect of SLE from our country did not report a flare-up of disease during pregnancy

Divergent pattern of genomic variation in Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax

The two main species causing malaria in humans, Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax, differ significantly from each other in their evolutionary response to common drugs, but the reasons for this are not clear. Here we utilized the recently available large-scale genome sequencing data from these parasites and compared the pattern of single nucleotide polymorphisms, which may be related to these differences. We found that there was a five-fold higher preference for AT nucleotides compared to GC nucleotides at synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism sites in P. vivax. The preference for AT nucleotides was also present at non-synonymous sites, which lead to amino acid changes favouring those with codons of higher AT content. The substitution bias was also present at low and moderately conserved amino acid positions, but not at highly conserved positions. No marked bias was found at synonymous and non-synonymous sites in P. falciparum. The difference in the substitution bias between P. falciparum and P. vivax found in the present study may possibly contribute to their divergent evolutionary response to similar drug pressures

Analysis of RCC curved box girder bridges

153-159Analysis of RCC box girder bridge is carried out for three different box girder sections, i.e. single, double and triple cells using finite element technique by linear static method of analysis. Bridge models are studied with the variation of degree of curvature, which is varied from 0° to 60° at an interval of 6°. Load cases considered are dead load and live load conforming to Indian Road Congress (IRC). The variation of bending moment, torsional moment, shear force and deflection is studied which are found to be increased with curvature. It has been estimated that the increased deflection in single, double and triple cell box girder bridges is about 295%, 280% and 245%, respectively, in between 0°(straight) and 60° curved bridges. This study states that the design of curved bridges is not a simple task which needs to be performed with utmost care

Box-Girder Bridges - Modelling and Analysis

The box-girder bridge has become very popular lately due to its serviceability, stability, and structural efficiency. The study of such a bridge requires analytical, experimental, or numerical methods. The structural behavior of the box-girder bridge is very complex and is quite cumbersome to be investigated by conventional methods. This paper presents a modelling process for the analysis of simply supported reinforced concrete (RC) box-girder bridges (straight, skew, curve, and skew-curved) using the finite element method under Indian loading conditions. This modelling process is developed on the basis of the Codal provisions of Indian Road Congress (IRC) 6:2017 and IRC 21:2000, and its implementation is quite simple as it avoids the cumbersome calculations and requires less time. Different values of the span, span-depth ratio, and the number of cells are considered to suit the requirements, and limiting criteria for stresses and deflection are checked. The static and free vibration analyses are carried out, and the results are compared to control the applicability of the proposed modelling process. The present modelling process is applied to analyse the RC box-girder bridges up to 50 m spans, and no erection procedure is included. However, one may follow the proposed modelling procedure for any box-girder bridge for its analysis

Analysis of RCC curved box girder bridges

Analysis of RCC box girder bridge is carried out for three different box girder sections, i.e. single, double and triple cells using finite element technique by linear static method of analysis. Bridge models are studied with the variation of degree of curvature, which is varied from 0° to 60° at an interval of 6°. Load cases considered are dead load and live load conforming to Indian Road Congress (IRC). The variation of bending moment, torsional moment, shear force and deflection is studied which are found to be increased with curvature. It has been estimated that the increased deflection in single, double and triple cell box girder bridges is about 295%, 280% and 245%, respectively, in between 0°(straight) and 60° curved bridges. This study states that the design of curved bridges is not a simple task which needs to be performed with utmost care.

An Upper Lip Swelling: A Case Report, Differential Diagnosis and Review of Literature

Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common tumor of the salivary glands. About 90% of these tumors occur in the parotid gland and 10% in the minor salivary glands. The most common site for pleomorphic adenoma of the minor salivary glands is the palate followed by upper lip. Surgical removal with adequate margins is the principal treatment. Due to its microscopicprojections, this tumor requires a wide resection to avoid recurrence. We report a case of pleomorphic adenoma in the upper lip of an elderly female with emphasis on differentialdiagnosis and relevant review of literature

A Chaotic System and Count Tracking Mechanism-based Dynamic S-Box and Secret Key Generation

In cryptography, Block ciphers use S-Boxes to perform substitution and permutation operations on a data block. S-Boxes provide non-linearity and confusion of bits to the cryptographic algorithms. In addition, secret keys are critical security aspects for encrypting and decrypting messages. The uncertainty and randomness of the secret key and S-boxes used in the algorithm determine the extent of security against any cryptanalysis attack. This paper proposes a new mechanism to dynamically generate a secret key and S-Box each time while sending and receiving the message. These dynamically generated S-Boxes and keys depend on mutually decided security parameters and message transfer history. Furthermore, a new counter-based mechanism is introduced in this paper. These enhancement techniques are applied to the serpent cipher algorithm, and a data transfer simulation is performed to validate the efficacy of the proposed method. We observe that the dynamically generated S-box follows the strict avalanche criteria. We further validate that the encrypted message shows higher sensitivity to the S-box and the secret key in enhanced serpent cipher than the original version. However, to validate our proposed method, we test and analyze the improvements in the Serpent Cipher Algorithm

Quality by Design: A new practice for production of pharmaceutical products

This is the advanced approach for development of pharmaceutical product with full range and specified limits of variables during procurements, storage and manufacturing process with a qualification, at desired level of quality within the limits of low and higher values of variables to ensures  the Pharmaceutical product Quality by design (QbD) of manufacturing a finished product. The Quality by Design is depicted and a portion of its components recognized and process parameters with quality characteristics are identified for every unit activity. Advantages, openings and steps engaged with Quality by Design of Pharmaceutical items are depicted. The point of the pharmaceutical advancement is to plan a quality item and it’s assembling procedure to reliably convey the proposed execution of the item. Quality can't be tried into items however quality ought to be worked in by outline. It incorporates the Quality target item profile, basic quality traits and key parts of Quality by Design. It likewise gives correlation between item quality by end item testing and item quality by Quality by Design. The establishment of Quality by Design is ICH Guidelines. It depends on the ICH Guidelines Q8 for pharmaceutical improvement, Q9 for quality hazard administration, Q10 for pharmaceutical quality frameworks. It moreover gives utilization of Quality by Design in pharmaceutical improvement and assembling of pharmaceuticals. Keywords: Quality by Design, Design Space, Target Product Quality Profile, Critical Quality Attribute

Comparative Evaluation of Two Different Marketed Brands of Enalapril maleate

Efficacy of pharmaceuticals dosage form generally depends on their formulation properties and manufacturing methods, hence it is likely that the quality of dosage form may vary. Renin acts on angiotensinogen to form angiotensin I, which is converted to angiotensin II by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). Angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor increases blood pressure by increasing vasopressin production and aldosterone secretion. Enalaprilat, the active metabolite of enalapril, inhibits ACE, hence decreases levels of angiotensin II resulting in less vasoconstriction and decreased blood pressure. The study was exclusively experimental that used IP and other standard books to check in vitro quality of enalapril maleate tablet using different analytical techniques and procedure. Test for weight variation, hardness, friability, disintegration time, and dissolution were conducted. The dissolution test was performed at pH 6.8 for both the brands of the tablet. Further all the tablets passed weight variation, hardness, friability and disintegration test as per the pharmacopoeial standard. Hence we can conclude that both the brands of tablets are equal and both the brands contain equal quantity of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). Both the brands having higher and lower costs exert similar action. Keywords: Enalapril maleate, In Vitro, Dissolution test, Enalapri