Subjects and clinical parameters (mean ± SD).

<p>Subjects and clinical parameters (mean ± SD).</p

Total adipocyte stores of β-carotene in subjects.

<p>Whole body content of β-carotene stored in adipocytes was determined for each subject as the adipocyte concentration of β-carotene adjusted for total body fat. No statistically significant difference was found between the mean values in the groups using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), p>0.5.</p

Correlation of BMI and insulin-resistance index (HOMA) with adipocyte concentration of β-carotene.

<p>(A) All subjects were included. There is a significant correlation between adipocyte content of β-carotene and BMI of donor subjects: Y = 7.14–0.10X; r2 = 0.10; p = 0.02. (B) All non-diabetic subjects were included. There is no significant correlation between adipocyte content of β-carotene and HOMA of non-diabetic donor subjects.</p

Concentration of TAG and β-carotene in lipid extracts of adipocytes.

<p>The concentrations of TAG (A) and of β-carotene (B) were determined in lipid extracts of isolated adipocytes from subjects that were divided into groups of lean (BMI<23 kg/m²), non-obese (23≤BMI<28 kg/m²), obese (BMI≥28 kg/m²), or obese subjects with type 2 diabetes (as indicated). Lines indicate significant differences between indicated groups (p<0.05).</p

http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-104290 The Concentration of b-Carotene in Human Adipocytes, but Not the Whole-Body Adipocyte Stores, Is Reduced in

We have examined the concentration of b-carotene in the fat of isolated abdominal subcutaneous adipocytes obtained from lean (BMI,23 kg/m 2), non-obese with higher BMI (23#BMI,28 kg/m 2), obese (BMI$28 kg/m 2), and from a group of obese subjects with type 2 diabetes. The concentration of b-carotene was 50 % lower in the adipocytes from the obese and obese/diabetic groups compared with the lean and non-obese groups. Interestingly, the total amount of b-carotene in the adipocyte stores of each subject was constant among all groups. Triacylglycerol constituted 9261 % (by weight) of the adipocyte lipids in the lean group and this was increased to 9962 % in the obese group with diabetes (p,0.05). The concentration of cholesteryl esters was in all cases,0.1 g per 100 g of total lipids, demonstrating that mature human adipocytes have negligible stores of cholesteryl ester. Our findings demonstrate that adipocyte concentrations of b-carotene are reduced in obese subjects. The lower concentrations in adipocytes from subjects with type 2 diabetes apparently reflect subjects obesity. Our finding that whole-body stores of b-carotene in adipocytes are constant raises new questions regarding what function it serves, as well as the mechanisms for maintaining constant levels in the face of varie

The association between maternal body mass index and serial plasma oxytocin levels during labor

Objective: To evaluate the association between maternal body mass index (BMI) and plasma oxytocin (OT) levels at different OT infusion rates in labor. Methods: A prospective observational study analyzing serial plasma samples in laboring women with OT infusion. The women were categorized into three groups, women with non-obesity (BMI 18.5-29.9, n = 12), obesity (BMI 30.0-34.9, n = 13), and morbid obesity (BMI = 35.0, n = 15). Plasma OT was analyzed using tandem mass spectrometry. Results: Except for a low positive correlation between OT levels and BMI and significantly increased plasma OT levels in women with morbid obesity at the OT infusion rate of 3.3 mU/min, no significant differences in OT levels between the BMI groups were found. Further, the inter-individual differences in OT levels were large and no dose-dependent increase of OT levels was seen. Conclusions: Other factors than plasma OT levels may be more likely to determine the clinical response of OT infusion in women with obesity. Perhaps the observed clinical need and individual response would be a better predictor of plasma OT levels than a pre-determined OT infusion rate. The OT dosage guidelines for labor augmentation should be individualized according to clinical response rather than generalized

Has time to chemotherapy from primary debulking surgery in advanced ovarian cancer an impact on survival? : A population-based nationwide SweGCG study

Objective The aim of the study was to investigate if time to start chemotherapy (TTC) after primary debulking surgery (PDS) impacted relative survival (RS) in advanced epithelial ovarian/fallopian tube/primary peritoneal cancer (EOC). Methods Nationwide population-based study of women with EOC FIGO stages IIIC-IV, registered 2008–2018 in the Swedish Quality Register for Gynecologic Cancer, treated with PDS and chemotherapy. TTC was categorized into; ≤21 days, 22-28 days, 29-35 days, 36-42 days and &gt; 42 days. Relative survival (RS) was estimated using the Pohar-Perme estimate of net survival. Multivariable analyses of excess mortality rate ratios (EMRRs) were estimated by Poisson regression models. Results In total, 1694 women were included. The median age was 65.0 years. Older age and no residual disease were more common in TTC &gt;42 days than 0–21 days. The RS at 5-years was 37.9% and did not differ between TTC groups. In the R0 (no residual disease) cohort (n = 806), 2-year RS was higher in TTC ≤21 days (91.6%) and 22-28 days (91.4%) than TTC &gt;42 days (79.1%). TTC &gt;42 days (EMRR 2.33, p = 0.026), FIGO stage IV (EMRR 1.83, p = 0.007) and non-serous histology (EMRR 4.20, p &lt; 0.001) were associated with 2-year worse excess mortality compared to TTC 0–21 days, in the R0 cohort. TTC was associated with 2-year survival in the R0 cohort in FIGO stage IV but not in stage IIIC. TTC was not associated with RS in patients with residual disease. Conclusions For the entire cohort, stage IV, non-serous morphology and residual disease, but not TTC, influenced 5-year relative survival. However, longer TTC was associated with a poorer 2-year survival for those without residual disease after PDS

Long-term incidence of endometrial cancer after endometrial resection and ablation : A population based Swedish gynecologic cancer group (SweGCG) study

Introduction Minimally invasive methods to reduce menorrhagia were introduced in the 1980s and 1990s. Transcervical endometrial resection (TCRE) and endometrial ablation (EA) are two of the most frequently used methods. As none of them can guarantee a complete removal of the endometrium, there are concerns that the remaining endometrium may develop to endometrial cancer (EC) later in life. The primary aim was to analyze the long-term incidence of EC after TCRE and EA in a nationwide population. The secondary aim was to assess the two treatment modalities separately. Material and Methods The Swedish National Patient Registry and National Quality Registry for Gynecological Surgery were used for identification of women who had TCRE or EA performed between 1997-2017. The cohort was followed from the first TCRE or EA until hysterectomy, diagnosis of EC, or death. Follow-up data were retrieved from the National Cancer Registry and the National Death Registry. Expected incidence for EC in Swedish women was calculated using Swedish data retrieved from the NORDCAN project after having taken into account differences of age and follow-up time. Cumulative incidence of EC after TCRE and EA, was calculated. A standardized incidence ratio was calculated based on the expected and observed incidence, stratified by age and year of diagnosis. Results In total, 17 296 women (mean age 45.1 years) underwent TCRE (n = 8626) or EA (n = 8670). Excluded were 3121 who had a hysterectomy for benign causes during follow up. During a median follow-up time of 7.1 years (interquartile range 3.1-13.3 years) the numbers of EC were 25 (0.3%) after TCRE and 2 (0.02%) after EA, respectively. The observed incidence was significantly lower than expected (population-based estimate) after EA but not after TCRE, giving a standardized incidence ratio of 0.13 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.03-0.53) after EA and 1.27 (95% CI 0.86-1.88) after TCRE. Median times to EC were 3.0 and 8.3 years after TCRE and EA, respectively. Conclusions There was a significant reduction of EC after EA, suggesting a protective effect, whereas endometrial resection showed an incidence within the expected rate

Short-Term Overeating Induces Insulin Resistance in Fat Cells in Lean Human Subjects

Insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are closely linked to obesity. Numerous prospective studies have reported on weight gain, insulin resistance, and insulin signaling in experimental animals, but not in humans. We examined insulin signaling in adipocytes from lean volunteers, before and at the end of a 4-wk period of consuming a fast-food, high-calorie diet that led to weight gain. We also examined adipocytes from patients with T2D. During the high-calorie diet, subjects gained 10% body weight and 19% total body fat, but stayed lean (body mass index = 24.3 kg/m2) and developed moderate systemic insulin resistance. Similarly to the situation in T2D subjects, in subjects on the high-calorie diet, the amount of insulin receptors was reduced and phosphorylation of IRS1 at tyrosine and at serine-307 (human sequence, corresponding to murine serine-302) were impaired. The amount of insulin receptor substrate protein-1 (IRS1) and the phosphorylation of IRS1 at serine-312 (human sequence, corresponding to murine serine-307) were unaffected by the diet. Unlike the T2D subjects, in subjects on the high-calorie diet, likely owing to the ongoing weight-gain, phosphorylation of MAP-kinases ERK1/2 became hyperresponsive to insulin. To our knowledge this study is the first to investigate insulin signaling during overeating in humans, and it demonstrates that T2D effects on intracellular insulin signaling already occur after 4 wks of a high-calorie diet and that the effects in humans differ from those in laboratory animals