The Use of Ammoniated Zeolite to Improve Rumen Metabolism in Ruminant

Objective of this research was to study the effects of graded level supplementation of ammoniated zeolite on rumen metabolism parameters. This in vivo experiment was conducted in a 4x4 latine square design (LSD) with 4 treatments in 4 periods, using 4 crossbreed etawa male goats.  The treatments were T1 = basal diet + 0% ammoniated zeolite, T2 = basal diet + 2% ammoniated zeolite, T3 = basal diet + 4% ammoniated zeolite, and T4 = basal diet + 6% ammoniated zeolite.  Level of ammoniated zeolite supplementation is based on dietary dry matter basis. The basal diet consists of 70% Napir grass and 30% concentrate.  Each period of experiment consist of 2 weeks for adjustment, 1 week for preliminary, and 10 days for total collection.  Result of the experiment showed that ammoniated zeolite supplementation significantly increased the total volatile fatty acids concentration and total organic acids concentration in the rumen.  Improved total volatile fatty acids concentration in the rumen could be used as a good indicator for improving rumen metabolism.  However, even the concentrations of ammonia in the rumen tend to increased by ammoniated zeolite supplementation the increasing is still not statistically significant. Ruminal pH measurement in this experiment revealed that the use of ammoniated zeolite not significantly affects the ruminal pH.Key Words:  ruminant, ammoniated zeolite, ruminal ammonia, volatile fatty acids, organic acidsAnimal Production 13(3):138-142 (2011

The Use of Ammoniated Zeolite to Improve Rumen Metabolism in Ruminant

Objective of this research was to study the effects of graded level supplementation of ammoniated zeolite on rumen metabolism parameters. This in vivo experiment was conducted in a 4x4 latine square design (LSD) with 4 treatments in 4 periods, using 4 crossbreed etawa male goats. The treatments were T1 = basal diet + 0% ammoniated zeolite, T2 = basal diet + 2% ammoniated zeolite, T3 = basal diet + 4% ammoniated zeolite, and T4 = basal diet + 6% ammoniated zeolite. Level of ammoniated zeolite supplementation is based on dietary dry matter basis. The basal diet consists of 70% Napir grass and 30% concentrate. Each period of experiment consist of 2 weeks for adjustment, 1 week for preliminary, and 10 days for total collection. Result of the experiment showed that ammoniated zeolite supplementation significantly increased the total volatile fatty acids concentration and total organic acids concentration in the rumen. Improved total volatile fatty acids concentration in the rumen could be used as a good indicator for improving rumen metabolism. However, even the concentrations of ammonia in the rumen tend to increased by ammoniated zeolite supplementation the increasing is still not statistically significant. Ruminal pH measurement in this experiment revealed that the use of ammoniated zeolite not significantly affects the ruminal pH

Bioactive Compounds Isolated From Lignin of Empty Bunch Palm Fiber and Their Effects on in Vitro Rumen Fermentation

The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of bioactive compounds isolated from purified lignin formacell (PLF) of empty bunch palm fiber as natural antimicrobes and their effects on in vitro rumen fermentation. The first experiment was inhibition test of 11 bioactive compounds isolated from PLF, using disc diffusion method against the growth of Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Staphylococcus aureus. Four of the most potential bioactive compounds were then used in the second experiment, which was an in vitro test using fresh rumen liquid of Ongole grade beef cattle, to study their effects on rumen fermentation. Six treatments with 3 replications were applied in a completely randomized block (CRB) design. The treatments were R0= 0.5 g basal diet; R1= R0 + 0.3 mg Rumensin®; R2= R0 + 0.3 mg syringaldehyde; R3= R0 + 0.3 mg p-hydroxybenzoic acid; R4= R0 + 0.3 mg m-hydroxybenzoic acid; and R5= R0 + 0.3 mg oxybenzene. Isolate fraction of CC-2 (syringaldehyde), CC-3 (m-hydroxybenzoic acid), VLC-5 (oxybenzene), and VLC-9 (p-hydroxybenzoic acid) exhibited antimicrobes activity against all tested bacteria. Other isolated fractions exhibited antimicrobes activity only against 1 or 2 tested bacteria. The use of syringaldehyde, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, m-hydroxybenzoic acid, and oxybenzene improved ammonia concentration, microbial protein synthesis, and nutrients digestibility. Bioactive compounds had no effect on rumen pH but reduced total VFA concentration as well as the estimate of methane production

Bioactive Compounds Isolated from Lignin of Empty Bunch Palm Fiber and Their Effects on in Vitro Rumen Fermentation

The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of bioactive compounds isolated from purified lignin formacell (PLF) of empty bunch palm fiber as natural antimicrobes and their effects on in vitro rumen fermentation. The first experiment was inhibition test of 11 bioactive compounds isolated from PLF, using disc diffusion method against the growth of Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Staphylococcus aureus. Four of the most potential bioactive compounds were then used in the second experiment, which was an in vitro test using fresh rumen liquid of Ongole grade beef cattle, to study their effects on rumen fermentation. Six treatments with 3 replications were applied in a completely randomized block (CRB) design. The treatments were R0= 0.5 g basal diet; R1= R0 + 0.3 mg Rumensin®; R2= R0 + 0.3 mg syringaldehyde; R3= R0 + 0.3 mg p-hydroxybenzoic acid; R4= R0 + 0.3 mg m-hydroxybenzoic acid; and R5= R0 + 0.3 mg oxybenzene. Isolate fraction of CC-2 (syringaldehyde), CC-3 (m-hydroxybenzoic acid), VLC-5 (oxybenzene), and VLC-9 (p-hydroxybenzoic acid) exhibited antimicrobes activity against all tested bacteria. Other isolated fractions exhibited antimicrobes activity only against 1 or 2 tested bacteria. The use of syringaldehyde, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, m-hydroxybenzoic acid, and oxybenzene improved ammonia concentration, microbial protein synthesis, and nutrients digestibility. Bioactive compounds had no effect on rumen pH but reduced total VFA concentration as well as the estimate of methane production.Key words: bioactive compounds, natural antimicrobes, rumen fermentatio

PENGARUH BERBAGAI PROPORSI DEDAK GANDUM DALAM FERMENTASI TERHADAP KADAR PROTEIN DAN KECERNAAN SECARA IN VITRO PADA BAGAS TEBU TERAMONIASI [The Effect of Pollard Level in the Fermentation on Crude Protein Content and In Vitro Digestibility of Ammoniated Bagasse]

ABSTRAK Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mempelajari pengaruh proporsi dedak gandum terhadap kualitas fermentasi bagas tebu teramoniasi. Percobaan dilakukan secara in vitro dengan rancangan acak lengkap pada 7 taraf perlakuan dan 3 ulangan untuk masing-masing perlakuan. Perlakuan dedak gandum terhadap fermentasi bagas tebu teramoniasi dilakukan pada 7 taraf perbandingan (bagas tebu : pollard) yaitu : 1:0; 1: ¼; 1:½; 1:¾; 1:1; 1:2; dan 1:3 (b/b). Trichoderma viride digunakan sebagai inokulan dalam fermentasi bagas tebu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proporsi dedak gandum di dalam fermentasi bagas tebu teramoniasi mempengaruhi kadar serat kasar, kadar protein kasar, kecernaan bahan kering, kecernaan bahan organik, dan parameter metabolisme rumen (produksi VFA dan NH3). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbandingan antara bagas tebu dan dedak gandum pada 1 : 1 memberikan kualitas bagas tebu terolah yang terbaik. Kata kunci : bagas tebu, dedak gandum, fermentasi ABSTRACT The objective of this experiment was to study the effect of pollard levels as substrates on the fermentation of ammoniated sugarcane bagasse. This in vitro trial consisted 7 treatments with 3 replications for each treatment, and was conducted in a completely randomized design. The treatments were the proportion of sugarcane bagasse to pollard (sugarcane bagasse: pollard), which consist of: 1:0; 1:0.25; 1:0.50; 1:0.75; 1:1; 1:2; and 1:3. Trichoderma viride was used as innoculant (fiber digester). The results of the experiment revealed that crude protein, in vitro dry matter digestibility, in vitro organic matter digestibility, rumen volatile fatty acid concentration, and rumen N-ammonia concentration were significantly affected by treatments. Keywords : sugarcane bagasse, pollard, fermentatio

Bioactive Compounds Isolated from Lignin of Empty Bunch Palm Fiber and Their Effects on in Vitro Rumen Fermentation

The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of bioactive compounds isolated from purified lignin formacell (PLF) of empty bunch palm fiber as natural antimicrobes and their effects on in vitro rumen fermentation. The first experiment was inhibition test of 11 bioactive compounds isolated from PLF, using disc diffusion method against the growth of Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Staphylococcus aureus. Four of the most potential bioactive compounds were then used in the second experiment, which was an in vitro test using fresh rumen liquid of Ongole grade beef cattle, to study their effects on rumen fermentation. Six treatments with 3 replications were applied in a completely randomized block (CRB) design. The treatments were R0= 0.5 g basal diet; R1= R0 + 0.3 mg Rumensin®; R2= R0 + 0.3 mg syringaldehyde; R3= R0 + 0.3 mg p-hydroxybenzoic acid; R4= R0 + 0.3 mg m-hydroxybenzoic acid; and R5= R0 + 0.3 mg oxybenzene. Isolate fraction of CC-2 (syringaldehyde), CC-3 (m-hydroxybenzoic acid), VLC-5 (oxybenzene), and VLC-9 (p-hydroxybenzoic acid) exhibited antimicrobes activity against all tested bacteria. Other isolated fractions exhibited antimicrobes activity only against 1 or 2 tested bacteria. The use of syringaldehyde, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, m-hydroxybenzoic acid, and oxybenzene improved ammonia concentration, microbial protein synthesis, and nutrients digestibility. Bioactive compounds had no effect on rumen pH but reduced total VFA concentration as well as the estimate of methane production