Prevalence, pattern and etiology of maxillofacial injury in chengalpattu india: a retrospective study

Introduction: Maxillofacial injures are affected by population, social and financial conditions. Increased and up-to-date knowledge about maxillofacial trauma may aid in the implementation of preventive strategies to reduce maxillofacial trauma. Aim: The objective of this research was to evaluate the prevalence, pattern, and etiology of maxillofacial trauma in patients treated at Chengalpattu Medical College and Hospital. Materials and methods: This retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Dental Surgery. Information on age and gender, etiology and mechanisms of trauma and facial bone fractures have been collected and analysed retrospectively to determine the prevalence, pattern and etiology of maxillofacial trauma. Results: This study included a total of 854 maxillofacial trauma patients. 90.3 percent of the overall trauma was attributed to maxillofacial fractures. There is a statistically significant association between gender and the etiology of study subjects with maxillofacial trauma. Fractures of the mandible (42.6 %) were significantly more frequent than malar and maxillary bone fractures (35.7%). Conclusions: It can be concluded that maxillofacial injuries occur mainly as a result of road traffic accidents with male predominance and that there is a significant association between gender and mechanisms of trauma in the prevalence of maxillofacial trauma

Rationale, design, and baseline characteristics in Evaluation of LIXisenatide in Acute Coronary Syndrome, a long-term cardiovascular end point trial of lixisenatide versus placebo

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular (CV) disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Furthermore, patients with T2DM and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) have a particularly high risk of CV events. The glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist, lixisenatide, improves glycemia, but its effects on CV events have not been thoroughly evaluated. METHODS: ELIXA (www.clinicaltrials.gov no. NCT01147250) is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multicenter study of lixisenatide in patients with T2DM and a recent ACS event. The primary aim is to evaluate the effects of lixisenatide on CV morbidity and mortality in a population at high CV risk. The primary efficacy end point is a composite of time to CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for unstable angina. Data are systematically collected for safety outcomes, including hypoglycemia, pancreatitis, and malignancy. RESULTS: Enrollment began in July 2010 and ended in August 2013; 6,068 patients from 49 countries were randomized. Of these, 69% are men and 75% are white; at baseline, the mean ± SD age was 60.3 ± 9.7 years, body mass index was 30.2 ± 5.7 kg/m(2), and duration of T2DM was 9.3 ± 8.2 years. The qualifying ACS was a myocardial infarction in 83% and unstable angina in 17%. The study will continue until the positive adjudication of the protocol-specified number of primary CV events. CONCLUSION: ELIXA will be the first trial to report the safety and efficacy of a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist in people with T2DM and high CV event risk