Indicadors de salut perinatal a Catalunya - 2022

Salut perinatal; Estadístiques; CatalunyaPerinatal care; Statistics; CataloniaSalud perinatal; Estadísticas; CataluñaLes dades que es presenten en aquest document provenen del monitoratge de salut perinatal que es realitza sistemàticament mitjançant el registre de nadons de la Subdirecció General de Vigilància i Resposta a Emergències de Salut Pública de l’Agència de Salut Pública de Catalunya. Aquest registre es nodreix, des del 1993, del Programa de detecció precoç neonatal de metabolopaties congènites.The data presented in this document comes from perinatal health monitoring that is systematically carried out by registering newborns of the Public Health Agency's Emergency Surveillance and Response Subdirectorate for Public Health. This record is nourished, since 1993, from the Early Childbirth Screening Program for Congenital MetabolopathiesLos datos que se presentan en este documento provienen de la monitorización de salud perinatal que se realiza sistemáticamente mediante el registro de bebés de la Subdirección General de Vigilancia y Respuesta a Emergencias de Salud Pública de la Agencia de Salud Pública de Cataluña. Este registro se nutre, desde 1993, del Programa de detección precoz neonatal de metabolopatías congénita

Hamular bursitis as a cause of orofacial pain. A case report

Pterygoid hamular bursitis is an infrequent cause of orofacial pain due to a hypertrophic pterygoid hamulus. The pain is often referred to the pharynx, temporomandibular region and facial zone, and requires a differential diagnosis with other craniofacial entities. This paper describes a patient with pterygoid hamular bursitis that presented pain of neuropathic characteristics in the left retromolar region, associated with odynophagia and temporomandibular joint disorders. Based on the clinical and radiological findings, a surgical resection of the pterygoid hamulus was decided. After the surgical procedure the patient still reported symptoms so additional specific treatments such as peripheral nerve block and infiltration were performed. Four months later, the patient developed a squamous cell carcinoma on the left margin of the tongue, which was surgically treated. At present (thirty months follow-up), the patient has no pain or signs of tumor relapse

La tuberculosi a Catalunya l’any 2018: informe preliminar

Tuberculosi; Estadístiques; CatalunyaTuberculosis; Estadísticas; CataluñaTuberculosis; Statistics; CataloniaEs descriu la situació epidemiològica de la tuberculosi a Catalunya i a les seves regions sanitàries. S’analitzen les característiques sociodemogràfiques, clíniques, bacteriològiques i els factors de risc dels casos enregistrats. Posteriorment, es fa referència a l'evolució de la malaltia durant els últims anys, a continuació es presenten els resultats de l'anàlisi de la conclusió del tractament, en finalitzar el seguiment

Divergent responses to warming of two common co-occurring Mediterranean bryozoans

Climate change threatens the structure and function of marine ecosystems, highlighting the importance of understanding the response of species to changing environmental conditions. However, thermal tolerance determining the vulnerability to warming of many abundant marine species is still poorly understood. In this study, we quantified in the field the effects of a temperature anomaly recorded in the Mediterranean Sea during the summer of 2015 on populations of two common sympatric bryozoans, Myriapora truncata and Pentapora fascialis. Then, we experimentally assessed their thermal tolerances in aquaria as well as different sublethal responses to warming. Differences between species were found in survival patterns in natural populations, P. fascialis showing significantly lower survival rates than M. truncata. The thermotolerance experiments supported field observations: P. fascialis started to show signs of necrosis when the temperature was raised to 25-26 °C and completely died between 28-29 °C, coinciding with the temperature when we observed first signs of necrosis in M. truncata. The results from this study reflect different responses to warming between these two co-occurring species, highlighting the importance of combining multiple approaches to assess the vulnerability of benthic species in a changing climate world

Diferencias entre datos médico-forenses y estadísticas oficiales en la mortalidad por ahogamiento

Mortalidad; Ahogamiento; EstadísticasMortalitat; Ofegament; EstadístiquesMortality; Drowning; StatisticsEl objetivo de este trabajo es comparar la información sobre fallecimientos por ahogamientos publicada en el registro de mortalidad del Departamento de Salud de Cataluña (DS) con los datos registrados por el Instituto de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses de Cataluña (IMLCFC), para el periodo 2015-201

Incidence of Perinatal Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Catalonia: An Observational Study of Protective and Risk Factors

Pregnancy and childbirth have a great impact on women's lives; traumatic perinatal experiences can adversely affect mental health. The present study analyzes the incidence of perinatal post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in Catalonia in 2021 from data obtained from the Registry of Morbidity and Use of Health Resources of Catalonia (MUSSCAT). The incidence of perinatal PTSD (1.87%) was lower than in comparable studies, suggesting underdiagnosis. Poisson regression adjusting for age, income, gestational weeks at delivery, type of delivery, and parity highlighted the influence of sociodemographics, and characteristics of the pregnancy and delivery on the risk of developing perinatal PTSD. These findings underline the need for further research on the risk factors identified and for the early detection and effective management of PTSD in the perinatal setting

Salivary cardiac-enriched FHL2-interacting protein is associated with higher diastolic-to-systolic-blood pressure ratio, sedentary time and center of pressure displacement in healthy 7-9 years old school-children

IntroductionCardiac-enriched FHL2-interacting protein (CEFIP) is a recently identified protein, first found in the z-disc of striated muscles, and related to cardiovascular diseases. Our objectives are: 1) to quantify CEFIP in saliva in healthy 7-9 years old school-children; and 2) to assess the associations of salivary CEFIP concentration and blood pressure, physical (in)activity and physical fitness in these children.MethodsA total of 72 children (7.6 ± 0.3 years) were included in the study, recruited in primary schools in Girona (Spain). A sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used (abx506878; Abbexa, United Kingdom) to quantify CEFIP in saliva. Anthropometric evaluation was performed [body mass, height and body mass index (BMI)]. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured by means of an electronic oscillometer and the diastolic-to-systolic blood pressure ratio (D/S BP ratio) was calculated. Physical (in)activity [sedentary time and time spent in physical activity (PA)] were assessed by means of a triaxial Actigraph GT3X accelerometer (Actigraph, Pensacola, FL, USA) that children were instructed to wear for 24h during 7 conssecutive days. Finally, physical fitness (speed and agility, explosive power of legs, handgrip strength, flexibility and balance) were assessed through validated and standardized testing batteries.ResultsCEFIP was easily detected and measured in all saliva samples (mean concentration: 0.6 ± 0.2 pg/ml). Salivary CEFIP was positively associated with D/S BP ratio (r=0.305, p=0.010) and sedentary time (r=0.317, p=0.012), but negatively associated with PA in 7-9 years old school-children (r=-0.350, p=0.002). Furthermore, salivary CEFIP was related to lower level of balance i.e., higher center of pressure (CoP) displacement in these children (r=0.411, p<0.001). The associations of salivary CEFIP with D/S BP ratio (Beta=0.349, p=0.004), sedentary time (Beta=0.354, p=0.009) and CoP displacement (Beta=0.401, p=0.001), were maintained significant after adjustment for potential confounding variables such as age, gender and BMI in linear regression analyses.ConclusionCEFIP can be easily assessed in saliva as a promising biomarker associated with cardiovascular health in 7-9 years old school-children. Interestingly, higher salivary CEFIP concentration was related to higher D/S BP ratio, more sedentary time and higher CoP displacement i.e., lower level of balance in these children

La tuberculosi a Catalunya l’any 2018

Tuberculosi; Vigilància epidemiològica; Notificació microbiològicaTuberculosis; Vigilancia epidemiológica; Notificación microbiológicaTuberculosis; Epidemiological surveillance; Microbiological notificationIntroducció. L’objectiu d’aquest article és presentar els resultats preliminars de la vigilància epidemiològica de la tuberculosi (TB) a Catalunya l’any 2018 i valorar-ne l’evolució en els darrers anys. Mètodes i resultats. La vigilància epidemiològica de la TB a Catalunya combina sistemes de vigilància passius i actius. L’any 2018 s’han notificat 991 casos de TB (13,0 casos per 100.000 habitants). El 63,4% dels casos són homes i el 36,6%, dones, amb una taxa de 16,8 casos i 9,4 casos per 100.000 habitants, respectivament. La mitjana d’edat dels malalts ha estat de 44,3 anys., El 52,4% dels casos de TB han estat immigrants que han presentat una taxa d’incidència que és quasi 5 vegades superior a la de les persones autòctones (37,6 i 7,6 casos per 100.000 habitants, respectivament). La forma més freqüent de presentació de la TB ha estat la pulmonar, observada en el 67,0% dels casos. El retard diagnòstic dels casos de TB pulmonar de 2018 ha estat superior al mes (mediana de 53 dies) La resistència primària a algun fàrmac antituberculós de primera línia ha estat del 14,4%; a la isoniazida, del 7,7%, i simultàniament a la isoniazida i la rifampicina, del 2,4%. En el 83,8% dels casos de TB pulmonar s’ha realitzat un estudi de contactes. El 88,4% dels casos de TB que van iniciar el tractament l’any 2017 el van finalitzar satisfactòriament. Respecte a l’any 2017, la taxa d’incidència de TB de 2018 ha disminuït un 1,5%. Conclusions. La incidència de la TB a Catalunya l’any 2018 mostra una aturada de la disminució observada de 2008 a 2016. Això posa de manifest la necessitat d’augmentar els esforços per mantenir el compromís polític i tècnic necessari per controlar i eliminar la TB, identificant i tractant els casos d’infecció tuberculosa latent, i, d’aquesta manera, disminuir el reservori de l’agent causal d’aquesta malaltia.Introducción: El objetivo de este artículo es presentar los resultados preliminares de la vigilancia epidemiológica de la tuberculosis (TB) en Cataluña en el año 2018 y valorar su evolución en los últimos años. Métodos y resultados: La vigilancia epidemiológica de la TB en Cataluña combina sistemas de vigilancia pasivos y activos. En el año 2018 se han notificado 991 casos de TB (13,0 casos por 100.000 habitantes). El 63,4% de los casos son hombres y el 36,6%, mujeres, con una tasa de 16,8 casos y 9,4 casos por 100.000 habitantes, respectivamente. La media de edad de los enfermos ha sido de 44,3 años.,. El 52,4% de los casos de TB han sido inmigrantes que han presentado una tasa de incidencia que es casi 5 veces superior a la de las personas autóctonas (37,6 y 7,6 casos por 100.000 habitantes, respectivamente). La TB pulmonar ha sido la forma más frecuente de presentación ( 67,0%). El retraso diagnóstico de los casos de TB pulmonar de 2018 ha sido superior al mes (mediana de 53 días) ). La resistencia primaria a algún fármaco antituberculoso de primera línea ha sido del 14,4%; a la isoniazida, del 7,7%, y simultáneamente a la isoniazida y la rifampicina, del 2,4%. En el 83,8% de los casos de TB pulmonar se ha realizado un estudio de contactos. El 88,4% de los casos de TB que iniciaron el tratamiento el año 2017 lo finalizaron satisfactoriamente. En 2018 la tasa de incidencia ha disminuido un 1,5% respecto al 2017. Conclusiones. La incidencia de la TB en Cataluña el año 2018 muestra una parada de la disminución observada de 2008 a 2016. Esto pone de manifiesto la necesidad de aumentar los esfuerzos para mantener el compromiso político y técnico necesario para controlar y eliminar la TB, identificando y tratando los casos de infección tuberculosa latente, y, de este modo, disminuir el reservorio de esta enfermedad.Introduction. The purpose of this article is to present the preliminary results of the epidemiological surveillance of tuberculosis (TB) in Catalonia in 2018 and to assess its evolution in recent years. Methods and results. The epidemiological surveillance of TB in Catalonia combines passive and active surveillance systems. In 2018, 991 cases were reported (13.0 cases per 105 inhabitants). 63.4% of cases are men and 36.6% are women, with a rate of 16.8 cases and 9.4 cases per 105 inhabitants, respectively. The mean age of the patients is 44.3 years, significantly higher in native people (51.5 years) compared to immigrants (37.8 years). Pediatric cases represent 6.4% of the total, with a rate of 5.4 cases per 105 inhabitants. 52.4% of TB cases are immigrants who have presented an incidence rate that is almost 5 times higher than that of native people (37.6 and 7.6 cases per 105 inhabitants, respectively). The most common form of TB is pulmonary, observed in 67.0% of cases (8.7 cases per 105 inhabitants), of which 42.6% have been smear positive (3.7 cases per 105 inhabitants). Diagnostic delay of TB pulmonary cases in 2018 has been higher than one month (median of 53 days) and has increased significantly to that observed among the cases of 2017 (median of 46 days). The primary resistance to any first-line drugs has been 14.4%; to isoniazid, of 7.7%, and simultaneously to isoniazid and rifampicin, of 2.4%. In 83.8% of pulmonary TB cases, a contact investigation has been conducted; a proportion higher than that of 2017, but which rises to 87.8% in smear positive pulmonary TB cases. 88.4% of TB cases who started treatment in 2017 completed it satisfactorily, a higher proportion in women (92.5%) than in men (85.9%), without significant differences between natives and immigrants. With respect to 2017, the TB incidence rate of 2018 has decreased by 1.5%, due to an 8.4% decrease in natives but an increase of 3.6% in immigrants, while in 2017 the reduction observed with respect to the 2016 rate was 0.8%. Conclusions. Despite significant progress in the control of this disease, TB incidence in Catalonia in 2018 shows a slowdown in the decline observed in recent years. This highlights the need to increase control efforts, maintaining the political and technical commitment needed for TB control and its elimination, identifying and treating cases of latent TB infection and thus decreasing the reservoir of the causative agent of this disease

Modificación de conocimiento sobre salud ambiental en estudiantes de 9º grado

RESUMEN Introducción: como todos los seres vivos, los seres humanos dependen del medio ambiente que los rodea, para satisfacer sus necesidades de salud y supervivencia. Objetivo: implementar un programa de intervención educativo sobre salud ambiental en los estudiantes de 9º grado de la escuela secundaria básica Pedro Véliz Hernández, de Yara correspondiente al curso escolar 2013-2014. Método: estudio experimental de intervención educativa, para modificar conocimientos sobre salud ambiental, en 203 estudiantes de 9º grado de la ESBU Pedro Véliz Hernández, del área de salud del policlínico Luis E. de la Paz, Yara, curso escolar 2013-2014. Se aplicó un cuestionario inicial, que permitió la detección de necesidades de aprendizaje, se diseñó un programa educativo, que estuvo compuesto por cinco encuentros por cada grupo, con tres frecuencias semanales y duración de una hora, se emplearon técnicas participativas que hicieron más entendibles los temas impartidos y se efectuó la evaluación final con el mismo instrumento inicial. Resultados: se alcanzó menos del 80 % de conocimientos correctos en los alumnos, situación que se modificó después de la capacitación, pues se obtuvo más del 90 % de conocimientos acertados en todas las variables evaluadas. Se recomienda la extensión de estos tipos de estudios a otros centros escolares para contribuir a la formación de una cultura ambientalista, en aras de lograr la participación de los estudiantes en los problemas locales y de la comunidad. Conclusiones: el programa educativo resultó efectivo pues logró modificar los conocimientos que sobre la salud ambiental tenían los estudiantes de 9º grado. ABSTRACT Introduction: as all living things, human beings depend on environment surrounds, in order to fulfill his needs of health and survival. Objective: implementing an intervention educational program on environmental health for 9 th graders from Pedro Véliz Hernandez high school, Yara municipality corresponding to the school year 2013-2014. Method: experimental study of educational intervention, to modify knowledge on environmental health, in 203 9 th graders from Pedro Véliz Hernandez high school, from health area, Luis E. de la Paz polyclinic, Yara, school period 2013-2014. It was applied an initial questionnaire, for the detection of learning needs, it was designed an educational program, composed by five meetings for each group with three weekly frequencies, an hour duration, there were used communicative techniques that did understandable the given topics, and a final evaluation employing the same initial instrument took effect . Results: less than 80% of correct knowledge in students was achieved, situation that was modified after receiving the training, it was obtained more than 90 % of knowledge guessed in all evaluated variables. It is recommended the extension of these types of studies to other school centers to contribute to the formation of an environmental culture, to achieve student’s participation in local and community problems. Conclusions: it proved the effectiveness because we could modify knowledge on environmental health 9 th graders had

Caracterización de la vaginosis bacteriana en edad reproductiva en el área de salud de Yara

The present work was developed at the Microbiology laboratory located in Yara's municipality of Granma province, where there were examined signs of vaginal exudations to all of the patients that came to the laboratory with the medical indication of these complementary tests. The universe was made by 440 patients of the health area of Yara, with the objectives to identify the most frequent cause agents of vaginal infections, principally Gardnerella as the cause of bacterial vaginosis. The data for the research were: age of the beginning of sexual relations, conjugal status, use of condoms and residential area. For the analysis of the data there were applied measures of relative frequency (percentage) and they were evidenced through charts for their better understanding.  Our results indicated that the more frequent agents met are Gardnerella vaginalis and Mobiluncus spp, being this one a bacterial vaginosis's indicator, the most affected etharian group was between 14- 19 years.El presente trabajo se desarrolló en el laboratorio de Microbiología ubicado en el municipio de Yara, provincia Granma, donde se analizaron muestras de exudados vaginales a todas las pacientes que acudieron al laboratorio con la indicación médica de este tipo de complementario, el universo estuvo comprendido por 440 pacientes del área de salud de Yara, con los objetivos de identificar a los agentes causales más frecuentes de infecciones vaginales, principalmente Gardnerella, como causa de vaginosis bacteriana. Los datos para el estudio fueron: edad de comienzo de las relaciones sexuales, estado conyugal, uso de preservativo y área residencial. Para el análisis de los datos se aplicaron medidas de frecuencia relativa (porcentual) y se expresan a través de tablas para su mejor comprensión. Nuestros resultados indicaron que los agentes más frecuentes encontrados son Gardnerella vaginalis y Mobiluncus spp, siendo éste un indicador de la vaginosis bacteriana, el grupo etáreo más afectado fue el de 14-19 años