KAJIAN POTENSI FIKOBILIPROTEIN DAN FIKOBILIN DARI SPIRULINA PLATENSIS SEBAGAI KANDIDAT ANTI-SARS-COV-2 BERDASARKAN STUDI MOLECULAR DOCKING

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis potensi fikobiliprotein (C-fikosianin, alofikosianin, C-fikoeritrin) dan fikobilin (fikosianobilin dan fikoeritrobilin) dari Spirulina platensis sebagai anti-SARS-CoV-2, menggunakan simulasi molecular docking. Docking senyawa kandidat dilakukan terhadap reseptor Mpro, RBD, ACE2, dan RdRp dengan nelfinavir, klorokuin, hidroksiklorokuin, dan remdesivir sebagai pembanding. Tahapan penelitian meliputi preparasi protein dan ligan, validasi metode docking, simulasi docking protein-ligan maupun protein-protein, serta visualisasi dan analisis hasil docking menggunakan AutoDock Tools 1.5.6, AutoDock Vina 1.1.2, PyMOL 2.4.1, PRISM, dan BIOVIA Discovery Studio Visualizer 2021. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya interaksi antara fikobiliprotein dan fikobilin dengan keempat protein target yang melibatkan ikatan hidrogen, hidrofobik, elektrostatik, van der Waals, π-sulfur, dan unfavorable. Fikobiliprotein yang memiliki afinitas pengikatan tertinggi dengan Mpro, RBD, ACE2, dan RdRp secara berturut-turut adalah C-fikosianin rantai F, C-fikosianin rantai B, C-fikoeritrin rantai B, dan alofikosianin. Fikobilin yang memiliki afinitas pengikatan tertinggi dengan keempat protein target adalah fikoeritrobilin. Afinitas pengikatan fikoeritrobilin-Mpro lebih tinggi dari klorokuin dan hidroksiklorokuin dengan selisih 2 dan 1,8 kkal/mol. Afinitas pengikatan fikoeritrobilin-RBD lebih tinggi dari klorokuin, hidroksiklorokuin, nelfinavir, dan remdesivir dengan selisih 2,5; 2,6; 1,0; dan 0,4 kkal/mol. Afinitas pengikatan fikoeritrobilin-ACE2 lebih tinggi dari klorokuin, hidroksiklorokuin, dan remdesivir dengan selisih 1,1; 1,2; dan 0,3 kkal/mol. Afinitas pengikatan fikoeritrobilin-RdRp lebih tinggi dari klorokuin, hidroksiklorokuin, dan remdesivir dengan selisih 2,8; 2,7; dan 0,8 kkal/mol. Sisi pengikatan fikobiliprotein bervariasi pada setiap protein target, sedangkan fikobilin memiliki sisi pengikatan yang sama dengan senyawa pembanding. Berdasarkan hasil simulasi, dapat disimpulkan bahwa fikobiliprotein dan fikobilin dari Spirulina platensis berpotensi sebagai kandidat anti-SARS-CoV-2. This study aims to evaluate the potential of phycobiliprotein (C-phycocyanin, allophycocyanin, C-phycoerythrin) and phycobilin (phycocyanobilin, phycoerythrobilin) from Spirulina platensis as anti-SARS-CoV-2, using molecular docking simulation. Docking of candidate compounds with Mpro, RBD, ACE2, and RdRp receptors was performed and comparing their potency toward nelfinavir, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, and remdesivir. The research stages include protein and ligand preparation, docking method validation, docking simulation of protein-ligand and protein-protein, visualization and analysis of docking results using AutoDock Tools 1.5.6, AutoDock Vina 1.1.2, PyMOL 2.4.1, PRISM, and BIOVIA Discovery Studio Visualizer 2021. An interaction among phycobiliprotein and phycobilin with the four target proteins were observed and involving in hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic, electrostatic, van der Waals, π-sulfur, and unfavorable. The order of binding affinity of phycobiliproteins with Mpro, RBD, ACE2, and RdRp were determined to be F-chain C-phycocyanin, B-chain C-phycocyanin, B-chain C-phycoerythrin, and allophycocyanin. Among phycobilin, the phycoerythrobilin showed the highest binding affinity with all target proteins. The binding affinity of phycoerythrobilin-Mpro was higher than those of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine with free energy differences of 2 and 1.8 kcal/mol. The binding affinity of phycoerythrobilin-RBD was higher than chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, nelfinavir, and remdesivir with free energy differences of 2.5; 2.6; 1.0; and 0.4 kcal/mol. The binding affinity of phycoerythrobilin-ACE2 was higher than chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, and remdesivir with free energy differences of 1.1; 1,2; and 0.3 kcal/mol. The binding affinity of phycoerythrobilin-RdRp was higher than chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, and remdesivir with free energy differences of 2.8; 2.7; and 0.8 kcal/mol. The binding site of phycobiliprotein varies with each target protein, while phycobilin was occupied the same binding site as the control compounds. Based on the simulation results, it can be concluded that phycobiliprotein and phycobilin from Spirulina platensis are potential to be used as candidates for anti-SARS-CoV-2

Komunikasi Organisasi, Seperti: Cultural Approach to Organization, Strukturisasi Model Weberian, Critical Theory of Communication

Suatu organisasi tidak akan berjalan tanpa adanya komunikasi. Pada dasarnya, komunikasi digunakan untuk menyampaikan kebutuhan organisasi. Manusia melakukan komunikasi sebagai bentuk penyampaian ilmu dan pengalaman. Komunikasi menjadi instrumen yang sangat berguna untuk menyampaikan atau menerima informasi dan pesan dari dan kepada orang lain. Kelalaian dalam melakukan kegiatan komunikasi dapat memberi dampak buruk yang cukup parah. Komunikasi yang buruk merupakan asal perselisihan dan konflik antar individu atau organisasi. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian pustaka (library research). Data yang diperoleh dari hasil referensi-referensi penulis didapatkan dalam berbagai buku-buku dan jurnal-jurnal yang diolah dan dianalisa berdasarkan hasil referensi yang didapatkan, kemudian dikembangkan dengan imajinasi dari penulis agar dapat menghasilkan sebuah tujuan dari penulisan ini. Dengan mempelajari teori-teori komunikasi seperti cultural approach to organization, strukturisasi model weberian, critical theory of communication kiranya organisasi itu akan dapat berjalan dengan lancar dan lebih efektif, dimana komunikasi yang efektif itu dapat memperlancar komunikasi antara komunikator dan komunikan

INFLUENCE OF NITRATE AND PHOSPHATE ON THE DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF RIPARIAN VEGETATION IN YOGYAKARTA CITY (Pengaruh Nitrat dan Fosfat pada Distribusi dan Kelimpahan Vegetasi Riparian Kota Yogyakarta)

AbstrakCity of Yogyakarta has three major streams, they are Winongo, Code and Gajahwong. These urban stream accept high input of nutrients throughout the year. Nutrients are in form of organic and non organic matters originated from domestic waste, factory waste, and hospital waste. Riparian vegetation directly respond to stream ecosystem changes. This research aim to learn distribution and abundance of riparian vegetation in Winongo, Code, and Gajahwong, number of species presence in each sampling site, physic-chemical parameters including air and soil temperatures, air and soil humidity, soil pH, light intensity, and NO3- and PO43- in water and riparian soil. In each station, samples were taken using 2x0.5 m plot with 10 replications in floodplain. There are three stations in each stream. Data collected was species number and names. Growth-form grass dominated in all stations. In Winongo the grass density are 1582 ind/10m2 (70%), Code 1697 ind/10m2 (81%) and Gajahwong 1432 ind/10m2 (70%). The most abundant grass were Paspalum sp. in Winongo they were 764 ind/10m2 and in Gajahwong 1103 ind/10m2. While Code was dominated by Panicum sp. they were 735 ind/10m2. Grass were quickly respond to high nutrient availability. High concentration of NO3- and PO43- trigger grass domination. Grass were known for their nutrient fixing behavior, therefore when Grass were most abundant, nutrient concentration decreased in each sampling station.AbstractKota Yogyakarta memiliki tiga sungai utama, yaitu sungai Winongo, Code dan Gajahwong. Sungai perkotaan ini membawa nutrien yang tinggi sepanjang tahun. Nutrien berupa bahan organik dan non organik ini berasal dari limbah domestik, limbah pabrik, dan limbah rumah sakit. Vegetasi riparian secara langsung merespon perubahan ekosistem sungai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari sebaran dan kelimpahan vegetasi riparian di sungai Winongo, Code, dan Gajahwong, jumlah keberadaan spesies di setiap lokasi pengambilan sampel, parameter fisika-kimiawi meliputi suhu udara dan tanah, kelembaban udara dan tanah, pH tanah, intensitas cahaya, dan kadar NO3- dan PO43-  di air dan tanah riparian. Di setiap stasiun diambil sampel dengan menggunakan plot 2x0,5 m dengan 10 ulangan di dataran banjir. Ada tiga stasiun di setiap aliran. Data yang dikumpulkan adalah nomor dan nama spesies. Rerumputan berbentuk tumbuh mendominasi di semua stasiun. Di Winongo kerapatan rumput adalah 1582 ind / 10m2 (70%), Code 1697 ind / 10m2 (81%) dan Gajahwong 1432 ind / 10m2 (70%). Rerumputan yang paling melimpah adalah Paspalum sp. di Winongo seluas 764 ind / 10m2 dan di Gajahwong 1103 ind / 10m2. Sedangkan Code didominasi oleh Panicum sp. mereka 735 ind / 10m2. Rerumputan dengan cepat merespon ketersediaan hara yang tinggi. Konsentrasi NO3- dan PO43- yang tinggi memicu dominasi rumput. Rerumputan dikenal karena perilaku pengikat hara, oleh karena itu pada saat rumput paling melimpah, konsentrasi hara menurun di setiap stasiun pengambilan sampel

TOCAP (TOGA EDUCATION PROGRAM) PADA PKK DESA SAPEN KECAMATAN MOJOLABAN KABUPATEN SUKOHARJO

Tingginya penggunaan obat kimia yang selanjutnya berdampak pada masalah kesehatan yang lebih serius harus segera mendapatkan solusi. Kembali pada kebiasaan menggunakan obat yang berasal dari alam dapat menjadi salah satu alternatif solusinya. Terlebih didukung dengan slogan Kabupaten Sukoharjo sebagai Kota Jamu, kegiatan mengonsumsi obat herbal dapat menjadi salah satu kegiatan menjaga kearifan lokal. Dengan demikian, masyarakat perlu kembali diingatkan tentang banyaknya manfaat yang diperoleh ketika mengonsumsi obat herbal. Salah satu bentuk upaya mengingatkan kembali adalah dengan melaksanakan kegiatan proyek kepemimpinan yang berupa kegiatan edukasi tentang tanaman obat keluarga pada PKK Desa Sapen Kecamatan Mojolaban Kabupaten Sukoharjo. Pelaksanaan kegiatan edukasi memiliki tujuan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman dan pengetahuan anggota PKK Desa Sapen tentang jenis dan manfaat tanaman obat keluarga bagi kesehatan. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan dengan cara melakukan edukasi pada anggota PKK, baik secara teori maupun praktik, tentang tanaman obat keluarga. Hasil pelaksanaan kegiatan edukasi adalah pengetahuan dan pemahaman anggota PKK tentang jenis dan manfaat tanaman obat keluarga mengalami peningkatan. Manfaat tanaman obat untuk kesehatan diantaranya dapat berperan sebagai preventif, promotif, kuratif, dan rehabilitatif. Kegiatan ini juga untuk membantu anggota PKK dalam membudidayakan dan memanfaatkan tanaman obat keluarga untuk memenuhi kebutuhan sehari-hari.      Kata kunci: edukasi, tanaman obat keluarga, pemberdayaan kesejahteraan keluarga ABSTRACT The high use of chemical drugs which in turn has an impact on more serious health problems must immediately get a solution. Returning to the habit of using drugs derived from nature can be an alternative solution. Moreover, supported by the slogan of Sukoharjo Regency as the City of Herbs, consuming herbal medicine can be one of the activities to maintain local wisdom. Thus, the community needs to be reminded of the many benefits obtained when consuming herbal medicines. One form of reminder is to carry out leadership project activities in the form of educational activities about family medicinal plants in the PKK Sapen Village, Mojolaban District, Sukoharjo Regency. The implementation of educational activities has the aim of increasing the understanding and knowledge of Sapen Village PKK members about the types and benefits of family medicinal plants for health. This activity is carried out by educating PKK members, both in theory and practice, about family medicinal plants. The results of the implementation of educational activities are the knowledge and understanding of PKK members about the types and benefits of family medicinal plants have increased. The benefits of medicinal plants for health can act as preventive, promotive, curative, and rehabilitative. This activity is also to help PKK members in cultivating and utilizing family medicinal plants to meet their daily needs.     Keywords: education, family medicinal plants, family welfare empowermen

The correlation between consumption levels of isoflavones and fiber sources with HbA1c levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at dr. H. Bob Bazar Hospital in South Lampung

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder disease characterized by an increase in blood glucose levels due to a decrease in insulin secretion. Factors that can affect the patient's blood sugar level are the level of consumption of isoflavones and fiber. The purpose of this research is to determine the correlation between consumption levels of isoflavones and fiber sources with HbA1c levels in patients with type II diabetes mellitus at Dr. H. Bob Bazar Hospital in South Lampung.  This research type is analytic with a cross-sectional approach. The sample in this research amounted to 45 patients with diabetes mellitus at Dr. H. Bob Bazar in South Lampung. The sampling used is purposive sampling. Primary data on the consumption of isoflavones and fiber that have been obtained by interview method with the SQ FFQ questionnaire and examination of HbA1c levels were then analyzed by using the Spearman Rank correlation statistical test. The results showed that there was a correlation between the level of consumption of isoflavone sources of food with HbA1c levels in the patients with type II DM (p-value 0.00) and there was a relationship between the level of consumption of dietary fiber sources with HbA1c levels in patients with type II DM at dr. H. Bob's Bazar (p-value 0.00). . Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder disease characterized by an increase in blood glucose levels due to a decrease in insulin secretion. Factors that can affect the patient's blood sugar level are the level of consumption of isoflavones and fiber. The purpose of this research is to determine the correlation between consumption levels of isoflavones and fiber sources with HbA1c levels in patients with type II diabetes mellitus at Dr. H. Bob Bazar Hospital in South Lampung.  This research type is analytic with a cross-sectional approach. The sample in this research amounted to 45 patients with diabetes mellitus at Dr. H. Bob Bazar in South Lampung. The sampling used is purposive sampling. Primary data on the consumption of isoflavones and fiber that have been obtained by interview method with the SQ FFQ questionnaire and examination of HbA1c levels were then analyzed by using the Spearman Rank correlation statistical test. The results showed that there was a correlation between the level of consumption of isoflavone sources of food with HbA1c levels in the patients with type II DM (p-value 0.00) and there was a relationship between the level of consumption of dietary fiber sources with HbA1c levels in patients with type II DM at dr. H. Bob's Bazar (p-value 0.00).

Penggunaan Media Pembelajaran Policermat (Monopoli Cerdas Cermat) untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPAS di Sekolah Dasar

This study aims to improve IPAS learning outcomes using Smart Monopoly media in class IV students at SDN Ngariboyo 4, Ngariboyo District, Magetan Regency. This type of research is Classroom Action Research. The instruments used were observation sheets and evaluation questions. The data analysis technique is quantitative. The media used is Smart Monopoly. The results showed that students' science learning outcomes had increased. In the pre-cycle, the average student learning outcome is 70, including the moderate category, and the proportion of student learning completeness is 30.76%. In cycle I, the average student learning outcomes and the proportion of student mastery increased to 74.23 and 38.46%. Cycle I did not meet the requirements of the experiment, and improvements were made. In cycle II, the average student learning outcomes were 90.76, included in the very good category, and the proportion of student learning completeness was 92.30% and met the research success criteria

Microalgae as a potential sustainable solution to environment health

Cyanobacteria such as Spirulina platensis secretes numerous biomolecules while consuming CO2 for photosynthesis which can reduce the environmental pollution as it can also be grown in wastewater. These biomolecules can be further processed in numerous pathways such as feed, fuel, pharmaceuticals, and nutraceuticals. This study aims to screen the potential molecular mechanisms of pigments from cyanobacteria as antidiabetic type-2 candidates through molecular docking. The activities of the test compounds were compared to commercial diabetic drugs, such as acarbose, linagliptin and polydatin. The results indicated that the binding affinity of pheophytin, β-carotene, and phycocyanobilin to α-amylase were 0.4, 2, and 2.6 kcal/mol higher than that of acarbose with α-amylase. Binding affinity between pheophytin, β-carotene, and phycocyanobilin with α-glucosidase were found to be comparable, which resulted 1.2, and 1.6 kcal/mol higher than that of acarbose with α-glucosidase. Meanwhile, binding activity of β-carotene and phycocyanobilin with DPP-IV were 0.5 and 0.3 kcal/mol higher than that of linagliptin with DPP-IV, whereas pheophytin, β-carotene, and phycocyanobilin with Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) were 0.2, 1, and 1.4 kcal/mol higher from that of polydatin with G6PD. Moreover, pheophytin, β-carotene and phycocyanobilin were likely to inhibit α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and DPP-IV competitively, while uncompetitively for G6PD. Thus, the integration of molecular docking and experimental approach, such as in vitro and in vivo studies may greatly improve the discovery of true bioactive compounds in cyanobacteria for type 2 diabetes mellitus drugs and treatments. © 2022 Elsevier Lt