A High Order Solution of Three Dimensional TIME Dependent Nonlinear Convective-diffusive Problem Using Modified Variational Iteration Method

In this paper, we have achieved high order solution of a three dimensional nonlinear diffusive-convective problem using modified variational iteration method. The efficiency of this approach has been shown by solving two examples. All computational work has been performed in MATHEMATICA

Transport problems of rapidly developing cities: the case of Bombay

Urban areas present transport planners with some of their most difficult problems. Transport problems in the rapidly growing cities of the Third World are complex and multi-dimensional and the nature of demand and the problems created are discernibly different from those of cities in advanced economies where the principal problem is that of accommodating the private car. It is proving difficult for the existing transport system of many Third World cities to satisfy expanding demand related to increasing population, present transport systems are seriously over-loaded, there is back-log in service improvement and there is a severe shortage of resources for the development of new capital intensive solutions. This results in transport systems that are inadequate in both quantitative and qualitative terms. A root cause of the present problem is the lack of attention over time to spatial planning and the distribution of population and economic activities. Bombay is examined as an illustration of the consequences of such a lack of spatial planning. For historical and geographical reasons, Bombay has grown linearly along a north-south axis.While the urban activities and main centres of employment are concentrated at the extreme southern tip of Bombay Island, Residential colonies have developed northwards in a haphazard way along the transport arteries and result in an amorphous city structure. User perception of the existing services and problems are examined by means of a questionnaire survey. The research suggests that on its own the provision of additional transport will not provide solutions to the city's problems which can be tackled more effectively by greater attention to non-transport solutions - land use planning and influencing the patterns of demand.<p

ANTI-ATHEROSCLEROTIC AND LIPID LOWERING EFFECTS OF CINNAMOMUM VERUM IN CHOLESTEROL-FED RABBITS

Objective: The present study was designed to investigate the antihyperlipidemic and anti-atherosclerotic activity of 70% methanolic crude extract of Cinnamomum verum bark in high cholesterol-fed diet rabbits.Methods: C. verum extract was administered at a dose level of 200 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg (p. o) daily for 120 d to cholesterol-fed rabbits. Lipid profile in serum and histological changes in heart and aorta were investigated. The statistical analysis was carried out by student's ‘t'test.Results: Plant extract showed a significant decrease in the levels of serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids, LDL, VLDL (P ≤ 0.001) in a dose-dependent manner in treated animals. HDL ratio improved overwhelmingly as well as the marked decline was also noticed in the atherogenic index after administration with C. verum extract. Histopathological examinations demonstrated less cholesterol deposits in the aorta and significant increase in lumen size of coronary arteries of high cholesterol diet animals given C. verum compared to the high cholesterol diet animals not given C. verum supplement.Conclusion: The phytochemical analysis of methanol extracts indicated a strong presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, saponins and fatty acids may be responsible for the significant hypolipidaemic as well as antiatherosclerotic activity. Our study exhibited that the methanol extract of C. verum bark is a potent hypolipidaemic agent and decreased cholesterol deposition in the aorta and plaque formation process in the coronary artery of high cholesterol diet animals

ANTI-ATHEROSCLEROTIC ACTIVITY OF ELAEOCARPUS GANITRUS ROXB. IN CHOLESTEROL-FED RABBITS

  Objectives: Atherosclerosis was experimentally induced in New Zealand white male rabbits by cholesterol feeding for 120 days for investigating effects of 70% ethanolic Elaeocarpus ganitrus seed extract (EEGS) against atherosclerosis.Methods: Anti-atherosclerotic activity of E. ganitrus extract was evaluated at a dose level of 250 and 500 mg/kg of body weight (p.o). On 121st day, the animals were sacrificed to collect the aorta for determining tissue lipid profile, antioxidant parameters, and histopathological changes. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's multiple comparison test was used for the statistical analysis.Results: Aorta of cholesterol-fed rabbits for 120 days showed marked elevation in total cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids. EEGS extract treatment significantly (p≤0.01, ≤0.001) corrected disturbed lipid profile in cholesterol-fed rabbits in a dose-dependent manner during the 60 days of the treatment period. A significant reduction in lipid peroxidation and a considerable raise in glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase levels (p≤0.01, ≤0.001) were accompanied by post-treatment with EEGS extract to cholesterol-fed rabbits. The histopathological modifications such as accumulation of foam cells, atheromatous plaque formation, and lumen size reduction supported the successful induction of atherosclerosis in rabbits. The treated rabbits showed significant protective effect by lowering the deposition of cholesterol and increasing the lumen size compared to cholesterol-fed group.Conclusions: Phytoconstituents such as alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, triterpenoids, and carbohydrates in the ethanolic extract may be attributed to effective anti-atherosclerotic and antioxidant activity of plant extract. Our study exhibited that EEGS extract could be a potent herbal therapeutic agent for the treatment of atherosclerosis and hypercholesterolemia-related diseases

Mathematical modelling and computer simulation of temperature distribution in inhomogeneous composite systems with imperfect interface

Many studies have been done previously on temperature distribution in inhomogeneous composite systems with perfect interface, having no discontinuities along it. In this paper we have determined steady state temperature distribution in two inhomogeneous composite systems with imperfect interface, having discontinuities in temperature and heat flux using decomposed immersed interface method and performed the numerical simulation on MATLAB

Can manufacturing change India's demographic destiny?

Despite India's substantial youth population, little concerted effort has been made by the government to ensure their accommodation in India's labour market. Manufacturing could help partially address this, write Shubhranka Mondal and Pratibha Joshi

Integrated Framework for Inclusive Town Planning Using Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Method for a Semi Urban Town

Planning is a continuous process and must incorporate a regular evaluation of implementation and further revision for effective and efficient utility for the betterment of society through modification of the planning standards. Development plans for cities / towns are criticized for being rigid and static, having little regard for investment planning efforts, and taking a very long time in the process of formulation and approval. In depth analysis and review of the existing situation, covering the demographic, economic, financial, infrastructure, physical, environmental, and institutional aspects, is important so as to identify the strengths and weaknesses in the city overall development. In the present study, an attempt has been made to thoroughly review the existing planning standards adopted for the preparation and implementation of development plans in India, especially in Maharashtra. Since the development plan's objectives are not measurable, this study will use the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to assess their level of performance. For the purpose of identifying the various viewpoints of various stakeholders, field surveys and questionnaire surveys were conducted. This application can be used as an objective evaluation tool for planners and policy makers to improve planning practices and provide necessary knowledge for revising plans. The results indicated the importance of criteria from the pre-planning, preparation, and implementation stages of DP. These results were used for two semi-urban towns in Maharashtra regions and could also be used by planning engineers for further development of planning standards. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-12-07 Full Text: PD

Management of immature teeth by dentin-pulp regeneration : a recent approach

Treatment of the young permanent tooth with a necrotic root canal system and an incompletely developed root is very difficult and challenging. Few acceptable results have been achieved through apexification but use of long-term calcium hydroxide might alter the mechanical properties of dentin. Thus, one alternative approach is to develop and restore a functional pulp-dentin complex. Procedures attempting to preserve the potentially remaining dental pulp stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells of the apical papilla can result in canal revascularization and the completion of root maturation. There are several advantages of promoting apexogenesis in immature teeth with open apices. It encourages a longer and thicker root to develop thus decreasing the propensity of long term root fracture. So, the present article reviews the recent approach of regeneration of pulp-dentin complex in immature permanent teeth. © Medicina Oral S. L