Kajian pustaka toksisitas tanaman nanas (Ananas comosus [L.] Merr)

Pineapple plants are used ethnomedicinally in various countries, especially in Indonesia. Several studies have shown that pineapple plants have pharmacological effects both in vitro and in vivo on various diseases. Ananas Plant has the potential to be cultivated as medicine products. The toxicity of Ananas comosus (L) Merr important to acknowledge. This literature review aims to provide comprehensive information through a literature review regarding the toxicity of pineapple (Ananas comosus [L.] Merr). The literature review was collected in the period 2010 to 2021 which was obtained from the Google Scholar and Pubmed databases with a total of 9544 and a study was carried out on 10 works of literature. Based on the results of 10 literatures that have met the inclusion criteria, it shows that the in vitro toxicity test on pineapple (Ananas comosus [L.] Merr) has an LC50 of 403.83 to 9000 ppm which belongs to the category of practically non-toxic to moderately toxic. In vivo toxicity test showed that LD50 > 5000 mg/kgBW showed no deaths which were classified as practically non-toxic. From the results of literature research, it can be said that toxic plants (Ananas comosus [L.] Merr) have a toxicity category of practically non-toxic to moderately toxic in vitro studies. The results of the in vivo test showed that there were no deaths in the test animals which were in the category of practically non-toxic to mildly toxic

Pediculicidal Activity of Cem-ceman White Cempaka Flower (Michelia alba DC.) against Pediculus humanus capitis

The prevalence of pediculosis reported in Asia has ranged from 0.7% to 59%. High resistance and side effects is a challenge in using the pediculicidal agents. The widely use and empirical as well as scientific studies of traditional plants for anti-lice were already done, one of them is cempaka. The aim of this study was to determine the pediculicidal activity of cem-ceman white cempaka flower (Michelia alba DC.) on Pediculus humanus capitis in vitro. The white cempaka flowers made into cem-ceman preparations by mixing and soaking in coconut oil until 3 days. Pediculisidal activity was tested by filter paper diffusion test method with 3 replications. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis followed by post hoc Mann-Whitney Method test with software SPSS v.16. The phytochemical screening showed that sample contains alkaloid, tannin, saponin, and triterpenoid. Pediculidal activity test showed that cem-ceman white cempaka flower has pediculicidal effect in 10% concentration (w/v) with 66.67% mortality and 15% concentration (w/v) with 77.33% mortality. In conclusion cem-ceman white cempaka flowers has pediculicidal activity at concentration 10% and 15% but lower than permethrin 1%  (p<0.05)

COMPARING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ASSAY FORMULATION FROM VARIOUS TRADITIONAL PLANTS AS PEDICULICIDE AGAINST Pediculus humanus capitis

Pediculosis capitis is an infection with a fairly high incidence in children. Plants that contain eugenol, as frangipani (Michelia champaca L.), ceylon ironwood (Mesua ferrea L.), cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii), and sugar apple (Annona squamosa L.) have potential as an alternative pediculicide. This study aimed to compare the effect of traditional formulation of each plant with in vitro assay. The effectiveness of in vitro pediculicide was assessed from the post- immersion mortality time of the traditional formulation, permethrin 1% as the positive control and coconut oil as the negative control. The mechanism was observed using histopathological observation. The percentage of mortality time of lice was analyzed using One-Way ANOVA of SPSS 16. Histopathological aspects and infestation decrease were presented descriptively. This study took place for about 3 months and was conducted in Mataram University, West Nusa Tenggara. The results showed that frangipani leaves had the optimum pediculicide effect because the highest efficacy demonstrated by frangipani leaves formulation revealed the effect lower than permethrin 1% (LT: 350 minutes). In observation of histopathology, frangipani leaves formulation indicated the presence of anoxia similar to permethrin 1%

IMPLEMENTASI GASING (GERAKAN ANTI STUNTING) MELALUI PHBS DAN PEMERIKSAAN CACING

Infeksi cacing tularan tanah disertai ketidakseimbangan asupan gizi berkontribusi pada angka prevalensi stunting 37,2%. Program pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk mengimplementasikan indikator PHBS dalam pencegahan stunting melalui penyuluhan, demonstrasi, dan pemeriksaan. Sasaran program mampu mendemonstrasikan CTPS 5 Langkah sebagai salah satu indikator PHBS. Peningkatan skor pengetahuan (nilai 3 ke 7) diperoleh melalui pre-post test. Status gizi pendek diperoleh pada 3.03% berdasarkan indeks TB/U. Hasil pemeriksaan telur cacing pada feses 18 siswa negatif. Kegiatan pengabdian mampu meningkatkan pengetahuan jangka pendek sasaran dalam implementasi PHBS terkait penanganan stunting

ANTI-DIARRHEAL ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF NAGASARI FLOWERS (Mesua ferrea L.) IN BALB/c MICE INDUCED BY Escherichia coli

Nagasari (Mesua ferrea L.) is empirically used for curing diarrhea in Nusa Tenggara Barat Province. However, the safety and efficacy of nagasari have not been scientifically validated in animal model. This study evaluates the activity of nagasari flowers aqueous extract in BALB/c mice induced by Escherichia coli to determine the most effective dosage for anti-diarrheal effect. The aqueous extract of nagasari flowers ((0.4% (w/v), 0.8% (w/v), and 1.6% (w/v)) was given to 3 groups of mice whereas negative and positive control groups received aquadestilate and ciprofloxacin 130 mg/kgBW respectively orally once per day for 3 days. The frequency and consistency of feces were observed then the total colony of E. coli in feces was calculated using colony counter. Aqueous extract of nagasari flowers at concentration of 1.6% showed significant inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli compared to positive controls (diarrhea index of 0.425; p0.05 and total colony of E. coli in feces of 100.2; p0.05). This study provides scientific support for the traditional use of aqueous extract of nagasari flowers for the treatment of diarrheal diseases

Efek Antidiare Ekstrak Air Bunga Nagasari (Mesua Ferrea L.) Terhadap Mencit BALB/c yang Diinduksi Minyak Jarak

Nagasari (Mesua ferrea L.) has a empirically repute for management of diarrhea in West Nusa Tenggara Province. However, the safety and efficacy of the nagasari flowers extract have not been scientifically validated in animal model. This study wasaimed to investigate the antidiarrheal effect of water extract of the nagasari flowers in BALB/c mice. The antidiarrhea activity of nagasari flowerswas investigated using castor oil-induced diarrhea increase in diarrhea index in mice.In castor oil-induced diarrhea test, mice received various consentrations of nagasari flowers extract (0,4% w/v; 0,8% w/v; and 1,6% w/v), where as negative controls received CMC-Na 1% and positive controls received loperamide 0,7 mg/kgBW orally once daily for 1 day and the mice droppings were observed. The phytochemical screening of nagasari flowers contain flavonoid, saponin, and phenolic. Water extract of nagasari flowers at concentration 1,6% showed significant inhibitory activity against castor oil-induced diarrhea when compared with positive controls (diarrhea index 0,083 ; p&gt;0,05). Therefore, this study provides a scientific support for the acclaimed traditional use water extract of Mesua ferrea L. for the treatment of diarrheal diseases.Nagasari (Mesua ferrea L.) secara empiris digunakan sebagai penanganan diare di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat. Namun, keamanan dan kemanjuran dari ekstrak bunga nagasari belum divalidasi secara ilmiah dalam model hewan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek antidiare ekstrak air bunga nagasari pada mencit BALB/c. Aktivitas antidiare bunga nagasari diteliti dengan menggunakan minyak jarak sebagai penginduksi diare yang meningkatkan indeks diare pada mencit. Pada pengujian diare menggunakan penginduksi minyak jarak, mencit menerima variasi konsentrasi ekstrak bunga nagasari (0,4% b/v; 0,8% b/v; and 1,6% b/v),sedangkan kontrol negatif menerima CMC-Na 1% dan kontrol positif menerima loperamide 0,7 mg/kgBB per oral satu kali sehari selama satu hari dan feses mencit diamati. Skrining fitokimia bunga nagasari mengandung flavonoid, saponin, dan fenolik. Ekstrak air bunga nagasari pada konsentrasi 1,6% menunjukkan aktivitas penghambatan diare yang signifikan terhadap diare yang diinduksi minyak jarak jika dibandingkan dengan kontrol positif (indeks diare 0,083 ; p&gt;0,05). Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini memberikan dukungan ilmiah untuk penggunaan tradisional ekstrak air bunga nagasari untuk penanganan diare

Uji validitas dan reliabilitas instrumen kuesioner gambaran penggunaan obat nyeri haid secara mandiri pada mahasiswi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Mataram

Self-medication often becomes a choice for various complaints, one of which is menstrual pain. Regarding the description of the use of menstrual pain medication independently, it is still limited. The use of a questionnaire as a research instrument that has been tested for validity and reliability is very necessary. Therefore, this study aims to develop and test the validity and reliability of the description of the independent use of menstrual pain medication in female students. This research is a descriptive survey type with a cross-sectional design. The validity test was carried out using a qualitative and quantitative professional assessment method, namely by using the Content Validity Ratio (CVR). An advance validity test was conducted by 5 experts and 40 respondents. The reliability test was carried out with 40 respondents and used the Chronbach Alpha value. The results of the validity test obtained 28 questions with a CVR value of 1. Facial validity was declared valid after one repair. The reliability of the test obtained Cronbach's Alpha coefficient value of 0.934. Based on the validity and reliability test of the questionnaire, it was declared valid and reliable so that all questions could be used as an instrument to find out the description of the use of menstrual pain medication independently

Penulisan Kajian Literatur: Solusi Riset Di Masa Pandemi

COVID-19 pandemic condition presents obstacles for lecturers and students of the Pharmacy Study Program in all aspects of life, including the educational aspect. One of the obstacles faced is the limitations of lecturers and students of Pharmacy in conducting field and laboratory research, so that it can have an impact on delays in the implementation of the tridharma. Literature review can be an option in overcoming these obstacles. This community service aims to improve targeting capabilities and design a literature review study as an alternative research solution during a pandemic. The method used in this activity is in the form of delivering material and guided discussions through webinars with the zoom meeting platform and YouTube Livestreaming on the Pharmacy account of the University of Mataram. The webinar is divided into 2 sessions, namely a material presentation session and a clinical session for writing scientific articles with experts. A total of 77 participants attended the activity consisting of lecturers from health groups and pharmacy students. The enthusiasm of the participants was quite high as evidenced by a number of questions submitted in the discussion session. Participants' responses to the activities ranged from 4.2 to 4.7 which indicated that the event was going well with an assessment using a Likert scale from 1 to 5. The components of the assessment included time suitability, material suitability, participants' understanding of the material, moderator behavior, benefits of the event for participants and participant's opinion on the event. The ability of community service participants increases in designing literature studies through the output of articles that will be submitted in reputable journals

Tingkat Pengetahuan Mahasiswa Tahun Pertama Bersama (TPB) tentang Penggunaan Antibiotik dalam Swamedikasi

Prevalensi penggunaan antibiotik dalam swamedikasi cukup tinggi di berbagai kalangan tak terkecuali mahasiswa. Penggunaan antibiotik dalam swamedikasi dapat meningkatkan resistensi antibiotik dan efek samping. Tingkat pengetahuan berpengaruh pada penggunaan  antibiotik dalam swamedikasi yang tepat dan bijak. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menggambarkan tingkat pengetahuan mahasiswa tentang penggunaan antibiotik dalam swamedikasi. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Maret-Juli 2018 di Unit Pelaksana Tahun Pertama Bersama Universitas Mataram menggunakan desain potong lintang. Sejumlah 400 sampel dipilih secara acak. Data karakteristik demografi dan tingkat pengetahuan diperoleh dari kuesioner yang sudah tervalidasi, kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif. Dari 421 mahasiswal, 379 pernah menggunakan antibiotik yang terdiri dari  119 laki-laki dan 260 perempuan  dengan rata-rata usia 17-18 tahun.  Latar belakang mahasiswa sebagian besar berasal dari SMA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingkat pengetahuan mahasiswa tergolong  tinggi (5,4%), sedang (63,1%), dan rendah (31,4%). Pengetahuan terkait kondisi dan dampak penggunaan antibiotik yang tidak tepat perlu diperbaiki. Tingkat pengetahuan responden tergolong sedang sehingga diperlukan peningkatan pemahaman penggunaan antibiotik yang tepat dan bijak

PENINGKATAN KUALITAS HIDUP PASIEN DIABETES MELLITUS MELALUI PENDEKATAN NUTRISI DAN PENGOBATAN ALTERNATIF KOMPLEMENTER

Berdasarkan data International Diabetes Federation (IDF) 2014, diperkirakan 9.1 juta orang terdiagnosa diabetes mellitus. Jumlah pasien diabetes mellitus di NTB sebanyak 28825 jiwa pada tahun 2013. Terapi nutrisi dan pengobatan alternatif komplementer telah diketahui dapat meningkatkan kualitas hidup pasien. Program ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan kelompok asuhan lansia Nurul Islam terkait penatalaksanaan diabetes mellitus menggunakan pendekatan nutrisi dan pengobatan alternatif komplementer. Program terdiri atas penyuluhan, pengukuran data antropometri dan gula darah sewaktu. Sasaran program menunjukkan antusiasme yang tinggi mengenai penatalaksanaan diabetes mellitus menggunakan suplementasi nutrisi dan pengobatan komplementer. IMT sasaran berturut-turut 5,97; 34,32; 37,31; 35,82 % untuk status gizi kurang, ideal, lebih dan gemuk. Kadar gula darah sewaktu di atas 200 mg/dL untuk 70,15 % peserta. Program Pengabdian Masyarakat telah meningkatkan antusias dan rasa ingin tahu sasaran PPM. IMT dan gula darah sasaran masih belum terkontrol