Simulasi Pengendalian Kualitas Pengaruh Deformasi Material Condenser Tube Terhadap Proses Tube Expanding Waterbox Condenser (Studi Kasus Di PT. BBI Pasuruan)

Leakage tube after tube expanding process is still occurred in PT. BBI Pasuruan due to imperfect material deformation. Material deformation cause by a change in material form due to external forces such as temperature, friction force, compressive force, and the torque style. Deform 3D was used in this investigation to determine the material deformation processes. Taguchi method design of experiment was also used to minimize the bad cause of the poor performance is also influenced by several variables or factors on the characteristics of the desired quality. The results shows that the combination to prevent deformation of the material in the condenser tube are the friction between the tool and the tube expander of 0.787 inch, the material used is stainless steel ASTM A 249 grade 2, tube expanding process temperature optimum of 89.6 F, and expander velocity of 0.708 inches per second

Peternakan Udang Hias Air Tawar Neocaridinas dengan Metode Alami

As the development of the modern era, the beauty has a benefits for a healthy quality of life. The beauty is able to bring a sense of excitement, relaxation, and harmony in someone\u27s feelings. The phenomenon of public awareness about the importance of beauty is a big opportunity in the business, one of them is the ornamental aquarium containing shrimp which is a exclusive product of the room decoration to get profit, as well as a pioneer hobby, ornamental shrimp supplier for the hobbyists and stores. Through this ornamental shrimp farms, is expected to have a positive impact for traders shrimp or fish store that sells ornamental shrimp, is expected to reduce postage or transportation cost. Implementation through some process / method that structuring the location and design of the farm, where the second stage is the monitoring of water parameters and breed shrimp with natural methods because basically shrimp just need water parameters like their habitat to breed that is on the water with a ph range between 5 , 5-7.5, the third stage is the harvest. After the harvest is in the 4th month of the program, expected that shrimp are ready for sale. The Expectation outcomes are a product can be produced in the form of ornamental shrimp with good quality (brightly colored and bright as or better than the parent) and in the presence of ornamental shrimp farm business, the welfare of the members of the group can attempt to earn a profit, the future may be new jobs and can be ornamental shrimp supplier for resellers, shops, and hobbyists

Global age-sex-specific mortality, life expectancy, and population estimates in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1950–2021, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Background: Estimates of demographic metrics are crucial to assess levels and trends of population health outcomes. The profound impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on populations worldwide has underscored the need for timely estimates to understand this unprecedented event within the context of long-term population health trends. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 provides new demographic estimates for 204 countries and territories and 811 additional subnational locations from 1950 to 2021, with a particular emphasis on changes in mortality and life expectancy that occurred during the 2020–21 COVID-19 pandemic period. Methods: 22 223 data sources from vital registration, sample registration, surveys, censuses, and other sources were used to estimate mortality, with a subset of these sources used exclusively to estimate excess mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic. 2026 data sources were used for population estimation. Additional sources were used to estimate migration; the effects of the HIV epidemic; and demographic discontinuities due to conflicts, famines, natural disasters, and pandemics, which are used as inputs for estimating mortality and population. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression (ST-GPR) was used to generate under-5 mortality rates, which synthesised 30 763 location-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 1365 surveys and censuses, and 80 other sources. ST-GPR was also used to estimate adult mortality (between ages 15 and 59 years) based on information from 31 642 location-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 355 surveys and censuses, and 24 other sources. Estimates of child and adult mortality rates were then used to generate life tables with a relational model life table system. For countries with large HIV epidemics, life tables were adjusted using independent estimates of HIV-specific mortality generated via an epidemiological analysis of HIV prevalence surveys, antenatal clinic serosurveillance, and other data sources. Excess mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021 was determined by subtracting observed all-cause mortality (adjusted for late registration and mortality anomalies) from the mortality expected in the absence of the pandemic. Expected mortality was calculated based on historical trends using an ensemble of models. In location-years where all-cause mortality data were unavailable, we estimated excess mortality rates using a regression model with covariates pertaining to the pandemic. Population size was computed using a Bayesian hierarchical cohort component model. Life expectancy was calculated using age-specific mortality rates and standard demographic methods. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were calculated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered values from a 1000-draw posterior distribution. Findings: Global all-cause mortality followed two distinct patterns over the study period: age-standardised mortality rates declined between 1950 and 2019 (a 62·8% [95% UI 60·5–65·1] decline), and increased during the COVID-19 pandemic period (2020–21; 5·1% [0·9–9·6] increase). In contrast with the overall reverse in mortality trends during the pandemic period, child mortality continued to decline, with 4·66 million (3·98–5·50) global deaths in children younger than 5 years in 2021 compared with 5·21 million (4·50–6·01) in 2019. An estimated 131 million (126–137) people died globally from all causes in 2020 and 2021 combined, of which 15·9 million (14·7–17·2) were due to the COVID-19 pandemic (measured by excess mortality, which includes deaths directly due to SARS-CoV-2 infection and those indirectly due to other social, economic, or behavioural changes associated with the pandemic). Excess mortality rates exceeded 150 deaths per 100 000 population during at least one year of the pandemic in 80 countries and territories, whereas 20 nations had a negative excess mortality rate in 2020 or 2021, indicating that all-cause mortality in these countries was lower during the pandemic than expected based on historical trends. Between 1950 and 2021, global life expectancy at birth increased by 22·7 years (20·8–24·8), from 49·0 years (46·7–51·3) to 71·7 years (70·9–72·5). Global life expectancy at birth declined by 1·6 years (1·0–2·2) between 2019 and 2021, reversing historical trends. An increase in life expectancy was only observed in 32 (15·7%) of 204 countries and territories between 2019 and 2021. The global population reached 7·89 billion (7·67–8·13) people in 2021, by which time 56 of 204 countries and territories had peaked and subsequently populations have declined. The largest proportion of population growth between 2020 and 2021 was in sub-Saharan Africa (39·5% [28·4–52·7]) and south Asia (26·3% [9·0–44·7]). From 2000 to 2021, the ratio of the population aged 65 years and older to the population aged younger than 15 years increased in 188 (92·2%) of 204 nations. Interpretation: Global adult mortality rates markedly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021, reversing past decreasing trends, while child mortality rates continued to decline, albeit more slowly than in earlier years. Although COVID-19 had a substantial impact on many demographic indicators during the first 2 years of the pandemic, overall global health progress over the 72 years evaluated has been profound, with considerable improvements in mortality and life expectancy. Additionally, we observed a deceleration of global population growth since 2017, despite steady or increasing growth in lower-income countries, combined with a continued global shift of population age structures towards older ages. These demographic changes will likely present future challenges to health systems, economies, and societies. The comprehensive demographic estimates reported here will enable researchers, policy makers, health practitioners, and other key stakeholders to better understand and address the profound changes that have occurred in the global health landscape following the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic, and longer-term trends beyond the pandemic

Konfigurasi Inter-vlan pada Cisco Berbasis Graphics User Interface (Gui) sebagai Pembelajaran Peralatan Jaringan Komputer Cisco

Computer network using LAN has limitations in terms of the large number of computers that will be connected to the switch equipment. This limitation can be overcome by connecting the LAN between each other using a router. Networks inter LAN still pose a problem in terms of safety, although the amount can be overcome. To overcome the problem requires a LAN in a small group that is often known as Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN). VLAN can be connected as is often done on the LAN in general with the addition of some equipment that is able to be used as the connecting or known by the name of inter-VLAN. inter-VLAN configuration can be done directly and indirectly. the configuration directly by configuring the network equipment such as switches and routers, while the indirect configuration can be done using packet tracer. In doing inter-VLAN configuration requires a command performed by an administrator. Commands that is configured on the network equipment is a command that is still a command line or a particular script. For people who have not worked as a network administrator needed a software Graphics User Interface (GUI) for ease in studying network administration. Software Graphics User Interface (GUI) can facilitate a person who has worked as an administrator to configure inter-VLAN

Pengembangan Model Desain Pelatihan Keterampilan Guru dalam Mengembangkan Soft Skill Peserta Didik SMK Bidang Keahlian Multimedia

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan sebuah model desain pelatihan keterampilan guru SMK dalam mengembangkan soft skill peserta didik bidang keahlian multimedia yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan industri. Data penelitian dikumpulkan dari beberapa partisipan, di antaranya peserta didik jurusan multimedia SMK Negeri 40 Jakarta, guru, kepala jurusan, dan industri multimedia yang menjadi mitra sekolah. Model pengembangan yang digunakan adalah ADDIE yang dimodifikasi dan diintegrasikan dengan penelitian R&D level 1.Produk yang dihasilkan diuji menggunakan uji internal melalui proses uji ahli, yaitu ahli desain pelatihan, ahli materi, dan ahli media. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model desain pelatihan keterampilan yang dikembangkan mendapatkan nilai rata-rata sebesar 92,37% dari ahli yang menunjukkan bahwa model desain pelatihan teruji valid dan siap diimplementasikan pada tahap selanjutnya

Pengendapan Uranium pada Monasit Bangka sebagai Ammonium Diuranate (ADU) Menggunakan Gas NH3

Monasit, sebagai produk ikutan penambangan timah, mengandung unsur-unsur logam tanah jarang (LTJ) serta unsur radioaktif seperti uranium (U) dan torium (Th). Penelitian dan pengembangan pengolahan monasit di Pusat Teknologi Bahan Galian Nuklir-Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional (PTBGN-BATAN) telah berhasil memisahkan LTJ sebagai senyawa hidroksida dengan recovery 85%. Unsur radioaktif U dan Th masing-masing diperoleh sebagai produk dalam bentuk konsentrat senyawa ammonium diuranate (ADU)/(NH4)2U2O7 dan torium hidroksida (Th(OH)4). Pada penelitian sebelumnya, pemisahan U sebagai ADU pada monasit dilakukan dengan proses pengendapan menggunakan larutan NH4OH. Pada penelitian, U ini akan diendapkan sebagai ADU menggunakan reagen gas NH3 dengan tujuan memperoleh kondisi optimum pengendapan. Umpan pengendapan berupa larutan (U,Th,LTJ) sulfat diperoleh dari proses pengolahan monasit secara basa yaitu dekomposisi menggunakan NaOH, pelarutan parsial menggunakan HCl, dan pelarutan total menggunakan H2SO4. Parameter yang diteliti meliputi pengaruh laju alir gas NH3, temperatur proses, dan waktu kontak terhadap recovery U. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada kondisi statis pH-7, kondisi optimum pengendapan U menggunakan gas NH3 adalah pada laju alir gas NH3 150 ml/menit, temperatur proses 30oC, dan waktu kontak 15 menit dengan recovery pengendapan U 100%, Th 99,97%, dan LTJ 99,93%. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa unsur U sudah terambil seluruhnya akan tetapi masih bercampur dengan unsur lain yaitu Th dan LTJ, sehingga diperlukan penelitian berikutnya untuk memperoleh U dengan kemurnian yang tinggi pada kondisi pH optimum

Global age-sex-specific mortality, life expectancy, and population estimates in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1950–2021, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

BackgroundEstimates of demographic metrics are crucial to assess levels and trends of population health outcomes. The profound impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on populations worldwide has underscored the need for timely estimates to understand this unprecedented event within the context of long-term population health trends. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 provides new demographic estimates for 204 countries and territories and 811 additional subnational locations from 1950 to 2021, with a particular emphasis on changes in mortality and life expectancy that occurred during the 2020–21 COVID-19 pandemic period.Methods22 223 data sources from vital registration, sample registration, surveys, censuses, and other sources were used to estimate mortality, with a subset of these sources used exclusively to estimate excess mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic. 2026 data sources were used for population estimation. Additional sources were used to estimate migration; the effects of the HIV epidemic; and demographic discontinuities due to conflicts, famines, natural disasters, and pandemics, which are used as inputs for estimating mortality and population. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression (ST-GPR) was used to generate under-5 mortality rates, which synthesised 30 763 location-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 1365 surveys and censuses, and 80 other sources. ST-GPR was also used to estimate adult mortality (between ages 15 and 59 years) based on information from 31 642 location-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 355 surveys and censuses, and 24 other sources. Estimates of child and adult mortality rates were then used to generate life tables with a relational model life table system. For countries with large HIV epidemics, life tables were adjusted using independent estimates of HIV-specific mortality generated via an epidemiological analysis of HIV prevalence surveys, antenatal clinic serosurveillance, and other data sources. Excess mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021 was determined by subtracting observed all-cause mortality (adjusted for late registration and mortality anomalies) from the mortality expected in the absence of the pandemic. Expected mortality was calculated based on historical trends using an ensemble of models. In location-years where all-cause mortality data were unavailable, we estimated excess mortality rates using a regression model with covariates pertaining to the pandemic. Population size was computed using a Bayesian hierarchical cohort component model. Life expectancy was calculated using age-specific mortality rates and standard demographic methods. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were calculated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered values from a 1000-draw posterior distribution.FindingsGlobal all-cause mortality followed two distinct patterns over the study period: age-standardised mortality rates declined between 1950 and 2019 (a 62·8% [95% UI 60·5–65·1] decline), and increased during the COVID-19 pandemic period (2020–21; 5·1% [0·9–9·6] increase). In contrast with the overall reverse in mortality trends during the pandemic period, child mortality continued to decline, with 4·66 million (3·98–5·50) global deaths in children younger than 5 years in 2021 compared with 5·21 million (4·50–6·01) in 2019. An estimated 131 million (126–137) people died globally from all causes in 2020 and 2021 combined, of which 15·9 million (14·7–17·2) were due to the COVID-19 pandemic (measured by excess mortality, which includes deaths directly due to SARS-CoV-2 infection and those indirectly due to other social, economic, or behavioural changes associated with the pandemic). Excess mortality rates exceeded 150 deaths per 100 000 population during at least one year of the pandemic in 80 countries and territories, whereas 20 nations had a negative excess mortality rate in 2020 or 2021, indicating that all-cause mortality in these countries was lower during the pandemic than expected based on historical trends. Between 1950 and 2021, global life expectancy at birth increased by 22·7 years (20·8–24·8), from 49·0 years (46·7–51·3) to 71·7 years (70·9–72·5). Global life expectancy at birth declined by 1·6 years (1·0–2·2) between 2019 and 2021, reversing historical trends. An increase in life expectancy was only observed in 32 (15·7%) of 204 countries and territories between 2019 and 2021. The global population reached 7·89 billion (7·67–8·13) people in 2021, by which time 56 of 204 countries and territories had peaked and subsequently populations have declined. The largest proportion of population growth between 2020 and 2021 was in sub-Saharan Africa (39·5% [28·4–52·7]) and south Asia (26·3% [9·0–44·7]). From 2000 to 2021, the ratio of the population aged 65 years and older to the population aged younger than 15 years increased in 188 (92·2%) of 204 nations.InterpretationGlobal adult mortality rates markedly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021, reversing past decreasing trends, while child mortality rates continued to decline, albeit more slowly than in earlier years. Although COVID-19 had a substantial impact on many demographic indicators during the first 2 years of the pandemic, overall global health progress over the 72 years evaluated has been profound, with considerable improvements in mortality and life expectancy. Additionally, we observed a deceleration of global population growth since 2017, despite steady or increasing growth in lower-income countries, combined with a continued global shift of population age structures towards older ages. These demographic changes will likely present future challenges to health systems, economies, and societies. The comprehensive demographic estimates reported here will enable researchers, policy makers, health practitioners, and other key stakeholders to better understand and address the profound changes that have occurred in the global health landscape following the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic, and longer-term trends beyond the pandemic