GLOBALIZATION VS INTERNATIONALIZATION FOR ENTREPRENEURS

Di sebuah artikel pada Harvard Business Review, Theodore Levitt mempublikasikan tulisan berjudul Globalization of Markets; sebuah review aktivitas bisnis setelah menjadi sebuah topik menarik untuk akademisi dan praktisi. Topik ini juga menjadi fenomena karena argumen beliau tentang globalisasi yang merupakan sebuah konvergensi ekonomi dengan aktivitas bisnis tanpa adanya hambatan nasional. Hal tersebut kontras dengan internasionalisasi yang cenderung lebih menyempit dan berhubungan bisnis dengan bagian luar perbatasan nasional. Ide sentral yang harus dijawab oleh manajer dan para entrepreneur adalah apakah pasar mereka global atau internasional. Sebelum menjawabnya, mereka butuh pengertian dan paradigma baru tentang hal ini. Lebih lanjut, Thomas Friedman dalam bukunya ‘The World is Flat’ juga memperkuat ide Levitt dan menuliskan sebuah dunia dengan evolusi informasi dan teknologi. Era baru ekonomi ini membuka kesempatan baru dalam sudut pandang entrepreneur. Ada sebuah pintu yang terbuka lebar untuk memasuki pasar global dan lebih mudah untuk menyesuaikan perkembangan perusahaan atau bisnis baru

THE INFLUENCE OF SPECIAL ITEMS TO CORE EARNINGS IN EARNINGS MANAGEMENT AT MANUFACTURING COMPANIES LISTED IN JAKARTA STOCK EXCHANGE

This paper examines the classification of items within the income statement as an earnings management tool. Evidence is consistent with managers opportunistically shifting expenses from core expenses (cost of goods sold and selling, general, and administrative expenses) to special items. This vertical movement of expenses does not change bottom-line earnings, but overstates ‘‘core’’ earnings. Keywords: earnings management; earnings components; special items

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN URBANIZATION AND DENGUE HAEMORRHAGIC FEVER INCIDENCE IN SEMARANG CITY

Unplanned urbanization can cause unhealthy urban environment, which in turn increases the population of mosquitoes carrying the dengue vector. Consequently, this would reduce the urban life quality because public health is an important aspect of it. The increasing incidence of Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) in Semarang City has been alarming. In 2013, the incidence was 2,364 cases, which increased up to 89.11% from the 1,250 cases of 2012. So, it is necessary to study about what relationship is there between the level of urbanization and the incidence of DHF in Semarang. This study used quantitative and spatial approach. The unit of analysis is sub-district with time series data from 2006 to 2013. The analysis technique is spatial analysis through image interpretation, regression, and descriptive analysis. The level of urbanization has been measured through the variables of population growth, population density, land use change, and building density. The results have shown that there is no significant correlation between the level of urbanization and the incidence of dengue fever. The urbanization is acknowledged as influencing only about 28% of the DHF incidence in the city, while the other 72% has been influenced by other factors

Evolving Ensemble Fuzzy Classifier

The concept of ensemble learning offers a promising avenue in learning from data streams under complex environments because it addresses the bias and variance dilemma better than its single model counterpart and features a reconfigurable structure, which is well suited to the given context. While various extensions of ensemble learning for mining non-stationary data streams can be found in the literature, most of them are crafted under a static base classifier and revisits preceding samples in the sliding window for a retraining step. This feature causes computationally prohibitive complexity and is not flexible enough to cope with rapidly changing environments. Their complexities are often demanding because it involves a large collection of offline classifiers due to the absence of structural complexities reduction mechanisms and lack of an online feature selection mechanism. A novel evolving ensemble classifier, namely Parsimonious Ensemble pENsemble, is proposed in this paper. pENsemble differs from existing architectures in the fact that it is built upon an evolving classifier from data streams, termed Parsimonious Classifier pClass. pENsemble is equipped by an ensemble pruning mechanism, which estimates a localized generalization error of a base classifier. A dynamic online feature selection scenario is integrated into the pENsemble. This method allows for dynamic selection and deselection of input features on the fly. pENsemble adopts a dynamic ensemble structure to output a final classification decision where it features a novel drift detection scenario to grow the ensemble structure. The efficacy of the pENsemble has been numerically demonstrated through rigorous numerical studies with dynamic and evolving data streams where it delivers the most encouraging performance in attaining a tradeoff between accuracy and complexity.Comment: this paper has been published by IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy System

Hubungan elastisitas permintaan dengan usaha mikro, kecil dan menengah (UMKM) di Jawa Timur

Perkembangan ekonomi saat ini sangatlah pesat dari tahun ke tahun. Khususnya pulau jawa, salah satu pulau yang perkembangnya sangatlah pesat dibandingkan pulau pulau lainnya. Serta di provinsi Jawa Timur inilah juga merupakan provinsi yang terbilang pesat yang berada di pulau jawa. Maka dari itu, kali ini saya membuat jurnal yang akan membahas elastisitas permintaan barang yang dapat dipengaruhi oleh faktor faktor lain serta akan berhubungan dengan perkembangan usaha mikro, kecil, dan manengah (UMKM)

VIDEO STREAMING WITH GIGABIT PASSIVE OPTICAL NETWORK TECHNOLOGY

Perkembangan teknologi berpengaruh kepada kebutuhan user untuk mengakses data lebih cepat, perlahan sistem dengan menggunakan Fiber Optic mulai menggeser posisi kabel tembaga dalam transmisi data karena lebih cepat. Tren user saat ini adalah membutuhkan transmisi data yang lebih cepat dan lebih besar, seperti Video Streaming. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat system Video Streaming dengan infrastruktur GPON (Gigabit Passive Optical Network). Dalam penelitian dilakukan konfigurasi Video Streaming dengan GPON kemudian juga dilakukan dengan system Ethernet. Keduanya dibandingkan dengan parameter kecepatan dan frame rate untuk Video Streaming. Hasil yang dapat diperoleh dari penelitian dengan menggunakan system GPON adalah kestabilan untuk melakukan Streaming Video dibandingkan Ethernet

Defining Strategic Position and Busines Model of CV Energi Selaras Alam

Fuel –addictive industry is a growing industry in Indonesia. With potential market of 80 million vehicles in Indonesia where most modern car use a subsidized –low quality fuel, market opportunity of this industry is very big. Although this industry is very influenced by world oil price and government regulation about subsidized fuel. CV.Energy Selaras Alam is the new comer in this industry. Founded in 2011, this firm provides a low price and highly efficient octane booster product to the society. Along the decreased issue of subsidized fuel price, this firm difficult to maintain their sales growth and expand to broader market that leads to significant decrease on its profit. If this condition allowed for the next couple month, this will lead company to bankruptcy.To understanding company's condition better, this research use methods of observation, literature survey and interview. Resource analysis and value chain analysis are used for internal analysis. PESTEL, Porter's 5 forces, and strategic group are used for external analysis. By using interrelationship diagram, it known that the root cause of this company's issue is the un-clarity of its strategic positioning.To formulate the solution, SWOT, IFAS, EFAS and SFAS matrix used to find CV.ESA new strategic position. Alternative strategy is generated from TOWS Matrix, result 13 strategies. Every strategy is integrated and mapped back into a new business model to create more integrated result for this company. The conclusion from this proposed strategy is the new strategy of CV ESA will be based on cost focus strategic position. This new strategy proposed to diversify product and marketing channel that focus on car and motorcycle user and also local industry that located only in West Java. Action Plan is derived from business model formulation, and prepared for 3 year implementation Plan. The implementation plan of those strategies is suggested to adjust the number of marketing and sales armada. This armada will be focused on creating new alliances and partnership that will be a success foundation of strategy proposed. Strategic Implementation will be implemented in the next 3 years and will start in 2013. Hopefully, this Research result would contribute a better understanding related with the importance of Strategic position and business Model in Startup Compan

An Incremental Construction of Deep Neuro Fuzzy System for Continual Learning of Non-stationary Data Streams

Existing FNNs are mostly developed under a shallow network configuration having lower generalization power than those of deep structures. This paper proposes a novel self-organizing deep FNN, namely DEVFNN. Fuzzy rules can be automatically extracted from data streams or removed if they play limited role during their lifespan. The structure of the network can be deepened on demand by stacking additional layers using a drift detection method which not only detects the covariate drift, variations of input space, but also accurately identifies the real drift, dynamic changes of both feature space and target space. DEVFNN is developed under the stacked generalization principle via the feature augmentation concept where a recently developed algorithm, namely gClass, drives the hidden layer. It is equipped by an automatic feature selection method which controls activation and deactivation of input attributes to induce varying subsets of input features. A deep network simplification procedure is put forward using the concept of hidden layer merging to prevent uncontrollable growth of dimensionality of input space due to the nature of feature augmentation approach in building a deep network structure. DEVFNN works in the sample-wise fashion and is compatible for data stream applications. The efficacy of DEVFNN has been thoroughly evaluated using seven datasets with non-stationary properties under the prequential test-then-train protocol. It has been compared with four popular continual learning algorithms and its shallow counterpart where DEVFNN demonstrates improvement of classification accuracy. Moreover, it is also shown that the concept drift detection method is an effective tool to control the depth of network structure while the hidden layer merging scenario is capable of simplifying the network complexity of a deep network with negligible compromise of generalization performance.Comment: This paper has been published in IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy System

Feasibility Of One–Dedicated–Lane Bus Rapid Transit ⁄Light–Rail Systems And Their Expansion To Two–Dedicated–Lane Systems: A Focus On Geometric Configuration And Performance Planning, MTI Report 08-01

This report consists primarily of two parts, the first on feasibility and the next on space minimization. In the section on feasibility, we propose the concept of a Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) or light–rail system that effectively requires only one dedicated but reversible lane throughout the system to support two-way traffic in the median of a busy commute corridor with regular provision of left–turn lanes. Based on key ideas proposed in that section, the section on space minimization first addresses how to implement a two–dedicated–lane BRT or light–rail system with minimum right–of–way width and then proposes ways to expand a one–dedicated–lane system to two dedicated lanes. In a one–dedicated–lane system, traffic crossing is accommodated on the otherwise unused or underused median space resulting from provision of the left–turn lanes. Although not necessary, some left–turn lanes can be sacrificed for bus stops. Conceptual design options and geometric configuration sketches for the bus stop and crossing space are provided in the section on feasibility, which also discusses system performance in terms of travel speed, headway of operations, distance between two neighboring crossing spaces, and number of crossing spaces. To ensure practicality, we study implementation of such a system on an existing corridor. Such a system is also useful as an intermediate step toward a two–dedicated–lane system because of its potential for facilitating transit–oriented development. In typical existing or planned BRT or light–rail systems implemented with two dedicated traffic lanes, a space equivalent to four traffic lanes is dedicated for a bus stop. In the section on space minimization, we propose implementations requiring only three lanes at a bus stop, based on two key ideas proposed for a one–dedicated–lane system. That section also discusses ways to expand a one–dedicated–lane system to its corresponding two–dedicated–lane system