Structural and functional analysis of cathepsin S<i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"> </i>of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Heterodera spp</i>: A promising candidate for its control

223-231Cysteine proteinases are required for a wide range of physiological processes in all living organisms. In parasitic nematodes, they are particularly crucial for the digestion of host tissues and evasion of host immune responses. Therefore, in general, these are identified as primary targets for the control of parasitic nematodes. Herein, cathepsin S-like cysteine proteinase of Heterodera avenae (Hacp-s) has been cloned and analysed for the first time. The predicted protein is 298 amino acids long and showed significant similarity with cathepsin S of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Heterodera glycines (Hgcp-s). The sequence of cathepsin S contains a signal peptide of 30 amino acids which suggests its role in extracellular functions. Multiple sequence alignment revealed the presence of ERFNIN motif and conserved catalytic residues. Three dimensional structure (3D) of Hgcp-s was modelled using homology modelling. In order to illustrate the plausible mode of interaction of cathepsin S (Hgcp-s), docking analysis was performed with E-64 cysteine proteinase inhibitor. Docking studies revealed the hydrogen bonding of E-64 with Gln153, His299 and Gly203 as well as close interaction with catalytic residues Cys159 and Asn320. Expression analysis of Hacp-s using qRT-PCR showed high expression of cathepsin S in pre parasitic J2s and female stages suggesting its significant role in both pre-parasitic and parasitic stages of the nematode life cycle

EWGWS insert in Plasmodium falciparum ookinete surface enolase is involved in binding of PWWP containing peptides: Implications to mosquito midgut invasion by the parasite

© 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.There are multiple stages in the life cycle of Plasmodium that invade host cells. Molecular machinery involved is such host-pathogen interactions constitute excellent drug targets and/or vaccine candidates. A screen using a phage display library has previously demonstrated presence of enolase on the surface of the Plasmodium ookinete. Phage-displayed peptides that bound to the ookinete contained a conserved motif (PWWP) in their sequence. Here, direct binding of these peptides with recombinant Plasmodium falciparum enolase (rPfeno) was investigated. These peptides showed specific binding to rPfeno, but failed to bind to other enolases. Plasmodium spp enolases are distinct in having an insert of five amino acids ((104)EWGWS(108)) that is not found in host enolases. The possibility of this insert being the recognition motif for the PWWP containing peptides was examined, (i) by comparing the binding of the peptides with rPfeno and a deletion variant Δ-rPfeno lacking (104)EWGWS(108), (ii) by measuring the changes in proton chemical shifts of PWWP peptides on binding to different enolases and (iii) by inter-molecular docking experiment to locate the peptide binding site. Results from these studies showed that the pentapeptide insert of Pfeno indeed constitutes the binding site for the PWWP domain containing peptide ligands. Search for sequences homologous to phage displayed peptides among peritrophic matrix proteins resulted in identification of perlecan, laminin, peritrophin and spacran. The possibility of these PWWP domain-containing proteins in the peritrophic matrix of insect gut to interact with ookinete cell surface enolase and facilitate the invasion of mosquito midgut epithelium is discussed.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Application of Additive Method of Fused Deposition Modeling to Production of Sprinkler Head

The thesis is focused on the design, modeling and manufacturing of a prototype sprinkler using modern additive technology Rapid Prototyping. The model was created using parametrical software SolidWorks, made ready to print by Cura software and printed in A602 3D printer working on Fused Deposition Modeling method. The theoretical basis of the work is involved in Rapid Prototyping, CAD systems technology, description of additive materials and their applications. Conclusion of this work compares this method with other options of production and evaluates which method is more efficient and more economical

Human brain and its modeling

The project deals with the development of a computer model of human brain. The model is used in the simulation program CST STUDIO SUITE 2015 to show the distribution of electromagnetic waves. The outputs of simulations should help us with a better understanding of electromagnetic field behavior inside the brain. In real life, the model will be used for the verification of methods localizing source currents in the brain

Hierarchical layout of significantly enriched biological processes and key regulatory genes in <i>H. avenae</i>.

<p>Hierarchical layout of significantly enriched biological processes and key regulatory genes in <i>H. avenae</i>.</p

Details of raw data and quality control used for assembly of the <i>H. avenae</i> transcriptome.

<p>Details of raw data and quality control used for assembly of the <i>H. avenae</i> transcriptome.</p

Additional file 3: Table S2. of A transcriptomic insight into the infective juvenile stage of the insect parasitic nematode, Heterorhabditis indica

Transcript abundance of H. Indica transcripts along with KOG analysis of transcripts showing FPKM values ≥ 100 and ≥ 1000. (XLSX 486 kb

Assembly statistics of <i>H. avenae</i> transcriptome generated by Velvet and Oases.

<p>Assembly statistics of <i>H. avenae</i> transcriptome generated by Velvet and Oases.</p

<i>Heterodera avenae</i> enzymes with predicted cell wall–degrading activities, compared with those in other nematodes.

<p>GH- Glycosidehydrolases,GT-Glycosyl transferases,CE-Carbohydrate esterases, PL - Polysaccharide lyases.</p