A Survey on Fixed Divisors

In this article, we compile the work done by various mathematicians on the topic of the fixed divisor of a polynomial. This article explains most of the results concisely and is intended to be an exhaustive survey. We present the results on fixed divisors in various algebraic settings as well as the applications of fixed divisors to various algebraic and number theoretic problems. The work is presented in an orderly fashion so as to start from the simplest case of $\Z,$ progressively leading up to the case of Dedekind domains. We also ask a few open questions according to their context, which may give impetus to the reader to work further in this direction. We describe various bounds for fixed divisors as well as the connection of fixed divisors with different notions in the ring of integer-valued polynomials. Finally, we suggest how the generalization of the ring of integer-valued polynomials in the case of the ring of $n \times n$ matrices over $\Z$ (or Dedekind domain) could lead to the generalization of fixed divisors in that setting.Comment: Accepted for publication in Confluentes Mathematic

Role of Credit and Technology in Income and Employment Generation in Paddy Farms of Tanjong Karang and Beranang, Malaysia

The paddy sub-sector assumes an important position in Malaysian agriculture. It is characterized by a high level of poverty of 50.2 per cent in 1987, and a range of structural problems including low productivity, high product ion cost and short age of labour. Technologically movativation is seen to be important in overcoming these problems. The fact that paddy production is now confined only to the granary areas means that technology will become increasingly important as a means to increase productivity and output if the target ted 60-75 percent national self sufficiency level is to be attained. This study aims to elucidate the role and impact of credit on technology and farm performance among paddy farmers. Two samples of paddy farmers are chosen, one from Tanjong Karang which represents a technologically advanced area, and the other from Beranang which re presents atraditional and less innovative area

Prospect and potentiality of finger millet in Nepal: Nutritional security and trade perspective

Millet is an important food crop for ensuring food and nutrition security of smallholder farmers and marginalized communities in the hill and mountain of Nepal. The main objectives of the study were to assess prospects and potentiality of millet by analysing the area, production, productivity, and trade for the year 2009-2019.  The study used a combination of exploratory survey and secondary data for assessing the production system, compound growth rate, coefficient of variation (CV), instability index (IIN), and trade specialization index. The results of the study are compiled and the synthesis of the analysis is presented in both tabular and graphic forms. Growth rate analysis showed that the area of millet is declining but the import value, production, and yield were increasing at the rate of 14.62, 0.47, and 0.73 percent per annum respectively. Import and export values and quantity showed higher CV as well as IIN while area, production, and yield showed lower values. The trade specialization index was found as -0.992, which indicates that millet is in the introduction phase. Out of the total millets area, 78% of the area lies in the hill, 19% in the mountain, and only 3% in the terai. The highest area and production can be observed in Bagmati province while the least was observed in province no two. The study implies that there is a need to increase production and productivity to reduce increasing imports and make the country self-reliant in millet production with increased investment in research and development and adequate support from national policies and programs

Nutritive Evaluation Of Sago Fibre As Feedstuff For Sheep

Nutrient evaluation of sago fibre showed that the fibre has same potential and could be utilized. as feed for ruminants. however, as a source of nutrients, it has limitations arising from low intake, digestibility, crude protein and. essential minerals content. The present study shower that sago fibre was low in crude protein (CP) (3.3%) am high in neutral detergent fibre (NDF) (72.5%) am acid detergent lignin (ADL) (25.8%) con tent. Treatment of sago fibre with 0,2,4 and 6% urea increased the CP content of the fibre from 3.3 to 10.4, 13.4 and 16.7% and decreased the NDF content (%) from 72.5 to 63.2, 62.3 am 60.8, respectively. Sodium hydroxide treatment of sago fibre decreased the NDF content, and also resulted in reduced CP content (2.9%) . may be due to chemical degradation of the protein into volatile compounds. Both urea and sodium hydroxide treatment had no effect on other cell wall component

Accuracy of MR Imaging in endometrial cancer: our experience

Background: MRI is a useful modality for preoperative imaging in endometrial cancer. We report our experience in Indian population managed at a tertiary care center regarding accuracy of preoperative MRI in prediction of deep myometrial invasion and cervical stromal invasion.Methods: 30 patients with endometrioid adenocarcinoma endometrium on endometrial biopsy underwent preoperative MRI in the week preceding surgery. MRI impression of depth of myometrial invasion, cervical stroma involvement and positive nodes were compared with final histopathology findings to calculate the accuracy of MRI.Results: The accuracy of MRI for estimation of tumour size was 72% and for detection of myometrial invasion was 76%. The accuracy for detection of cervical, adnexal and nodal involvement was 96%, 100% and 96% respectively.Conclusions: MRI is an accurate modality for preoperative assessment in endometrial cancer and can significantly assist in surgical planning