Role of Credit and Technology in Income and Employment Generation in Paddy Farms of Tanjong Karang and Beranang, Malaysia

The paddy sub-sector assumes an important position in Malaysian agriculture. It is characterized by a high level of poverty of 50.2 per cent in 1987, and a range of structural problems including low productivity, high product ion cost and short age of labour. Technologically movativation is seen to be important in overcoming these problems. The fact that paddy production is now confined only to the granary areas means that technology will become increasingly important as a means to increase productivity and output if the target ted 60-75 percent national self sufficiency level is to be attained. This study aims to elucidate the role and impact of credit on technology and farm performance among paddy farmers. Two samples of paddy farmers are chosen, one from Tanjong Karang which represents a technologically advanced area, and the other from Beranang which re presents atraditional and less innovative area

A Survey on Fixed Divisors

In this article, we compile the work done by various mathematicians on the topic of the fixed divisor of a polynomial. This article explains most of the results concisely and is intended to be an exhaustive survey. We present the results on fixed divisors in various algebraic settings as well as the applications of fixed divisors to various algebraic and number theoretic problems. The work is presented in an orderly fashion so as to start from the simplest case of $\Z,$ progressively leading up to the case of Dedekind domains. We also ask a few open questions according to their context, which may give impetus to the reader to work further in this direction. We describe various bounds for fixed divisors as well as the connection of fixed divisors with different notions in the ring of integer-valued polynomials. Finally, we suggest how the generalization of the ring of integer-valued polynomials in the case of the ring of $n \times n$ matrices over $\Z$ (or Dedekind domain) could lead to the generalization of fixed divisors in that setting.Comment: Accepted for publication in Confluentes Mathematic

Effect of nitrate metal (Ce, Cu, Mn and Co) precursors for the total oxidation of carbon monoxide

The ambient temperature carbon monoxide oxidation is one of the important topics in the present scenario. In this paper, we prepared various types of catalysts from the precursors of cobalt nitrate, cerium nitrate, copper nitrate and manganese nitrate for the oxidation of CO. Among the prepared catalysts, the cerium nitrate precursor showed the best performance for CO oxidation at low temperature. The activity of the catalysts was measured in different calcination conditions like stagnant air, flowing air and reactive calcination (4.5% CO in air). The activity test was done in the reactor under the following reaction conditions: 100 mg of catalyst, 2.5% CO in the air and the reaction temperature was increased from ambient to a higher value at which complete oxidation of CO was achieved. The characterization of the catalyst was done by several techniques like XRD, FTIR, SEM-EDX, XPS and BET. The order of activity for different catalysts was as follows: Ce-Oxide > Mn-Oxide > Cu-Oxide > Co-Oxide

Design and Analysis of an Improved Nucleotide Sequences Compression Algorithm Using Look up Table (LUT)

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), is the hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms. Nearly every cell in a person’s body has the same DNA. The information in DNA is stored as a code made up of four chemical bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). With continuous technology development and growth of sequencing data, large amount of biological data is generated. This large amount of generated data causes difficulty to store, analyse and process DNA sequences. So there is a wide need of reducing the size, for this reason, DNA Compression is employed to reduce the size of DNA sequence. Therefore there is a huge need of compressing the DNA sequence. In this paper, we have proposed an efficient and fast DNA sequence compression algorithm based on differential direct coding and variable look up table (LUT)

Prospect and potentiality of finger millet in Nepal: Nutritional security and trade perspective

Millet is an important food crop for ensuring food and nutrition security of smallholder farmers and marginalized communities in the hill and mountain of Nepal. The main objectives of the study were to assess prospects and potentiality of millet by analysing the area, production, productivity, and trade for the year 2009-2019.  The study used a combination of exploratory survey and secondary data for assessing the production system, compound growth rate, coefficient of variation (CV), instability index (IIN), and trade specialization index. The results of the study are compiled and the synthesis of the analysis is presented in both tabular and graphic forms. Growth rate analysis showed that the area of millet is declining but the import value, production, and yield were increasing at the rate of 14.62, 0.47, and 0.73 percent per annum respectively. Import and export values and quantity showed higher CV as well as IIN while area, production, and yield showed lower values. The trade specialization index was found as -0.992, which indicates that millet is in the introduction phase. Out of the total millets area, 78% of the area lies in the hill, 19% in the mountain, and only 3% in the terai. The highest area and production can be observed in Bagmati province while the least was observed in province no two. The study implies that there is a need to increase production and productivity to reduce increasing imports and make the country self-reliant in millet production with increased investment in research and development and adequate support from national policies and programs