Visualisation of an entangled channel spin-1 system

Co-variance matrix formalism gives powerful entanglement criteria for continuous as well as finite dimensional systems. We use this formalism to study a mixed channel spin-1 system which is well known in nuclear reactions. A spin-j state can be visualized as being made up of 2j spinors which are represented by a constellation of 2j points on a Bloch sphere using Majorana construction. We extend this formalism to visualize an entangled mixed spin-1 system.Comment: 4 pages,4 figure

Experimental Study and Optimization of Machining Parameters in Turning of AISI 1040 Steel with Micro-grooved WC Cutting Tools

In dry turning, control over chip formation and the need for the automated machining lead to an advancement in cutting tools. Such concern towards chip breakability is necessary in reducing tool wear, tool tip temperatures and surface roughness of workpiece material. The present study proposes a new development in the traditionally available cutting tools, which acts like a chip breaker. A series of micro-grooves are machined on the rake face of Tungsten carbide (WC) cutting tools using sinker Electric Discharge Machine (EDM). These micro-grooved tools are used to dissolve long continuous chips and heat from the cutting zone in the dry machining of AISI 1040 steel. The results of micro-grooved cutting tools have shown improvement in reducing the tool tip temperatures and surface roughness compared to the conventional cutting tools. The consolidated chip flow phenomenon of plain WC tools is used to decide the location of micro-grooves on the tool rake face. A Taguchi orthogonal array is used to design an experimental layout with minimum number of repetitions in the experiments. Signal-to-noise  ratios and ANOVA is used to understand and identify the significant factors & their level among the input variables on responses.From the results, it is identified that the cutting speed is the most influencing parameter for tool tip temperature at level 1 (i.e. 112 m/min) and surface roughness at level 5 (i.e. 720 m/min)

Ferromagnetic Ordering in CeIr2B2: Transport, magnetization, specific heat and NMR studies

We present a complete characterization of ferromagnetic system CeIr2B2 using powder x-ray diffraction XRD, magnetic susceptibility chi(T), isothermal magnetization M(H), specific heat C(T), electrical resistivity rho(T,H), and thermoelectric power S(T) measurements. Furthermore 11B NMR study was performed to probe the magnetism on a microscopic scale. The chi(T), C(T) and rho(T) data confirm bulk ferromagnetic ordering with Tc = 5.1 K. Ce ions in CeIr2B2 are in stable trivalent state. Our low-temperature C(T) data measured down to 0.4 K yield Sommerfeld coefficient gamma = 73(4) mJ/molK2 which is much smaller than the previously reported value of gamma = 180 mJ/molK2 deduced from the specific heat measurement down to 2.5 K. For LaIr2B2 gamma = 6(1) mJ/molK2 which implies the density of states at the Fermi level D(EF) = 2.54 states/(eV f.u.) for both spin directions. The renormalization factor for quasi-particle density of states and hence for quasi-particle mass due to 4f correlations in CeIr2B2 is 12. The Kondo temperature TK ~ 4 K is estimated from the jump in specific heat of CeIr2B2 at Tc. Both C(T) and rho(T) data exhibit gapped-magnon behavior in magnetically ordered state with an energy gap Eg ~ 3.5 K. The rho data as a function of magnetic field H indicate a large negative magnetoresistance (MR) which is highest for T = 5 K.While at 5 K the negative MR keeps on increasing up to 10 T, at 2 K an upturn is observed near H = 3.5 T. On the other hand, the thermoelectric power data have small absolute values (S ~ 7 {\mu}V/K) indicating a weak Kondo interaction. A shoulder in S(T) at about 30 K followed by a minimum at ~ 10 K is attributed to crystal electric field (CEF) effects and the onset of magnetic ordering. 11B NMR line broadening provides strong evidence of ferromagnetic correlations below 40 K.Comment: 10 pages, 11 figure

Lime-Stabilized Black Cotton Soil and Brick Powder Mixture as Subbase Material

Various researchers, for the past few decades, had tried to stabilize black cotton soil using lime for improving its shrinkage and swelling characteristics. But these days, the cost of lime has increased resulting in increase in need for alternative and cost effective waste materials such as fly ash and rice husk ash. Brick powder, one among the alternative materials, is a fine powdered waste that contains higher proportions of silica and is found near brick kilns in rural areas. The objective of the study is to investigate the use of lime-stabilized black cotton soil and brick powder mixture as subbase material in flexible pavements. Black cotton soil procured from the local area, tested for suitability as subbase material, turned out to be unsuitable as it resulted in very less CBR value. Even lime stabilization of black cotton soil under study has not showed up the required CBR value specified for the subbase material of flexible pavement by MORTH. Hence the lime-stabilized black cotton soil is proportioned with brick powder to obtain optimum mixture that yields a better CBR value. The mixture of 20% brick powder and 80% lime-stabilized black cotton soil under study resulted in increase in the CBR value by about 135% in comparison with lime-stabilized black cotton soil. Thus it is promising to use the mixture of brick powder and lime-stabilized black cotton soil as subbase material in flexible pavements

Network Management System for (FUTON-like) Radio-over- Fiber Infrastructure

EU-Project FUTON Radio-over-Fiber (RoF) infrastructure proposes high transmission rates at small antenna costs, implying competitive CAPEX for next generation networks. But to be cost-efficient, it needs to employ new network architectures and intelligent technology solutions for decreasing network operational costs. The RoF Network Manager manages the network equipment on the optical front haul between the Central Unit (CU) and all Remote Antenna Units (RAU)s connected by it, as well as the communication links, while enabling end-to-end service problem resolution and service quality management by the FUTON Middleware. Although a significant amount of prior research work can be found in the literature related to RoF, there is still significant lack of technologies concerning RoF networks management. RoF Manager and its sub-systems target to fill such gap, proposing a novel concept in the form of Channel Forwarding Table (CFT). RoF Manager follows an autonomous and generic network management framework, designed to be scalable in terms of adding new network elements (NEs). It targets multitechnology, multi-service and multi-vendor NEs in the network using Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). It can also provide alternative paths in case of failure. This work puts forward a new paradigm towards RoF management solution managing network performance, network faults, network security and configurations for convergent networks

Bioactivity and In Silico Studies of Isoquinoline and Related Alkaloids as Promising Antiviral Agents: An Insight

Viruses are widely recognized as the primary cause of infectious diseases around the world. The ongoing global pandemic due to the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 further added fuel to the fire. The development of therapeutics becomes very difficult as viruses can mutate their genome to become more complex and resistant. Medicinal plants and phytocompounds could be alternative options. Isoquinoline and their related alkaloids are naturally occurring compounds that interfere with multiple pathways including nuclear factor-κB, mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular-signal-regulated kinase, and inhibition of Ca²⁺-mediated fusion. These pathways play a crucial role in viral replication. Thus, the major goal of this study is to comprehend the function of various isoquinoline and related alkaloids in viral infections by examining their potential mechanisms of action, structure-activity relationships (SAR), in silico (particularly for SARS-CoV-2), in vitro and in vivo studies. The current advancements in isoquinoline and related alkaloids as discussed in the present review could facilitate an in-depth understanding of their role in the drug discovery process

A modified sensitive palladium-copper oxide and multiwalled carbon nanotubes electrochemical sensor for detection of ametridione pesticide

Glassy carbon electrode modified sensitive Pd-CuO/MWCNTs electrochemical nanosensor was used for detection of ametridione pesticide in water samples. The morphology characteristics of Pd-CuO/MWCNTs are examined by scanning electron microscopy and EDX. The ametridione pesticide under voltammetric investigation involves irreversible, 4e? electron reduction based on the protonation of the two carbonyl groups (>C=O). The voltammetric method was applied for the detection of ametridione in BR buffer solution at pH 5.0 as a supporting electrolyte. The detection limit, limit of quantification and concentration ranges of the proposed method were 0.0796 ?g?mL?1 (signal/noise=3), 0.5560 ?g?mL?1 and 0.1 to 10.0 ?g?mL?1, respectively. The electrochemical sensor was successfully applied for the detection of ametridione in tap, agricultural run-off and river water samples showing >98% mean recoveries.   &nbsp

Beam Switching Cylindrical Array Antenna System for Communication

The beam switching cylindrical array, which is a unique system, has been designed and developed to cover 360° in azimuth plane by generating 16 beams with specified elevation coverage.In this design, the concept of fast aperture selection (4 x 4) in microseconds from the total cylindrical array has been realised successfully to meet the requirement of point-to-multipoint communication. The components of the array, viz., radiating elements, powder dividers, switches, etc., are designed in printed circuit type, and hence, objectives of lightweight and ease of reproducibility are achieved. The lightweight of the array makes it accessible for easy mounting at a specified height for achieving longer communication range. Finally, a low-loss radome is incorporated to protect the array from environmental conditions. The various parameters, viz., return loss, gain, and switched-beam radiation patterns were measured over a bandwidth of 300 MHz in L- band and typical measured results are presented in this paper

Spontaneous emission of an atom placed near a nanobelt of elliptical cross-section

Spontaneous emission of an atom (molecule) placed near a nanocylinder of elliptical cross-section of an arbitrary composition is studied. The analytical expressions have been obtained for the radiative and nonradiative channels of spontaneous decay and investigated in details.Comment: 35 pages, 11 figure