Pearl millet genome sequence provides a resource to improve agronomic traits in arid environments

Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br., syn. Cenchrus americanus (L.) Morrone], is a staple food for over 90 million poor farmers in arid and semi-arid regions of sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. We report the ~1.79 Gb genome sequence of reference genotype Tift 23D2B1-P1-P5, which contains an estimated 38,579 genes. Resequencing analysis of 994 (963 inbreds of the highly cross-pollinated cultigen, and 31 wild accessions) provides insights into population structure, genetic diversity, evolution and domestication history. In addition we demonstrated the use of re-sequence data for establishing marker trait associations, genomic selection and prediction of hybrid performance and defining heterotic pools. The genome wide variations and abiotic stress proteome data are useful resources for pearl millet improvement through deploying modern breeding tools for accelerating genetic gains in pearl millet.publishersversionPeer reviewe

Effect of prior knowledge about treatment on cephalometric measurements

Objective: We hypothesised that prior knowledge of details for a growth modification treatment influences cephalometric measurements and results in a detectable bias. Design: Observational study. Setting: University teaching facility. Methods: Six orthodontic residents assessed 48 lateral cephalograms taken before and after functional appliance treatment from 24 patients. The residents assessed six cephalometric measurements, (Cd-Pog, Cd-Me, Ar-Pog, Ar-Me, Go-Me, SNB) over three separate sessions, in either a random concealed order or as matched pairs with information about treatment and time disclosed. Results: When information was disclosed, five out of the six cephalometric measurements were significantly higher that the corresponding cephalometric measurements taken randomly with undisclosed information. The bias was in the range of 1.6-3.2 mm for linear measurements and was 1.1° for SNB. Conclusion: Disclosing treatment information does introduce systematic errors in cephalometric measurements. Cephalometric analysis in orthodontic clinical research should be carried out by assessors who are blinded to treatment details, to minimise risk of bias

Wearable Orofacial Technology and Orthodontics

Wearable technology to augment traditional approaches are increasingly being added to the arsenals of treatment providers. Wearable technology generally refers to electronic systems, devices, or sensors that are usually worn on or are in close proximity to the human body. Wearables may be stand-alone or integrated into materials that are worn on the body. What sets medical wearables apart from other systems is their ability to collect, store, and relay information regarding an individual’s current body status to other devices operating on compatible networks in naturalistic settings. The last decade has witnessed a steady increase in the use of wearables specific to the orofacial region. Applications range from supplementing diagnosis, tracking treatment progress, monitoring patient compliance, and better understanding the jaw’s functional and parafunctional activities. Orofacial wearable devices may be unimodal or incorporate multiple sensing modalities. The objective data collected continuously, in real time, in naturalistic settings using these orofacial wearables provide opportunities to formulate accurate and personalized treatment strategies. In the not-too-distant future, it is anticipated that information about an individual’s current oral health status may provide patient-centric personalized care to prevent, diagnose, and treat oral diseases, with wearables playing a key role. In this review, we examine the progress achieved, summarize applications of orthodontic relevance and examine the future potential of orofacial wearables

A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE 100 MOST CITED ARTICLES IN TOP RANKED DENTAL JOURNAL

Aim: To review the notable characteristics of the 100 most cited articles in dental journals with the highest impact factor according to journal citation reports 2021 by Clarivate analytics. Methods: From the Web of Science database, the impact factor of dental journals was collected. Then, the top 100 cited articles from the top-ranked dental journal were retrieved from the Web of Science database up to June 2021 and cross-matched with Scopus and Google scholar. The following data were gathered for each article including the number of citations, title, year of publication, authors, country and institute, study design, the strength of supporting evidence, and area of research. Results: Journal of Clinical Periodontology (JCP) had the greatest impact factor of 8.728 in the Dentistry, Oral Surgery, and Medicine category. The 100 most cited articles in JCP were published between 1974 and 2018, with the numbers of citations ranging from 2652 to 257 (Web of Science), 2754 to 207 (Scopus), and 4965 to 344 (Google scholar). Lindhe J tops the list with 29 articles followed by Socransky SS with 15. Gothenburg University, Sweden took the leading position with 27 articles followed by Forsyth Dental Centre, United States with 12. The list was represented mainly by articles with experimental study designs and level-I evidence. Surgical periodontal therapy was the most studied thematic area. Conclusions: Our findings reveal trends and preferences in the research component of a top-ranked journal in dentistry. There is considerable evidence of exceedingly citable articles with superior research design and a high level of evidence being published

Prediction, Synthesis and Evaluation of a Synthetic Peptide as an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) Candidate for Screening of Bovine Antibodies against <i>Theileria annulata</i>

Tick-borne diseases (TBDs) of livestock are endemic across various parts of tropical countries. Theileriosis is one such economically important TBD, caused by the Theileriidae family of organisms, which is transmitted by ticks. Theileria annulata, the causative agent of tropical theileriosis, contributes a significant loss to the dairy sector by causing anorexia, high fever, anemia, inflammatory changes in vital organs and icterus, thus, a loss in milk yield. Though vaccines are available, their protective efficacy is not absolute, and treatment is limited to early diagnosis of the causative agent. Routinely, microscopic identification of piroplasms in the erythrocytes (Giemsa-stained) of infected animals or schizonts in lymph node biopsies are practiced for diagnosis. PCR-based techniques (multiplex, uniplex, nested and real-time) have been reported to perform well in diagnosing active infection. Several attempts have been made using serological assays like Dot blot, ELISA and ICT, but the results were of variable sensitivity and specificity. Recombinant proteins like the Theileria annulata merozoite surface antigen (Tams1) and Theileria annulata surface protein (TaSP) have been explored as antigenic candidates for these assays. In the present study, we predicted an immunogenic peptide, i.e., TaSP-34, from the TaSP using various computational tools. The predicted peptide was custom synthesized. The diagnostic potential of the peptide was assessed by indirect plate ELISA to detect the bovine-IgM against Theileria annulata. Alongside, a recombinant truncated TaSP (rTaSP(tr)) was expressed and purified, which was used to compare the performance of the peptide as a diagnostic candidate. The IgM-based peptide ELISA was 100% sensitive and 92.77% specific as compared to PCR (Tams1 targeting), while 98.04% sensitivity and 97.44% specificity were observed in comparison with rTaSP(tr) ELISA. Almost perfect agreement between peptide ELISA and Tams1 PCR was observed with a Cohen’s kappa coefficient (κ-value) of 0.901 and agreement of 95.31%. Further, the κ-value between the peptide ELISA and rTaSP(tr) ELISA was found to be 0.95, and the agreement was 97.65%, which shows a good correlation between the two tests. The findings suggest that the TaSP-34 peptide can be an efficient and new-generation diagnostic candidate for the diagnosis of T. annulata. Furthermore, the peptide can be synthesized commercially at a larger scale and can be a cost-effective alternative for the protein-based diagnostic candidates for T. annulata.</i

Pearl millet genome sequence provides a resource to improve agronomic traits in arid environments

International audiencePearl millet [Cenchrus americanus (L.) Morrone] is a staple food for more than 90 million farmers in arid and semi-arid regions of sub-Saharan Africa, India and South Asia. We report the ~1.79 Gb draft whole genome sequence of reference genotype Tift 23D2B1-P1-P5, which contains an estimated 38,579 genes. We highlight the substantial enrichment for wax biosynthesis genes, which may contribute to heat and drought tolerance in this crop. We resequenced and analyzed 994 pearl millet lines, enabling insights into population structure, genetic diversity and domestication. We use these resequencing data to establish marker trait associations for genomic selection, to define heterotic pools, and to predict hybrid performance. We believe that these resources should empower researchers and breeders to improve this important staple crop

Pearl millet genome sequence provides a resource to improve agronomic traits in arid environments

International audiencePearl millet [Cenchrus americanus (L.) Morrone] is a staple food for more than 90 million farmers in arid and semi-arid regions of sub-Saharan Africa, India and South Asia. We report the ~1.79 Gb draft whole genome sequence of reference genotype Tift 23D2B1-P1-P5, which contains an estimated 38,579 genes. We highlight the substantial enrichment for wax biosynthesis genes, which may contribute to heat and drought tolerance in this crop. We resequenced and analyzed 994 pearl millet lines, enabling insights into population structure, genetic diversity and domestication. We use these resequencing data to establish marker trait associations for genomic selection, to define heterotic pools, and to predict hybrid performance. We believe that these resources should empower researchers and breeders to improve this important staple crop

La séquençage du génome du millet perlé fournit une ressource pour améliorer les caractères agronomiques en milieux arides

International audienceAbstract Pearl millet [ Cenchrus americanus (L.) Morrone] is a staple food for more than 90 million farmers in arid and semi-arid regions of sub-Saharan Africa, India and South Asia. We report the ∼1.79 Gb draft whole genome sequence of reference genotype Tift 23D 2 B 1 -P1-P5, which contains an estimated 38,579 genes. We highlight the substantial enrichment for wax biosynthesis genes, which may contribute to heat and drought tolerance in this crop. We resequenced and analyzed 994 pearl millet lines, enabling insights into population structure, genetic diversity and domestication. We use these resequencing data to establish marker trait associations for genomic selection, to define heterotic pools, and to predict hybrid performance. We believe that these resources should empower researchers and breeders to improve this important staple crop.Le millet perlé [Cenchrus americanus (L.) Morrone, syn. Pennisetum glaucum] est un aliment de base pour plus de 90 millions d'agriculteurs dans les régions arides et semi-arides de l'Afrique subsaharienne, de l'Inde et de l'Asie du Sud. Nous rendons compte des résultats du projet de séquençage du génome entier de ~1.79 Gb du génotype de référence Tift 23D2B1-P1-P5 contenant environ 38.579 gènes. Nous soulignons l'enrichissement substantiel en gènes de biosynthèse de la cire, qui peuvent contribuer à la tolérance à la chaleur et à la sécheresse de cette céréale. Nous avons reséquencé et analysé 994 lignées de millet perlé, ce qui nous a permis de mieux appréhender la structure des populations, la diversité génétique et le processus de domestication. Nous utilisons ces données de reséquençage pour établir des associations de marqueurs utiles à la sélection génomique, pour définir des pools hétérotiques et pour prédire la performance des hybrides. Nous pensons que ces ressources devraient permettre aux chercheurs et aux sélectionneurs d'améliorer les performances de cette agriculture vivrière

La séquençage du génome du millet perlé fournit une ressource pour améliorer les caractères agronomiques en milieux arides

International audienceAbstract Pearl millet [ Cenchrus americanus (L.) Morrone] is a staple food for more than 90 million farmers in arid and semi-arid regions of sub-Saharan Africa, India and South Asia. We report the ∼1.79 Gb draft whole genome sequence of reference genotype Tift 23D 2 B 1 -P1-P5, which contains an estimated 38,579 genes. We highlight the substantial enrichment for wax biosynthesis genes, which may contribute to heat and drought tolerance in this crop. We resequenced and analyzed 994 pearl millet lines, enabling insights into population structure, genetic diversity and domestication. We use these resequencing data to establish marker trait associations for genomic selection, to define heterotic pools, and to predict hybrid performance. We believe that these resources should empower researchers and breeders to improve this important staple crop.Le millet perlé [Cenchrus americanus (L.) Morrone, syn. Pennisetum glaucum] est un aliment de base pour plus de 90 millions d'agriculteurs dans les régions arides et semi-arides de l'Afrique subsaharienne, de l'Inde et de l'Asie du Sud. Nous rendons compte des résultats du projet de séquençage du génome entier de ~1.79 Gb du génotype de référence Tift 23D2B1-P1-P5 contenant environ 38.579 gènes. Nous soulignons l'enrichissement substantiel en gènes de biosynthèse de la cire, qui peuvent contribuer à la tolérance à la chaleur et à la sécheresse de cette céréale. Nous avons reséquencé et analysé 994 lignées de millet perlé, ce qui nous a permis de mieux appréhender la structure des populations, la diversité génétique et le processus de domestication. Nous utilisons ces données de reséquençage pour établir des associations de marqueurs utiles à la sélection génomique, pour définir des pools hétérotiques et pour prédire la performance des hybrides. Nous pensons que ces ressources devraient permettre aux chercheurs et aux sélectionneurs d'améliorer les performances de cette agriculture vivrière

La séquençage du génome du millet perlé fournit une ressource pour améliorer les caractères agronomiques en milieux arides

International audienceAbstract Pearl millet [ Cenchrus americanus (L.) Morrone] is a staple food for more than 90 million farmers in arid and semi-arid regions of sub-Saharan Africa, India and South Asia. We report the ∼1.79 Gb draft whole genome sequence of reference genotype Tift 23D 2 B 1 -P1-P5, which contains an estimated 38,579 genes. We highlight the substantial enrichment for wax biosynthesis genes, which may contribute to heat and drought tolerance in this crop. We resequenced and analyzed 994 pearl millet lines, enabling insights into population structure, genetic diversity and domestication. We use these resequencing data to establish marker trait associations for genomic selection, to define heterotic pools, and to predict hybrid performance. We believe that these resources should empower researchers and breeders to improve this important staple crop.Le millet perlé [Cenchrus americanus (L.) Morrone, syn. Pennisetum glaucum] est un aliment de base pour plus de 90 millions d'agriculteurs dans les régions arides et semi-arides de l'Afrique subsaharienne, de l'Inde et de l'Asie du Sud. Nous rendons compte des résultats du projet de séquençage du génome entier de ~1.79 Gb du génotype de référence Tift 23D2B1-P1-P5 contenant environ 38.579 gènes. Nous soulignons l'enrichissement substantiel en gènes de biosynthèse de la cire, qui peuvent contribuer à la tolérance à la chaleur et à la sécheresse de cette céréale. Nous avons reséquencé et analysé 994 lignées de millet perlé, ce qui nous a permis de mieux appréhender la structure des populations, la diversité génétique et le processus de domestication. Nous utilisons ces données de reséquençage pour établir des associations de marqueurs utiles à la sélection génomique, pour définir des pools hétérotiques et pour prédire la performance des hybrides. Nous pensons que ces ressources devraient permettre aux chercheurs et aux sélectionneurs d'améliorer les performances de cette agriculture vivrière