849 research outputs found
Very high-energy constraints on the infrared extragalactic background light
Context. Measurements of the Extragalactic Background Light (EBL) are a
fundamental source of information on the collective emission of cosmic sources.
Aims. At infrared wavelengths, however, these measurements are precluded by
the overwhelming dominance from Interplanetary Dust emission and the Galactic
infrared foreground. Only at m, where the foregrounds are
minimal, has the Infrared EBL (IR EBL) been inferred from analysis of the COBE
maps. The present paper aims to assess the possibility of evaluating the IR EBL
from a few m up to the peak of the emission at >100 m using an
indirect method that avoids the foreground problem.
Methods. To this purpose we exploit the effect of pair-production from
gamma-gamma interaction by considering the highest energy photons emitted by
extragalactic sources and their interaction with the IR EBL photons. We
simulate observations of a variety of low redshift emitters with the
forthcoming Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescope (IACT) arrays (CTA in
particular) and water Cherenkov observatories (LHAASO, HAWC, SWGO) to assess
their suitability to constrain the EBL at such long wavelengths.
Results. We find that, even under the most extremely favorable conditions of
huge emission flares, extremely high-energy emitting blazars are not very
useful for our purpose because they are much too distant (>100 Mpc the nearest
ones, MKN 501 and MKN 421). Observations of more local Very High Energy (VHE)
emitting AGNs, like low-redshift radio galaxies (M87, IC 310, Centaurus A), are
better suited and will potentially allow us to constrain the EBL up to m
A Structured Approach to Insider Threat Monitoring for Offensive Security Teams
In many countries, government agencies resort to third parties to acquire security services of many kinds, including Red Team operations to test the effectiveness of own defenses mechanisms. Absolute trust is a key requirement, lest a potentially devastating finding be exploited by a treacherous Red Team against the same entity which commissioned the operation, or sold to its adversaries. In our endeavour as a joint private-academic initiative to address this peculiar market, we observed that a structured approach to this issue is much less common than we would have expected. In this work, we outline the process we are devising to offer customers a verified environment, but integrating it with an evidence-based proof of their correct behavior during the operation, striving to solve the âQuis custodiet ipsos custodesâ struggle in an offensive setting
Constraining blazar distances with combined Fermi and TeV data: an empirical approach
We discuss a method to constrain the distance of blazars with unknown
redshift using combined observations in the GeV and TeV regimes. We assume that
the VHE spectrum corrected for the absorption through the interaction with the
Extragalactic Background Light can not be harder than the spectrum in the
Fermi/LAT band. Starting from the observed VHE spectral data we derive the
EBL-corrected spectra as a function of the redshift z and fit them with power
laws to be compared with power law fits to the LAT data. We apply the method to
all TeV blazars detected by LAT with known distance and derive an empirical law
describing the relation between the upper limits and the true redshifts that
can be used to estimate the distance of unknown redshift blazars. Using
different EBL models leads to systematic changes in the derived upper limits.
Finally, we use this relation to infer the distance of the unknown redshift
blazar PKS 1424+240.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS, minor revisio
Alternative Linear Chiral Models for Nuclear Matter
The equation of state of a family of alternative linear chiral models in the
mean field approximation is discussed. We investigate the analogy between some
of these models with current models in the literature, and we show that it is
possible to reproduce very well the saturation properties of nuclear matter.Comment: 11 pages in Latex, 4 ps figures include
In vitro evaluation of live attenuated vaccines against Salmonella enteritidis: humoral immune response
Salmonella enteritidis (SE) vaccination is one of the major tool to reduce the infection in commercial poultry. In this work, techniques, evaluating the presence of Ig-G and Ig-A in serum, tears and intestinal secretions, were studied to improve the knowledge of the humoral immune response following SE live attenuated vaccination. The Ig-G and Ig-A ELISA are important and easy tests to plan and optimize SE vaccination programs
MAGIC eyes to the extreme: testing the blazar emission models on EHBLs
Extreme high-energy peaked BL Lac objects (EHBLs) are blazars whose
synchrotron emission peaks at exceptionally high energies, above few keV, in
the hard X-ray regime. So far, only a handful of those objects has been
detected at very high energy (VHE, E > 100 GeV) gamma rays by Imaging
Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes. Very remarkably, VHE observations of some of
these blazars (like 1ES 0229+200) have provided evidence of a VHE gamma-ray
emission extending to several TeV, which is difficult to explain with standard,
one-zone synchrotron self-Compton models usually applied to BL Lac objects. The
MAGIC collaboration coordinated a multi-year, multi-wavelength observational
campaign on ten targets. The MAGIC telescopes detected VHE gamma rays from four
EHBLs. In this paper we focus on the source 1ES 1426+426 and its X-ray and VHE
gamma-ray properties. The results of different models (synchrotron
self-Compton, spine-layer, hadronic) reproducing the broadband spectral energy
distribution are also presented.Comment: Proceedings of the 36th International Cosmic Ray Conference
(ICRC2019), July 24th-August 1st, 2019. Madison, WI, U.S.
Progress in unveiling extreme particle acceleration in persistent astrophysical jets
International audienceExtreme blazars emitting teraelectronvolt photons are ideal targets to study particle acceleration processes. The growing number of such sources has been critical for Îł-ray cosmology, studying intergalactic magnetic fields and putting constraints on exotic physics
Design of a SiPM-based cluster for the Large Size Telescope camera of CTA
A Silicon Photomultiplier (SiPM)-based photodetector is being built to
demonstrate its feasibility for an alternative silicon-based camera design for
the Large Size Telescope (LST) of the Cherenkov Telescope Array. It has been
designed to match the size of the standard Photomultiplier Tube (PMT) cluster
unit and to be compatible with mechanics, electronics and focal plane optics of
the first LST camera. Here, we describe the overall SiPM cluster design along
with the main differences with respect to the currently used PMT cluster unit.
The fast electronics of the SiPM pixel and its layout are also presented. In
order to derive the best working condition for the final unit, we measured the
SiPM performances in terms of gain, photo-detection efficiency and cross-talk.
One pixel, a unit of 14 SiPMs, has been built. We will discuss also some
preliminary results regarding this device and we will highlight the future
steps of this project.Comment: submitted to NIM
18FDG-PET and large vessel vasculitis: preliminary data on 25 patients
Objective: To evaluate the predictive value of clinical and biochemical features when compared to 18FDG-PET in the diagnostic work-up of large vessel vasculitis (LVV). Methods: Twenty-five patients underwent 18FDG-PET for the clinical suspect of LVV. All of them presented history of systemic symptoms lasting â„6 months and laboratoristic evidence of persistently high markers of inflammation. The patients were stratified according with: i) clinical manifestations, defined as presence of one or more ACR criteria for the classification of LVV; ii) laboratory investigations: Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) higher or lower than 50 mm/h, C-Reactive Protein (CRP) higher or lower than 2 mg/dl; iii) prednisone dose in the 4 weeks preceding PET examination. Results: The total number of positive PET was higher in the group without clinical ACR criteria and in the group with inflammation markers under the established cut-off. The number of scans consistent with LVV was higher in the groups presenting one or more clinical criteria for LVV but in those with very high ESR and CRP. In all the cases differences between groups were not statistically significative. A clear cut negative correlation between steroid dose and number of scans suggestive for LVV has been observed. Conclusions: Diagnosis of LVV remains challenging, especially in patients presenting with a constellation of non-specific symptoms and laboratory findings. In this study, both clinical and biochemical features show low correlation with a vasculitic pattern of FDG uptake. In our experience 18FDG-PET represents an useful diagnostic tool in early stages of LVV and a powerful instrument to follow the treatment responses
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